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Financial Services - Insurance - Property & Casualty - NYSE - BM
$ 25.01
-0.319 %
$ 858 M
Market Cap
-24.96
P/E
EARNINGS CALL TRANSCRIPT
EARNINGS CALL TRANSCRIPT 2015 - Q2
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Executives

Spivak Bernstein - SVP, IR Mark Watson - CEO Jay Bullock - CFO.

Analysts

Greg Peters - Raymond James Myer Shields - KBW Amit Kumar - Macquarie Adam Klauber - William Blair Mark Dwelle - RBC Capital Markets.

Operator

Good morning, and welcome to the Argo Group 2015 Second Quarter Earnings Conference Call. All participants will be in listen-only mode. [Operator Instructions] Please note this event is being recorded. I would now like to turn the conference over to Susan Spivak. Please go ahead ma'am..

Spivak Bernstein

Thank you, and good morning. Welcome to Argo Group's conference call for the second quarter and six months 2015 results. Last night, we issued a press release on earnings, which is available in the Investor section of our website at www.argolimited.com.

With me on the call today is Mark Watson, Chief Executive Officer and Jay Bullock, Chief Financial Officer. We are pleased to review the company's results for the quarter as well as provide you with Management's perspective on the business.

As the operator mentioned, this conference call is being recorded and following Management's opening remarks, you will receive instructions on how to queue in for questions for the future.

Such forward-looking statements are qualified by inherent risks and uncertainties surrounding future expectations generally and may materially differ from actual future results involving any one or more of such statements.

Argo Group undertakes no obligation to publicly update forward-looking statements as a result of events or developments subsequent to this conference call. For a more detailed discussion of these risks and uncertainties, please see Argo Group’s filings with the SEC.

With that, I'll turn the call over now to Mark Watson, Chief Executive Officer of Argo Group..

Mark Watson

Thank you, Susan, good morning, everyone, and welcome to Argo Group second quarter earnings call. I'd like to share my thoughts about the quarter after which Jay Bullock, our CFO will add some commentary to the results. We look forward to responding to any questions you may have during the Q&A portion of the call following our remarks.

After the market closed yesterday Argo reported second quarter 2015 net income of $0.98 per share and six months net income of $3.03 per share. Growth and operating earnings per share of over 12% to $0.91 per share, which is more than double of what we reported for our quarterly operating earnings three years ago.

For the first six months of 2015, our operating earnings per share of $1.94 grew 17% from the prior year. We continue to be encouraged by these results, but also recognize that we must be thoughtful given the increasingly competitive landscape.

The segment has generated an underwriting profit reflecting the continuous improvement and the quality of the business. Our combined ratio was 95.4% in the second quarter and 94.5% for the first six month period generating a 30% improvement in underwriting income for the first six months of this year to $37.2 million from $28.7 million in 2014.

And we're making ongoing progress in achieving efficiencies across the organization despite the continued effect of the non-cash charges related to our long term incentive compensation. Our underlying expense ratio is showing favorable year-over-year improvement and Jay will address in more detail during his commentary.

I should also add that our loss reserves remain strong as we benefitted from favorable loss reserve development now for the last 17 consecutive quarters and I believe each of the last 10 years were positive as well.

And while it comes as no surprise that market conditions are challenging, we continue to find opportunities in our niches to grow we believe intelligently. Our topline growth was up 7.2% in the second quarter and was up 5.3% in the six month period.

Across the entire business, rates have flattened out with some risks like property having significant reductions, but perhaps as important, we're achieving the expected retention rates in both our well performing books of business and those where we're actively working on improving risk selection.

Now let me briefly comment on each of our operating segments. In our Excess and Surplus Lines business, gross written premium was up 11.6% in the second quarter and 13.6% for the first six months of 2015 compared to 2014.

We're achieving growth in our core casualty units, our largest business by volume within E&S reflecting the benefit of our investments and technology and process management that we've been talking about for several quarters.

