Welcome to MACOM’s Second Fiscal Quarter 2023 Conference Call. This call is being recorded today, Thursday, May 4, 2023. [Operator Instructions] I will now turn the call to Mr. Steve Ferranti, MACOM’s Vice President of Strategic Initiatives and Investor Relations. Mr. Ferranti, please go ahead..

Thank you, Olivia. Good morning, and welcome to our call to discuss MACOM’s financial results for the second fiscal quarter of 2023.

I would like to remind everyone that our discussion today will contain forward-looking statements, which are subject to certain risks and uncertainties as defined in the safe harbor for forward-looking statements contained in the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Actual results may differ materially from those discussed today.

For more detailed discussions of the risks and uncertainties that could result in those differences, we refer you to MACOM’s filings with the SEC. Management’s statements during this call will also include discussion of certain adjusted non-GAAP financial information.

A reconciliation of GAAP to adjusted non-GAAP results are provided in the company’s press release and related Form 8-K, which was filed with the SEC today. And with that, I’ll turn over the call to Steve Daly, President and CEO of MACOM..

Thank you, and good morning. I will begin today’s call with a general update. After that, Jack Kober, our Chief Financial Officer, will provide a more in-depth review of our results for the second quarter of fiscal 2023.

When Jack is finished, I will provide revenue and earnings guidance for our third fiscal quarter, and then we will be happy to take some questions. Revenue for our second quarter of fiscal 2023 was $169.4 million and adjusted EPS was $0.79 per diluted share.

Cash flow from operations was approximately $33 million, and we ended the quarter with $577 million in cash in short-term investments on our balance sheet. Overall, our team did an excellent job on execution to meet our business and financial targets. Our book-to-bill ratio for Q2 was 0.5, which was well below our expectations.

In our turns business, or revenue booked and shipped within the quarter, was approximately 9% of our total revenue, also lower than expected. Despite the weak Q2 bookings, our backlog remains strong as 7 of the 9 past quarters have had greater than 1 book-to-bill ratios and our book-to-bill ratio for the full year FY ‘22 was 1.1.

Given the extraordinarily weak Q2 bookings, I thought it would be helpful to discuss the current order trends and address a series of important questions. First, were we surprised with the weak Q2 bookings. As discussed on last -- on our last earnings call, we had anticipated that bookings would be weak in Q2.

However, our actual bookings were approximately $40 million below our internal forecast. So while we expected some softness, we did not expect the magnitude of weakness in the number of cancellations that occurred during the quarter.

What caused the weak bookings, we believe a combination of excess customer and channel inventory as well as pockets of short-term end demand weakness. What markets have the most inventory. We believe our data center, networking and 5G infrastructure customers and the associated sales channels continue to have high levels of inventory.

Additionally, some of our cable broadband customers have significant levels of inventory, and they will not be ordering more products for at least a couple of quarters. Most of these customers placed large orders in FY ‘21 or FY ‘22 to lock in capacity and to minimize the risk of supply chain interruption.

As supply constraints have been resolved, many of these customers find themselves with excess inventory and therefore, are delaying new orders or asking to push out or cancel certain backlog. Are any of our target end markets slowing down? We believe there is end demand slowdown in certain parts of the data center and telecommunication markets.

For example, our customers that manufacture optical transceivers for the U.S.-based cloud ISPs, are telling us they expect to receive new volume production orders but only at 60% to 70% of the prior year’s levels. We also believe that China PON market demand is currently weak compared to last year.

somewhat offset by moderate support for XGS-PON for the U.S. and European markets. We do not see any slowdowns in defense opportunities or end demand. Are there any notable MACOM-specific issues causing the weak bookings. With the exception of the timing of DoD orders, we believe the weakness is excess inventory and/or short-term end demand related.

As MACOM losing market share, we do not believe we have lost market share or have lost any major customers or programs. Most of our design wins are sole-source sockets based on our products’ performance. Additionally, our design-in activity is strong and the interest in our newest products, very high.

Given the weakness in Q2 bookings, what is our outlook for Q3 and Q4. We have identified which major programs and associated orders are delayed, reduced in scale or canceled. We believe it will take time for customer and channel inventory to return to normal levels Therefore, we expect bookings to remain relatively weak in the next 1 or 2 quarters.

That said, we do expect booking trends will begin to improve in Q3. Where is end demand strong for MACOM, defense, medical, avionics, satellite communications and high-performance compute remain strong. Further, we are confident that our growth potential continues to improve. We have been expanding our SAM and our latest products are compelling.

The near-term weakness should not be confused with the long-term secular growth potential in our 3 core end markets. In summary, the Q2 bookings do not reflect the strength and the depth of MACOM’s portfolio and our long-term growth potential. I hope this extra detail on bookings helps investors understand the current market environment.

Turning to our end markets for fiscal Q2. Industrial and defense revenue was $77.2 million, flat sequentially. Telecom was $53.9 million, down 12.3% sequentially and data center was $38.3 million, down 7.6% sequentially. I’ll note that both IND and data center revenues are up year-over-year and telecom is down year-over-year.

Within Telecom, North America, China and Korea have led in 5G deployments thus far as the number of 5G subscribers increases, additional network densification and capacity expansion will be required to support the associated increase in traffic.

Based on these factors, we do believe 5G will remain a growth opportunity over the next few years, and we will continue to invest in penetrating this market.

Additionally, within our telecom market, fiber-based broadband access networks continue to increase globally, displacing copper and coax based networks, fiber-to-the-home deployments create a very large high-volume market with the total unit shipments of 2.5G and 10G PON approaching 100 million units annually, representing a sizable opportunity for MACOM over the next few years.

Satellite-based broadband networks are seeing a resurgence as a viable alternative or supplement to terrestrial-based systems, Lower [Earth] Orbit, or LEO, satellites configured with mesh network architectures are making global broadband coverage a reality.

Constellations announced by SpaceX, OneWeb, Amazon, Kuiper and Telesat will drive demand for thousands of new LEO satellites over the next few years. To support these systems, new ground station infrastructure is being built along with the associated backhaul fiber network. All of these RF and microwave platforms play directly to MACOM’s strengths.

Turning to the data center. We see new trends emerging fueled by growing bandwidth demand. Today, hyperscale operators are in the early stages of 400G and 800G deployments and 1.6T is following closely behind.

The technical challenges for high-speed mixed-signal ICs in systems designed associated with these higher-speed nodes grows more complex with each successive generation.

This has a number of positive implications for our business, artificial intelligence and machine learning are just beginning to be deployed, which will drive the next wave of growth within the data center. Finally, we see the defense market as a growth opportunity for MACOM in so many areas.

Radar, communication systems and electronic warfare requirements across space, airborne, shipborne and ground-based platforms can drive significant growth for our type of semiconductor products.

In summary, our target markets contain significant growth drivers, and we believe our differentiated technology will provide MACOM a competitive advantage to capture market share. I’d like to review some major accomplishments across the business during Q2.

As previously announced, we released 2 production, our 0.14 GaN on silicon carbide semiconductor process. Today, we have approximately 20 new mimic designs being processed in the Fab. Initially, the target applications will be high-volume shipborne and airborne radar programs and various SATCOM and telecommunication systems.

On a related note, our Fab equipment team has recently completed the installation of a new backside via ETCH tool and an Atomic Layer Deposition or ALD tool to support this and other next-generation GaN processes. During the quarter, we made our first production shipments from our new Bulk Acoustic Wave, or BAW, filter product line.

Our BAW growth strategy is to focus on high-performance applications in industrial telecommunications and defense applications. In March, our technical team successfully demonstrated the performance of a newly designed high-power transmitter subarray panel. This was an important contract milestone, and we will now begin work on the full array.

We expect this program will lead to similar opportunities in the next 12 to 24 months. Notably, this transmitter is designed with almost 100% MACOM RF content. A few trends in the data center market include we are seeing demand -- a demand decline for NRZ products as new systems are moving, boring more to PAM4.

Covering product demand for 100G AOCs as well as 100G CWDM4 and LR4 is weak. We expect this to continue for 1 or 2 more quarters. We are seeing strengthening production demand and growth in 100G DR1, 400G and 800G. Most of this demand is supporting AI and high-performance computing applications.

During the past few months, we have secured numerous design wins for laser drivers and TIAs for 400G-ZR and ZR light to support coherent systems for data center campus applications.

And a few notable items on the RF power products, we have been selected by a Tier 1 defense prime to support an L-band radar program with a custom-designed amplifier subassembly. We expect this large program will begin to ramp production within the next 6 months.

We expanded our pure carbide portfolio to include products specifically designed for industrial, RF power cooking and heating applications and STMicroelectronics delivered FET devices from its newly qualified GaN on silicon process.

This material will enable us to design our next-generation GaN silicon amplifier products to support low power and lower-cost RF amplifier applications.

And during Q2, we received numerous initial orders that have significant long-term revenue potential, including an IC design contract to support a long-range automotive FMCW, LiDAR application, a pilot order from a Tier 1 base station OEM for a new 5G massive MIMO front-end module, and initial diode orders from both Japanese and German customers to support their new tactical radio production programs.