In addition to technology, we've invested in additional bench strength and areas such as environmental business where we recently hired a new team that will complement our ongoing team. On average, rates were modestly down across the segment other than property, which is down a fair bit due to intense competition.

In our Commercial Specialty segment, overall premium was up 10.6% in the quarter and 5.3% in the first six months. Growth was driven by our programs business and Argo Surety. We've several initiatives underway that will drive future growth in this segment and as these businesses come online, we will be speaking about them more in the future.

In several of our businesses in this segment, we continue to achieve rate increases that are in line with the progress we had hoped to make. Despite this we're seeing a continued increase in competition especially in areas such as the public entity and mining business.

Turning to Syndicate 1200, while our results, while our results remain solid and consistent, pricing and competition remain intense across the Lloyd’s market. We grow gross written premiums by 3% in both the second quarter and the six month comparisons with 2014. Gross is primarily being driven by initiatives we've started in the last three years.

An additional factor impacting the numbers most notably the net retained position is our increase use of third party capital at the Syndicate. We believe having strong partners participating in the results gives us the flexibility to expand the business when the opportunity presents itself and also gives us an attractive source of fee based income.

Overall, gross written premiums in our International Specialty segment rose 3.2% in the second quarter and 5.7% in the first six months, compared to 2014.

The quarter's growth reflects some new business opportunities in our Bermuda-based business and also in Brazil, the results are not surprisingly being impacted by more challenging economic conditions and by the continued weakness in the local currency.

Despite this we remain enthusiastic about the long-term prospects in this market and about the progress we're making.

Turning to investments, our portfolio was up $7.4 million or 18 basis points in the second quarter while the yield curve steepened in the quarter, June was the toughest month because yields increased, credits spreads widened and equities gave back much of the gains of April and May in the month of June.

The volatility spiked and there is a bit of volatility because of Greece, but if you think about it, this was a repeat of the second quarter of 2013, but we fared much better this year than we did two years ago mainly from shortening the duration of our investment portfolio.

Net investment income for the quarter was $21.8 million, up slightly from both the prior quarters and the prior year. The increase was driven by the timing of dividends from a private investment and a modest increase in our yield from our core fixed income portfolio.

Having said that, we expect the yield on the portfolio to continue to improve with rates normalizing, so I don't want to predict we've hit the bottom, but I think if we have it more awfully close to it, and I do expect that going forward we would see a modest rise in investment income.

Moving on to capital management, our philosophy has always been first and foremost to support the balance sheet of the company, have capital available for our opportunities as they arise and to actively return excess capital to our shareholders in an effective manner.

When we last used our stock in an acquisition in 2007 when we acquired our Bermuda platform, we issued 9.2 million shares.

Since that transaction, we've repurchased all of the stock that was issued and the additional capital gain provided the base for expansion into new businesses including the syndicate at Lloyds that now represent approximately 40% of our business both on a revenue and in that income basis or to say differently, all the shares that we issued back in 2007 to buy the Bermuda company, we’ve now bought back and we’re sitting with 45% more business all of it spread around that world outside the U.S.

In total, over the last six years we’ve returned more than $411 million of capital to shareholders with $326 million of capital to shareholders through share repurchases and $85 million through cash dividends.

We continue to view our stock as one of the best investments out there and we'll balance the return of capital to shareholders with our priority of building the Argo franchise and shareholder value in the long run. We've a very different company today than when I invested in the company in 1998 some 17 years ago.

Our focus and commitment to specialty underwriting and the diversification of our platform are producing steady, profitable growth in our core businesses. It was easy to get here, but from where we set now with the global specialty franchises in the world's leading insurance markets we feel quite good about where are and where we are going.

Our focus will remain on generating growth and book value and providing stable returns for shareholders. With that, I’ll turn the call over to our Chief Financial Officer, Jay Bullock..

Jay Bullock

Thanks Mark and good morning, everyone. I’ll provide some clarifying detail on the financials and then open it up to Q&A.