In March, we attended the Optical Fiber Conference, or OFC, where we highlighted our newest products and hosted 8 live product demonstrations at our booth. One demonstration, which gained a lot of attention was our linear drive products that support single mode and multimode PAM4 architectures at 800G.

The linear drive architecture enables power savings compared to retime solutions and a significant cost reduction due to the elimination of the DSP chip from the optical module. Our demonstration showcased 800G link performance and interoperability with Broadcom’s Tomahawk 5 switch using OSFP modules designed by Eoptolink , Hisense and Cloud Light.

The demonstrations confirmed to post FEC error-free operation with multiple orders of magnitude margin over the standards requirements. Additionally, we demonstrated NVIDIA’s 800G modules, which we believe will be ideal for applications like artificial intelligence, machine learning and high-performance computing.

The linear drive architecture is protocol independent and can support InfiniBand, Ethernet as well as other low-latency interconnects. We believe our first-to-market linear drive products and associated intellectual property positioned us for growth as this new architecture is adopted.

Before I turn the discussion over to Jack, I would like to review 2 recent acquisitions. In early March, we completed the acquisition of Linearizer Communications Group, a private company located in Hamilton, New Jersey.

Linearizer is expert in microwave pre-distortion linearization, microwave electronics for satellite payloads and microwave photonic subsystems, or RF over fiber for defense applications. Linearizer are designed and manufactures custom products for space, SATCOM and defense customers.

Their customers are primarily U.S.-based, and the revenues will be reported as part of our industrial and defense and telecommunication market segments. I’m excited to welcome the entire Linearizer team to MACOM.

Linearizer is a well-run, profitable business with great management, great employees, great technology and customers and a 31-year track record of success.

By combining our proprietary semiconductor technology with their component and subsystem design expertise, we can create even more differentiated solutions for our combined customers and further penetrate the relevant markets. Together, we make a powerful combination.

And in January, we announced a definitive agreement to acquire the assets of OMMIC, a semiconductor manufacturer located outside of Paris, France. The transaction has a few more hurdles to clear. And currently, we expect to close in our fiscal third quarter.

This acquisition of key manufacturing capabilities and technologies will expand our millimeter wave frequency gas and GaN portfolio, increase our wafer manufacturing capacity with an operational 3-inch and idle 6-inch production line add epitaxial growth expertise, bolster our European presence and strengthen our Mimics semiconductor process and IC design teams.

This acquisition supports our strategic goal to establish a leadership position in very high frequency, semiconductor mimic processes and products. Jack will now provide a more detailed review of our financial results..

first, we are pleased to have closed the Linearizer acquisition in March, and we are working to integrate the team with MACOM. We expect that Linearizer will not have a significant short-term impact on our revenue and will be modestly accretive to our bottom line.

Over the long term, when combined with MACOM’s brand and infrastructure, we believe the business will offer long-term growth opportunities. We are excited to welcome the linearizer team to MACOM. Second, we continue to work toward the closing of OMMIC with its differentiated technology and dedicated workforce.

As previously discussed, in the short term and following the closing of the transaction, we do not expect that OMMIC will have a meaningful impact on our revenue and then it will be slightly dilutive to our EPS. However, over the long term, as we invest in the business, we expect it will provide growth and profitability and drive stockholder value.

Additionally, I’d like to note that we continue to make progress with our new product introductions and have plans to release 30% more products this fiscal year compared to last year, which we expect will support revenue growth over the long term.

Also, during the June quarter, we are looking forward to updating our 5-year annual strategic plan, which has historically included a comprehensive plan to expand our SAM, develop our technical capabilities and grow our product portfolio.

We view this as an important process where we develop an in-depth plan and set goals across the entire business to build on our strong financial foundation, setting growth, profitability and investment targets for the next 5 years.

And finally, given the current business environment, we plan to carefully manage our expenses during the second half of the fiscal year. I will now turn the discussion back over to Steve..

Thank you, Jack. MACOM expects revenue in fiscal Q3 to be in the range of $145 million to $150 million. Adjusted gross margin is expected to be in the range of 59% to 61%, and adjusted earnings per share is expected to be between $0.52 and $0.56 based on 71.5 million fully diluted shares.

This guidance does not include any revenue contributions or financial impact from the planned OMMIC acquisition. In Q3, we expect industrial and defense revenues to be up and data center and telecom revenues to be down for the reasons we’ve previously discussed. As I’ve noted, we maintain a long-term perspective on executing our strategy.

Our product portfolio is stronger than it was a year ago, and we are confident we can meet or exceed our targets. Finally, as we model our second half financials, we expect our full year FY ‘23 revenues and earnings to be down approximately 4% to 5% and gross margins to be over 60%. I would now like to ask the operator to take any questions..

[Operator Instructions] And our first question coming from the line up Matt Ramsay with Cowen..

Yes. I guess the first question, Steve, if you could spend -- and we appreciate, by the way, the detail and the extra stuff in the script about the near-term trends. I realize there’s a lot going on in the macro.

So what I’m really interested in is just it does not surprise me, I guess, that given the macro environment that you guys have had some pushouts of orders. What I’m really trying to understand is the orders that turned into full-on cancellations.

Did that surprise you anything different going on there other than just sort of inventory digestion? I mean the things that you make oftentimes are single source and have extremely low obsolescence risk.

So I’m just trying to understand, is this -- should we read all of this as just a temporary push out of a whole bunch of programs and things will resume? Or were there real program cancellations that we could -- we should consider? And if so, in what segment?.

Thanks for the question, Matt. So first, I would say that the cancellations that we’ve had probably fall into 2 categories. The first would be customers managing their inventory and exposure, which we would put in the category of normal business operations given the climate today.

And then the second category would be more along the lines that customers have decided to cancel the programs or they lost business. And so they were truly eliminating the demand, let’s say, for those products, for those programs.

We saw most of that in older networking programs that we’ve been supporting, I would say, where typically, those products also would be in the category of noncancelable and not returnable. So oftentimes when we see those type of cancellations there’s associated cancellation fees.

So those are really the 2 categories that I would call out regarding the cancellations I think the total dollar value is in the range of about $10 million, a little over $10 million in the period, which is abnormally high. It should be close to 0 on a regular basis. So yes, we were surprised by those cancellations.

And we think over time, that number will drive to 0..

Got it. Thank you for that color. Steve. I guess this is my follow-up question, you guys -- you said there at the end of the script that you’re expecting revenue for the year down 4%. So that would imply, I think, a little bit of a bounce back, but not much in the September quarter. So maybe from the $147.5 million to $150 million ballpark.

Is that sort of the right math? And then how do we -- how do you guys think about the recovery from here back to some level of normal run rate business? Is this -- and if you have any visibility at all there on timing of any recovery by segment, that would be helpful.

I understand that a lot of this is moving quickly and some of the things that happened in order bookings in the last quarter were unexpected, but we’re just trying to get a -- just a ballpark sense of timing to recovery here would be really helpful..

Thanks, Matt. So I think I’d just like to highlight first that it’s very important that we do talk about bookings. And Jack and I have been reporting the book-to-bill ratios for now about 4 years. And we think that’s probably one of the most important metrics to discuss on these quarterly calls.

What we’ve seen over the past 4 years is certainly a lot of strength in the bookings back in fiscal 2020, our book-to-bill ratio was about 1.1, close to 1.2. in fiscal ‘21, it was about 1.2. And then last year -- last fiscal year, it was 1.1. So all of that suggests that there is growing demand, growing interest in MACOM’s products.

It also, over that same period, allowed us to build a very, very strong backlog for times like this when things start to slow down. There was a period, I think, towards the end of we had a backlog over $400 million.

And what we’ve seen in really the first quarter where we had a 0.9 book-to-bill and then the second quarter of 0.5, we’ve seen our backlog come down, but it’s still around $300 million. So we still have a significant amount of backlog. And this is high-quality backlog within 12 months delivery.

And so we have pretty good -- when we talked about this quarter and even next quarter in light of the weak bookings, we still have a lot of confidence in our ability to execute and deliver and hit the targets we want to.

And so we did think it would be helpful to provide some directional information about the fourth quarter to give investors comfort that we are still in a very strong position. So I just wanted to highlight that. And by the way, as you know, the factors that drive bookings are certainly manufacturing cycle times. We’ve seen those coming down.

Inventory levels at customers is high, so they’re ordering less. And then, of course, the risk buys for new programs. We are seeing a lot of smaller orders coming in that are really targeting new programs that will ramp not only towards the end of our fiscal year, but the beginning of next.

So when we add all of that up and then we look at our sales forecast, we do think things will slowly improve. We don’t think it’s going to be a rapid return to, let’s say, strong bookings because we do have to work through the inventory situation that we’re currently looking at.

So I think I -- the comments that I made in my prepared remarks about the trends improving is probably as far as I want to go. We don’t know what Q4 bookings will be. We’ll have to wait and see. There is certainly a lot of uncertainty around the markets.

But I think what’s very important for today is investors understand that we’re sitting on a very strong backlog.

And when we apply a conservative book-to-bill on top of that, we think year-over-year, we should be able to achieve between 4% and 5% decline in revenue, which is not ideal, but I think it’s a reasonable outcome given the market environment..