As mentioned, while revenue growth continues to be a challenge we're growing the businesses we believe have the best returns as evidenced by the growth in E&S and improving the businesses where results have been disappointing through better risk selection as evidenced by the improvement in the current action in the results in almost all of our segments.

The lot as a key element in driving growth in underwriting income, which as we’ve said in the past is the measure over which management and business leaders have the most influence and it’s the number that ultimately drives better returns.

Of note related to loss trend, the second quarter and first six months of 2015 were characterized by continued overall favorable reserve development from prior accident years and a relatively lower than expected level of catastrophe losses.

For the quarter we experience net favorable reserve development of $5 million and for the first six months $8.7 million. Last year is a larger six month number $23.3 million a positive reserve development was influenced significantly by the release of prior year catastrophe reserves at the syndicate.

The largest component of this quarter's relates was from our E&S business at $6.8 million, concentrated in causality, professional and transportation lines.

We had $2.2 million of favorable development in the syndicate and the quarter from property liability, marine and energy, international specialty had $1.2 million of favorable development coming basically from all lines and we had $4.4 million of adverse development in commercial specialty related to Argo insurance are admitted grocery and retail business, primarily from accident years 2012 and prior.

In the second quarter we posted a current accident year of non-cap loss ratio of 55.9% about two points better than the prior year. Catastrophe losses that impacted our business for the quarter were relatively low at $2.3 million in losses driven by U.S. storms. Let me address a few items related to the expense ratio.

On a reported basis the second quarter 2015 expense ratio was 40.3% an improvement from 40.7% in the 2014 quarter. The reported numbers for the quarters include non-cash equity compensation charges of $10.4 million in 2015 and $6.8 million in 2014 related to the increase in our stock price during the relevant quarter.

We of course anticipate an element of this expense each quarter, for example if the stock were to move up 2% to 3% in a given quarter, we would expect to see an expense of approximately $2 million to $3 million. However in the most recent quarter the stock moved up by over 11%.

Equity compensation expense is driven by outstanding options awards that are valued using traditional option pricing -- a traditional option pricing model, which incorporate such elements as length to expiration, volatility and stock price.

As the stock price increases from the strike price, you get a higher option value and therefore a higher expense. For Argo, a simple analysis would suggest that for every $1 increase in our stock price, we see approximately $1.5 million to $2 million of expense.

Excluding this charge from the quarters but adding the middle of the expected range let's $2.5 million, our expense ratio would have been 38% an improvement from 39.4% in the same period of 2014. Moving on to realized gains, we saw a relative decline of a net gain position over last year's second quarter.

The decline was driven by a smaller contribution from the core bond portfolio and by a moderately weaker U.S. dollar. Positive contributions from our equity and alternative strategies were roughly the same in each period. For the second quarter of 2015, the effective tax rate for the Group was 19.6%, which is very close to our assumption of 20%.

For the six months period ending June 30, the tax rate was 10.7%. The lower effective rate is mainly due to three factors. Non-taxable foreign exchange items in the U.K., the receipt of a state tax rate refund in the first quarter of 2015 and a larger portion of our earnings in 2015 attributable to the Bermuda operation.

Finally a note on the balance sheet, we entered the quarter with a pretax unrealized embedded gain of $167 million down from $197 million at March 31. This decline was largely related to wider spreads in the U.S.

corporate and municipals, movements in foreign exchange related to certain currency derivatives and the realization of previously unrealized gains from the sales of some equity positions. Operator, that concludes our prepared remarks and we're now ready to take questions..

Operator

Very good. We will now begin the question-and-answer session. [Operator Instructions] Our first question comes from Greg Peters of Raymond James. Please go ahead..

Greg Peters

Good morning everyone. Congratulations on the quarter..

Mark Watson

Thank you..

Jay Bullock

Thanks..

Greg Peters

A couple of questions, just from a big picture perspective Mark, I was wondering if you would add some commentary around some of the M&A and specifically the opportunity to pick up new teams and bring on new hires to help build out your footprint considering everything that's happened in the last year?.