And our next question is coming from the line of Tom O’Malley from Barclays..

I also appreciate the script where you guys took all the good ones earlier. So thanks for making us think a little bit today. But I just wanted to ask, I think Matt just covered the revenue side. But if you do the math on the earnings, down 5% implies a pretty good step up in the gross margin for September as well.

Could you just address, one, do you think that the June 60% is the bottom from a gross margin perspective? And then just given the fact that, that revenue is kind of flattish at that midpoint of 4% to 5%, how do you get that leverage of a couple of hundred basis points going into September from a gross margin perspective?.

Tom, this is Jack. So just as we looked out over Q3, I think the midpoint of the guide is that 60% number and going into Q4, we haven’t gotten down to that granular level, but it would probably be somewhat consistent with that at that lower revenue volume.

And obviously, we’ve seen a bit of a step down here in the June quarter versus the March quarter that we just completed from an overall gross margin point of view. I think a majority of that is volume related. We’ve been very pleased with the gross margins that we’ve had, which have exceeded 60%, I think, going back over the past 9 or 10 quarters.

And I would also highlight with the revenue levels that we’ve put out there for the upcoming June quarter, if you look back to a comparable period from MACOM, it probably goes back to the end of 2020 or early 2021. And and our gross margins were probably in the mid-50s at that point in time.

So there’s been quite a bit of things that we’ve done structurally to improve the gross margins the past couple of years, which we’ve obviously seen that in the incremental increases that we saw in the past. So if we can get that top line volume back, that will help support improvements in gross margins.

And then one of the other items that we’ve talked about is the new product introductions that we’ve had over the past number of years. That has also helped. Obviously, new product introductions will continue as we go forward, and that will further support improvements in the gross margins as we get into fiscal year ‘24 and beyond..

Helpful. And then I kind of have one out of left field here. But you guys, I’m not sure intentionally or not didn’t mention the chips act in the script, and that’s something that you brought up in the past. Obviously, it seems that things are moving a little sideways there.

Can you just talk about your current efforts there? What you’re hearing from the government? And if you still view that as something that you would like to participate in, in terms of receiving the funds..

Thank you for the question on the chips act. So as we’ve said previously, we are active. And on previous calls, we outlined our strategy and approach in what we were looking for because we have engaged the government and submitted various paperwork, we are under a bit of a GAG order -- sort of on a go-forward basis.

We really can’t talk about -- and won’t talk about in public the details associated with our strategy now that we’ve engaged the government. So other investors should know we’re looking for opportunities, but we really can’t go into any details going forward..

And our next question coming from the line of Harsh Kumar with Piper Sandler..

Okay. Thank you for all the color. This is super helpful. I had a quick question, Steve. First of all, at $145 million and let’s say $150 million that you’re suggesting in revenues for September -- I’m sorry, the [June] and the September quarter.

Is it fair to say that you are massively or significantly under shipping or is just to sell to, in other words, you’re burning the excess inventory? And do you think this kind of level is a good enough number to burn the excesses let’s say, by the end of the September quarter? Or will you have some excess inventory as you get into the next fiscal year?.

So Harsh, I think we are under shipping in certain areas. So generally, yes, but it’s also very difficult for us to get a sense of what might happen in the September quarter. I can tell you that we are being more aggressive looking at what we call the point-of-sale report and the sell-through within all of our sales channels.

So we’re becoming very, very focused on looking at that data on a more regular cadence, let’s say, because that is such an important factor. I would also add, which is sort of aligns to your question that we want to bring our channel inventory down, and that is part of our strategy in the back half as well. And so that is factored into our guidance..

Fair enough. And then from the other one, Steve, you mentioned sort of 2 categories of products. You mentioned cable and China PON as having several quarters of inventory where the recovery might be more longer term. So I guess it begs the question almost that seems to spill into next year fiscal year.

Is that a fair assessment of that particular business? And then part two of that question is a lot of the analysts that follow your stock also follow some of the compute companies. So AMD reported not too long ago, I think 1 or 2 days ago and NVIDIA both suggesting that compute data center seems to be bottoming.

And I guess I’m trying to string your statement with what they’re seeing whereas you’re saying, hey, things are going to slow down a little bit. Those guys are saying things are going to accelerate a little bit. Is that just a timing difference? Or yes, let’s just leave it to that.

Is that just a timing difference? Or is there something else going on in your opinion? I’d love to get your views..

Sure. So on the first part of your question regarding cable infrastructure and broadband as well as China PON, I think in the case of cable, that is going to have a slower recovery than the PON market. So we would expect going into next year to be at higher volumes or healthier environment for PON.

We think cable will be stretched out a little bit more, mainly because we know our lead customers, and there’s multiple customers are sitting on significant inventory. So they have to burn that through. We think we’ll be seeing orders in about 2 quarters to help us set up for fiscal ‘24.

And then regarding your question on compute and specifically sort of high high-performance compute. That is a very active area for MACOM, as I talked about in the script, especially our chips supporting 800G applications.

These are typically less than 100 meters, less than 500 meters and inside the data center where our customers want to move high volumes of high-speed data. And so that’s an area where we are seeing some strength.

But unfortunately, that strength is muted by the slowdown with CWDM4, a lot of the SR programs, a lot of the NRZ programs that we’ve been involved with in the past. So the weakness outside of, let’s say, the higher speed PAM4 area is causing our data center revenues to, in aggregate, be down significantly in Q3 and in Q4.

But that doesn’t speak to what we think will be a really nice setup for next year as our customers are pushing us to ship and ramping up on those higher speed programs. As I mentioned in the script, we feel like we are in a leadership position there. These are products that were not just developed within the last 12 months.

These are products that we’ve been working on for over 2 years. For us to be able to demonstrate operating modules at OFC with the Tomahawk 5 switch, which suggests that we have been working deeply with not only module manufacturers, but also switch manufacturers and to your point, companies like NVIDIA..

And our next question coming from the line of Quinn Bolton from Needham & Company..

I’ll echo the thanks for the color on the bookings trends by end market.

I guess, Steve, maybe just if you could help us what is the normal backlog position for the company, if you’re $300 million today, that looks like it’s about 1.5 quarters of forward revenue, is that a more normal position as backlog, normal backlog, perhaps even lower than that?.

So that’s a great question. And I guess the answer would be, you could never have enough backlog. And over the past 4 years, every -- almost every quarter and almost every fiscal year, we’ve been driving that number up.

And so with all the things we’re doing with growth in terms of new products, improving our SAM, launching proprietary technologies, we would expect over time, over the long term, that backlog is always going up. And so that is our expectation. And when we don’t see that happening, we’re disappointed.

And I think Jack has also sort of talked about over the past year or so that we have been consistently hitting record backlog numbers. And we -- as we’ve also talked about, mentioned that about 20% of our revenue is coming from new products.

So what’s clearly driving the growth is all the great things our engineers are doing within the business units to put very compelling products in the market. So I would say there is not a normal level. The number should always be going up. And when it’s not going up, we are pedaling twice as fast to make sure it does go up.

And so -- you can be sure that our sales teams, our business unit, our leadership, we are on the road, we’re engaging customers, and we’re early -- about 2 quarters ago, I highlighted the priorities for this fiscal year, and one of them was taking market share.

And so we’ll do that by engaging our customers at their facilities and having our apps teams and designers doing custom designs for them. And so all of those good things are happening, and it’s our expectation that over the long term, that number always goes up..

Understood. And then a more specific question on data center. You’ve talked now for several quarters about weakness in the NRZ, the CWDM4 for the short reach. It sounds like that business will offset some of the strength in 800 gig or the PAM4 side of the business.

But as you get into the June and September quarters, with that business continuing to decline, can you give us any sense what percentage of the data center business would still be represented by those NRZ or kind of more legacy products exiting this fiscal year? Is that still something you would expect to be an overhang or a headwind in fiscal ‘24? Or is it down to pretty in consequential levels by the end of fiscal ‘23 that you really set up for growth in the 400, 800 gig PAM, the direct drive, the equalizers and some of the newer data center products..

Yes. So certainly, the NRZ is becoming a smaller percentage of the total. And a lot of that business is China-centric as they’re building out in deploying modules at our 25G short-reach type either AOCs or pluggables. And so it’s not clear to us when that eventually goes to 0, let’s say. We would expect, at some point, it becomes a de minimis amount.

That might happen over the next 12 months, it may take 2 or 3 years. We just don’t know.

So I can tell you that when we think about deploying R&D resources, we want to always be working on the highest-speed applications as we talked about earlier and also taking some of those same resources and getting them engaged in other markets, including telecom and defense.

And as we’ve talked about over the long term, we believe that industrial and defense and telecom will outgrow the data center end market primarily because there are so many differentiated opportunities in those other markets..

And our next question coming from Tore Svanberg from Stifel..

Yes. I just had a question back on the sort of consumption level especially in data center and telecom? Because based on my math and sort of directionally how you think about the business in the June quarter, it looks like both data center and Telecom will be down about 20%, 30% sequentially.

So what are some of the areas that are potentially now running below consumption? And where -- what are some of the segments where you still think there’s going to be some excess inventory exiting the June quarter?.