Mark Watson

So we had more resumes hit my desk and Jay’s desk and everyone else desk in the last six months than the last six years. The number of people that are interested in joining our company is terrific and I feel like a part time recruiting agency right now..

Greg Peters

How do you navigate that process because a lot of individuals are coming to you promising wonderful results that produced other firms and I am just curious how you approach that?.

Mark Watson

Well most of the people that we have been talking to Greg are to fill roles that we were already looking for going forward. There are only a couple of people that we've spoken with that had they not come to us we wouldn’t have been looking.

For example we've had a search going on for quite a while to replace our Group Head of Professional Liability and we just -- I think we announced on Monday that we hired Steve McGill who came out of the XL Catlin merger as an example of that.

But that was a role that that like many of the other roles that I think you'll see us announce over the next six months or so. There are roles that we were already looking to fill, but we now have a much broader pool of talent to choose from..

Greg Peters

Thanks for the color on that. I suppose there is the potential for an uptick in expenses if you bring on some new teams.

Could you give us an update on some of the technology investments you've made over the last couple of years to improve your expense ratio and can you give us how that investment is yielding the terms of returns for you guys?.

Mark Watson

Sure. So let’s go back to the first part of your question. You're right that if we were to hire a substantial number of underwriters at one time, that there would be a short term uptick in expenses. And if we do that, we'll let you know. That hasn’t happened so far.

Most of our money has been spent not on recruiting more people but on building better systems, which we've talked about on a number of earnings call -- on the last few earnings call. And what I've said is that what we’re trying to do is figure out how to process a lot of small account business more effectively. We see plenty of business today.

It’s just making sure that we have the time to process that business when it comes in the door and I think I've said on the call last quarter that we know that if we can turn around a quote in our ENS business which is where we’ve had most of the investment.

We know that if we can turn around a quote within the first few hours of it coming in the door that will be far more effectively in actually getting to bind that business on to our books.

And the difference in magnitude of turning around something in a few hours or not getting to it until the next day is something like five to one and maybe even more than that. Now a lot of the business that we’re writing today is that we’re really getting that quick turnaround is smaller account business.

So while premium was up 10% plus for our casualty business, on a policy count basis, it was up even more because we're writing smaller accounts, which is great for us because they have less volatility and the loss ratio looks pretty good.

I think that we’re getting near the end of a lot of technology investment that we made in the first wave, but now we’ve figured out what we can do to improve it again and keep reinvesting.

And so I’d expect that notwithstanding how competitive the market place may be in ENS that we’d still be growing our casualty business this year and I think we may have a chance to even grow it a bit higher rate next year if we get a little bit more traction in our platform..

Greg Peters

With respect to the technology investment is there going to be some expense tailwind as you go from investment phase to harvest phase..

Mark Watson

No I don’t think so because remember for most CapEx projects companies like ours, included tend to amortize that expense over the life of the project and I think that we’ve been amortizing the expense of this over a four, five year period..

Greg Peters

Okay. And just finally could you just give us an update on..

Mark Watson

Hey Gregg, let me just say one last thing and that is remember what I've have said is the real benefit for us isn’t necessarily reducing expense, although we will be reducing expense, but it’s not having to add expense and add payroll as we go forward..

Greg Peters

Yes that’s make sense. And then just finally I was looking at the variances between gross and net written premium in a couple of your segments and while gross grew in one or two of your segments the net didn’t and I am just curious if there was any change in your approach to reinsurance purchases at any of the subsidiaries..

Jay Bullock

Gregg this is Jay. There is really two places where that’s most pronounced. One is in the Syndicate. That’s a function of the fact as Mark mentioned we have third-party capital that participates with us on the Syndicate. For over the last couple of years we have increased the use of that third party capital.

So it’s having an effect on the variance in growth rate between gross, which includes much of that third party capital and that which does not..

Mark Watson

And that probably will continue in 2016..