Right. So Tore, thanks for the question. You’re right. And as we move from Q2 to Q3, as I highlighted, we believe industrial and defense will be up sequentially, perhaps 9% to 10% and certainly over 10% year-over-year. So we’re happy about that. Telecom and data center will be down, data center probably more down than the telecom.

As we’ve talked about a lot of the legacy NRZ programs are dragging the aggregate number down. In telecom, the areas that are weaker, certainly 5G pretty much across the board, whether it’s on the optical side or on the RF side. Metro/Long-haul, where we have a very strong position is also going to be weak in the next -- in this current quarter.

And I would say that cable TV that we talked about before is also an area of weakness. So when we think about what’s going to happen in the September quarter and when inventories sort of level off, it’s very difficult for us to say.

And that’s why we’ve sort of highlighted that we do expect our Q3 bookings to begin to improve, and that is a leading indicator of inventories coming down across all the markets, but I think it’s just too early to be specific on what actually might happen this quarter.

I mean as you saw in Q2, there was a significant reduction in bookings and so we have to let things play through here..

No, that’s great color. And then on your own internal inventories, I think you said you intend to bring that down throughout the year. The inventory days stand at 187 right now.

So do you have a target either by days or by dollars that we should track?.

Yes, Tore, this is Jack. We’re targeting to bring that down. Obviously, it’s going to depend on order flow to some extent as we work our way through this.

We’ve looked at it from a target standpoint, we’re targeting to try and get our inventory turns up above that 2 number that we had for the current quarter, targeting something probably closer to 3 over the long term. We know we’ve got some work to do to get there. We were obviously building some strategic supplies over the past year or so.

We still have those. We do an analysis of our inventory. We feel our inventory is very healthy. And as we work through things over the next couple of quarters, we expect to see some overall reductions. And we also had in the quarter, the linearizer acquisition, which drove a majority of that increase that we had seen quarter-over-quarter.

So that was an acquisition-related activity that drove our number up from an absolute dollars perspective..

And our next question coming from Vivek Arya with Bank of America..

This is Blake Freeman on for Vivek. Just the first one, kind of going back to gross margin. If I look at the last time, sales were down double digits sequentially, gross margins fell much more than 200 basis points that you’re guiding for the June quarter.

So the portfolio has certainly changed since then, but just kind of curious if you can elaborate on what gives you confidence that gross margins won’t see further declines kind of amid the second half challenges..

Sure. Thanks, Blake, for the question. Maybe I’ll make a few comments, and then Jack can add to those comments. So as we talked about, we do have a significant portion of our current quarter in backlog. So that gives us some visibility into the range. And as Jack also highlighted, when we were down at these revenue levels back in fiscal ‘21.

Our gross margins were lower, but we know that the mix is favorable. Our cost structure is favorable. Our ability to execute and the efficiencies within our operations are all favorable. So even at those same revenue levels, we’re seeing a significant improvement in the gross margins.

And of course, the strength of the portfolio is providing a nice tailwind. So with that, maybe, Jack, you could be more specific..

I think that was helpful summary that you had gone through, Steve, once again, we’re in a much better position than we were a number of years ago in terms of how we manage our costs, our flexible manufacturing model where certain of our products are fabbed outside has less of an impact on our overall gross margin.

And even the mix that we have through products that are fab, we’re not a mega fab where a slight dip in revenue can have a more significant impact on the gross margin. So we are somewhat insulated from that perspective versus some of our peers that may be out there that are higher volume operators..

Got it. And then just a quick follow-up as well just on kind of the OpEx side of things. As you kind of just -- as we kind of go through second half headwinds, but also prioritize investment in new product lines, I guess, can you quantify how you think OpEx should trend through the next few quarters and so forth..

I think if you look to the midpoint of our guide, we’re probably in the $50-ish million, which is a bit of a step-up from where we ended this current quarter, which was around $47 million of total OpEx. Some of that is near acquisition coming online for a full quarter, but we will continue to make investments.

We’ve talked about our new product introductions as being an important area for us. So we will continue to focus on making some of those R&D investments where they make sense.

But one thing that we stated many times before, we’ll keep a close eye on our operating expenses as we go forward and make sure we manage those expenses in an appropriate manner..

And our next question coming from the line of David Williams with Benchmark..

So quickly, I wanted to see if maybe you had any color around maybe the CapEx spending plans that you’re seeing within maybe carriers and service providers.

Are you seeing major changes in the CapEx or just maybe just some programs that are being shelved here in the near term?.

Right. Thanks for the question. So I’m probably not the best person to ask that question regarding the sort of what the industries are doing with their capital spending. We have sort of seen directionally that there is increased spending with 5G. It depends on the country, of course. We see that the data centers are continuing to invest.