Jay Bullock

Right and then in the ENS business, which is the other place where it's most pronounced one of the things in one of our again small account businesses, we've began offering polices that had multiple year nature two year and that has an effect on the written versus earned as well. So that’s the other place where the variance is coming from..

Greg Peters

On the third party capital, do you pick up any fees as a result of your partnership with them or does it come back in the form of contingent profit commission or something like that?.

Mark Watson

Well it’s a little bit above, but it's mainly fees on the front end and so if we structure it properly, then whatever lost underwriting income we have we’ll make up for with fee income. It may not be dollar for dollar or in this case pound from pound, but it’s pretty close to that, but of course it frees up capital.

So our return on capital invested in the Syndicate on a percentage basis is actually better..

Greg Peters

Okay. Thank you very much for the answers….

Operator

Our next question comes from Myer Shields of KBW. Please go ahead..

Myer Shields

Thanks. Good morning. Two quick questions if I can.

One, with the grocery adverse development in Specialty, can you give a sense of how much of that block of business has already been closed?.

Mark Watson

I am not sure that we have closed off any block of business, but there are certain accounts that we’ve been non-renewing as we go through and re-underwrite our portfolio, which we've been talking about for more than a year now.

So if I reframe the question and say how much more re-underwriting do you have to do, I’d say over the next year there are probably I don’t know how many accounts there would be, but if I quality it in terms of premium volume there maybe another $10 million worth of premium that we decide to non-renew because it just doesn’t fit the business model going forward.

Most of the business that we have in commercial specialty today is more of a risked managed approach. So its loss sharing with the policy holder and we think that’s a much better business model for us in the U.S. and so we’ll probably run off a few more of the guaranteed cost polices over the course of the next year..

Myer Shields

Okay. That’s helpful. I was actually -- I meant to ask about the claims, in another words the locked claims where the adverse development has been occurring, are those -- what percentage of that is….

Mark Watson

I would say that it’s possible that we would have a bit more prior year negative development, but I would quantify it in the range of millions of dollars and not tens of millions of dollars..

Myer Shields

Okay. That’s very helpful.

And then roughly speaking when you look at Brazil, does the economic situation there have any implications for the underwriting profitability of the business you're writing?.

Mark Watson

It has a lot particularly on infrastructure projects or right now I should say lack thereof. So with the economy slowing down, there is not a lot of engineering and construction projects to ensure or surety opportunities.

And also with all of the fraud coming out particularly surrounding Petrobras it's slowing things down and people are being more cautious. Most of what we do in Brazil is a lot like the U.S., while we had some big accounts, a lot of what we ensure are small accounts.

We ensure a lot of small professional in Brazil through our protector platform and we also ensure them not only for liability, but we also ensure their bicycles for theft/ So a lot of those things they're not as impacted by the economy as much as the bigger projects that a lot of us ensure in Brazil..

Myer Shields

Okay. That’s helpful. Thanks so much..

Operator

Our next question comes from Amit Kumar of Macquarie. Please go ahead..

Amit Kumar

Thanks and good morning and congrats on the quarter..

Mark Watson

Thank you..

Amit Kumar

Just a few quick questions. I just wanted to follow-up to the previous discussion on consolidation. First of all I wanted to get your thoughts on the ATC acquisition and what you thought about the level of control premium paid for Specialty franchise and generally about the consolidation that you're seeing around yourself today..

Mark Watson

I think as far as the ACC deal goes I think Chris got a pretty good deal done. In terms of the market, it’s the same thing that I've been saying for a long time, if you got a motivated seller a deal is going to get done and if you look at the transactions that have been done recently, there has been a motivated party to get something done.

Do I think there are other deals to be done? Well the rumor now would suggest that and I don’t think we are through seeing things happen, but that doesn’t mean they're all going to happen in the next six months.

I think as companies think about where they're trying to go strategically, they will continue to consider that as an option just as we all always do..

Amit Kumar

I guess -- so related to that my question would be in the opening remarks, I think Mark said Argo is one of the best investments in the space.