I mean, they’re having massive layoffs on 1 side of their business, but they’re investing heavily in equipment on the other sides of their business. And so that capital investment will certainly flow down to companies like MACOM.

So I think it’s very difficult for us to sort of talk about those higher level of capital spendings because it’s -- we’re so far removed from how those dollars flow. But I would highlight that there is -- there are secular growth trends that favor MACOM. For example, the defense industry is growing, not only here in the U.S. but also internationally.

All of the -- not all, but many, if not most, of the NATO countries are increasing their spending on defense equipment and they want to build that equipment locally. And so companies like MACOM can support European defense contractors. I talked in the script about participating in some tactical radios for German customers, for example.

And so there’s a tremendous opportunity for us in the defense industry with the technology that we have. When we think about telecom, most of the systems that are being deployed today are moving to higher frequencies.

When you start to look at the number of companies that can support those platforms with high-frequency semiconductors can pretty much count those companies on one hand. And we are one of those companies. And our strategy is to be stronger and be a leader with high-frequency semiconductor technology.

When you layer on top of that our gallium arsenide and GaN, gallium nitride and GaN on silicon carbide capabilities at those higher frequencies. It really starts to look differentiated. So the telecom market is, we believe, going to continue to grow. There’s lots of sort of exciting growth opportunities.

We talked about some of the LEO constellations on the script. And then last, the data center, we want to participate at the highest data rates. And as things become commoditized or moved to lower data rates, that’s when we will step out and we’ll put our R&D resources in other areas.

So -- while we’re not so focused on the capital spending of sort of the end user community, I would highlight that our 3 core markets will have secular growth over the next decade and we’re in a great position to take advantage of that..

It was great color there. And secondly, maybe for a follow-up. Just anything in terms of China and the demand that you’re seeing there? I know there’s -- you touched on this a bit earlier, but just kind of thinking about maybe demand trends or even inventory issues there just around that market would be helpful..

Sure. China is a very important market for us. In the first quarter, about 23% of our revenue or about $40 million was coming from Chinese customers. This past quarter, it was -- the percentage dropped. And so now in absolute dollars, that’s around $33 million. So it’s certainly come down.

I don’t think these numbers represent the potential of that market. I would say right now, it’s a very muted market in the sense that 5G deployments or even a lot of optical module build-outs. There’s a lot of uncertainty around the volumes and sort of what’s going to happen next.

I would generally say -- generally speaking, things are improving as COVID is sort of behind the local economy and now things are opening up, and that’s a positive trend for companies like MACOM. And the last thing I’ll add is that there’s certainly sort of a against U.S.

semiconductor manufacturers selling products into China, and we recognize that, and we will make sure that our strategy addresses that..

And our next question coming from the line Karl Ackerman with BNP Paribas..

Steve and Jack, in your prepared remarks, you noted that your optical transceiver partners have said that new orders would be down 30% to 40% from the prior year. Is that just specific to your own NRZ products? And is that weighted more toward telecom? Or is it more way toward data center? Any color on that would be helpful..

I would say that was a broad statement across all data rates in NRZ and PAM4, sort of excluding the higher-end PAM4 products. And I would say that that’s more heavily weighted towards data center.

We think that when telecom turns on, not only will we have very strong -- we have a very strong position with front haul with our -- not only our electrical products, drivers and TIAs and CDRs but also optical products, including lasers and photo detectors.

And then the last thing I’ll add is that we do think that Metro -- Metro/long-haul business is relatively weak right now, and we think that will start to strengthen in about 1 to 2 quarters..

That’s very helpful. Maybe to dovetail on that last part. You noted growing design wins for 400-gig ZR. So I guess I’m not sure if that’s in reference to this metro opportunity, but could you discuss your opportunity on ZR products over the next maybe even a year or 2 as you’re starting to win some of these designs..

Yes. I mean, it’s certainly very early, but we are -- what we are seeing is customers developing coherent products that will be used in and around the data center. And so we have with our Metro/long-haul technology, which are generally -- these are generally high-end semiconductor processes for long-distance applications.

We are seeing sort of a reset on that technology to apply it to things like 400 ZR light. So it’s primarily in 2 product areas. It is drivers and TIAs. And generally, it’s for applications around 20 to 40 kilometers. That’s sort of how we would classify that segment, let’s say..

Thank you. I’m showing no further questions in the queue at this time. I will now turn the call back over to Mr. Daly for any closing remarks..

Thank you. In closing, I would like to thank all our employees for their hard work and dedication, which made all these results possible. Have a nice day..

Ladies and gentlemen, that does conclude our conference for today. Thank you for your participation. You may now disconnect..