Is Argo for sale today and if not, do you think more needs to be done at Argo where it becomes more attractive franchise to a buyer down the road?.

Mark Watson

Amit what I said in my remarks was that I was talking about capital management and I was saying that we view Argo as an attractive investment and we’re happy to keep buying this stock of Argo as an option of the use of our excess capital. We’re building a great franchise and that’s what I’m focused on.

I’m trying to build long-term value for our shareholders..

Amit Kumar

Let me rephrase the question, if you look at the stock and where it’s trading at versus some of the other companies, I guess the question I am asking is do you think the franchise is ready where it is today or do think there is a glide path to continue to improve the ROE and once you close the gap of some of the other specialty franchises perhaps there is more upside at that stage potentially if a buyer show up.

That’s what I am trying to understand, where do you sort of fall in that metrics?.

Mark Watson

I’m not sure it’s a metrics, but what I’m focused on is continuing to grow the company and grow the enterprise value of the company. ROE is certainly one metric and as you’ll note our ROE has improved substantially over the last three years. I am mainly focused on growing book value per share.

I think that's a better reflection of enterprise value particularly in our case where so much economic value is created through the total return of the investment portfolio, but isn’t necessarily reflected in operating income or even net income because that only includes realized gains.

And so I don’t think I can answer your question any more thoroughly than that. We're going to keep building a company for the long-term and I think that if you look at our financial results, I think they speak for themselves.

I think if you look at how we think about shareholders and managing the capital of shareholders, I think we've done a very good job.

That's why I made the point in my remarks today that we've now bought back an amount of shares equal to the shares that we issued to buy the Bermuda platform, the London platform and everything else that we've got going on outside the U.S. So that's where my head is out right now..

Amit Kumar

Fair enough. Two other quick questions. One was in Syndicate 1200, was there a comment where growth came from marine and energy and I was going to reconcile from comments made by some other companies were they actually are pulling back talking about issues in the line and pricing adequacy.

Maybe I misunderstood that, but if you could just expand on that marine and energy comment in the press release?.

Jay Bullock

Amit, this is Jay. It's a very marginal amount of growth and if you recall that's a line of business that is not a very -- it's a recent addition in the last three years. So we're talking growth of million, couple of million starlings not anything that significant..

Amit Kumar

And that's not meaningful. Okay.

Final question, did you mention the assets backing the run off line or could you remind us what the number is?.

Jay Bullock

If you’re asking what the reserves are that are in the run-off it's approximately $250 million..

Amit Kumar

$250 million and what was that number as of yearend?.

Jay Bullock

$260 million. I don’t have it at my fingertips, but it is running off 10, 15..

Mark Watson

We're getting selling here the tail of that, that the rate of reduction now is much slower than it was six or seven years ago..

Amit Kumar

Got it. That's all I have for now. Thanks for all the answers and good luck for the future..

Jay Bullock

Thank you..

Mark Watson

Thank you..

Operator

Our next question comes from Adam Klauber of William Blair. Please go ahead..

Adam Klauber

Good morning, everyone.

You said really nice margin improvement over the last couple of years, most of it -- and the core loss ratio, going forward do you think more the improvement I want to say going forward over the next two, three years, do you think more of the improvement comes from the expense ratio or should still come from the loss ratio?.

Jay Bullock

Adam, I think that there is a chance the loss ratio improves depending upon where we grow. There are certain classes of business that we’d like to underwrite even at a higher loss ratio, because they have a lower expense ratio. So, I think it just depends on our product mix going forward.

If I ask the question differently, do I think we can improve the combined ratio from here whether it’s from improved loss ratio or improved expense ratio, the answer is yes. In general, I like our loss ratio where it is.

So I’d like to be able to write more risk at the same price and therefore reduce the expense ratio, because we don’t need to add much if any infrastructure going forward.

So I would look for improvement in both and be happy if the combined ratio keeps going down, but I think in the short run, we’re trying to scale what we have as opposed to keep adding..

Adam Klauber

Okay that’s helpful.

And as far as again nice growth in casualty, is that thing driven by the economies? Is that thing driven by your expanding presence? Could you maybe delve into that a bit more?.

Jay Bullock

To be honest I think it’s being driven by the team's responsiveness to their distribution partners. Some of that is driven by better technology that allows them to be both responsive and thoughtful about the risk that they’re underwriting.

But they’ve also changed the way they do work and the team has spent a huge amount of time over the last year thinking through how they do work and as I think I've said earlier on the call today we’re not trying to expanding the number of opportunities within E&S right now.

We’re just trying to make sure that we can actually underwrite the opportunities that are coming in the door. And there’s so much volume, it’s hard to get a look at all of it.

So we’ve made changes in our workflow that have allowed us to see more of it and be more responsive and I would look for that to continue in the short-term for sure and that’s kind of the next 18 months. It maybe lumpy from one quarter to the next, but I see that as a real opportunity for us over the next couple of years..

Adam Klauber

Okay. And then typically in E&S there is the accordion where the standard markets come in and out and I know you tend to be on the smaller side so you're somewhat insulated from that accordion.

But having said that are you seeing any signs of the standard markets becoming more aggressive in some of your niches?.

Mark Watson

No what I’m saying though is some competitors that were primarily doing things on a wholesale basis now going direct to retailers or new E&S competitors coming in and having a retail proposition that is a bigger deal to them than their wholesale proposition. So in those cases risks are getting to us as well..

Adam Klauber

Okay.

And then also in competition not just in E&S generally are you seeing more activity/competition from MGAs?.

Mark Watson

Well, there’s always so much competition from MGAs I’m not sure that I would say it’s appreciably more. There is always a lot there..

Adam Klauber

Okay. Thanks a lot very helpful..

Operator

Our next question comes from Mark Dwelle of RBC Capital Markets. Please go ahead..

Mark Dwelle

Good morning. Most of my questions have been asked and answered.

But one other one I just want to take a second on, you did the stock dividend earlier in the year, just trying to get a sense what’s investor reaction to that been and is that something that you’ll consider doing again in the future? And I guess just generally some comments on where that fits in amongst the various capital management strategies of dividend -- special dividend buybacks etcetera?.

Jay Bullock

So that’s the second stock dividend that we’ve done in the last three years. It was for the most part well received by investors and in fact the reason we did it was because a number of shareholders were marked that they were appreciative of the first one and as to that was something we would consider doing again.

It’s a nice way to reward our longer term shareholders.

It gives them 10% more stock and basically it gives them a 10% increase in the dividend but as you’ll note over the last five or six years, we have repatriated capital at a range of ways to our shareholders, not just increasing the dividend by way of stock dividend, but we've also increased the cash dividends several times.

And don't hold me to this, but I believe that since we started the clearing of divided six years ago, it's that double of today what it was then. If you go back to 2007, we did issue a special one-time extraordinary cash dividend to our shareholders.

So I think that we have shown an ability to use a range of tools to repatriate capital to our shareholder given the circumstance of the time and I think that should give everyone comfort of our ability to continue doing that in the future..

Mark Dwelle

Okay. I appreciate the thoughts, thanks..

Operator

And this concludes our question-and-answer session. I would like to turn the call back over to Mr. Mark Watson, President and CEO for any closing remarks..

Mark Watson

I would like to thank everyone for joining us on the call today. I wanted to end the call by thanking a colleague of mine who was the President of Rockwood for more years than I can remember and he has only worked at Rockwood.

He was there over 30 years that's [John] [ph] and he is both a mentor and friend and helped us fill a terrific business in the United States and his presence will be missed by all of us and just wanted to say thank you to John for his dedication to Argo for a very long time.

Operator, that concludes our remarks and we look forward to talking to you all again next quarter..

Operator

Thank you, Sir. The conference has now concluded. Thank you for attending today's presentation. You may now disconnect. Have a great day..

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