DOCU - NASDAQ

Good afternoon, ladies and gentlemen. Thank you for joining DocuSign’s Fourth Quarter and Full Fiscal Year ‘23 Earnings Conference Call. [Operator Instructions] As a reminder, this call is being recorded and will be available for replay from the Investor Relations section of the website following this call. [Operator Instructions] I will now pass the call over to Heather Harwood, Head of Investor Relations. Please go ahead.

Thank you, operator. Good afternoon, and welcome to the DocuSign Q4 and fiscal year 2023 earnings call. I’m Heather Harwood, DocuSign’s Head of Investor Relations. Joining me on the call today are DocuSign’s CEO, Allan Thygesen; and our CFO, Cynthia Gaylor. The press release announcing our fourth quarter and fiscal year 2023 results was issued earlier today and is posted on our Investor Relations website. Now, let me remind everyone that some of our statements on today’s call are forward-looking. We believe our assumptions and expectations related to these forward-looking statements are reasonable, but they are subject to known and unknown risks and uncertainties that may cause our actual results or performance to be materially different. In particular, our expectations regarding the pace of digital transformation and factors affecting customer demand are based on our best estimates at this time and are therefore subject to change. Please read and consider the risk factors in our filings with the SEC, together with the content of this call. Any forward-looking statements are based on our assumptions and expectations to date. And except as required by law, we assume no obligation to update these statements in light of future events or new information. During this call, we will present GAAP and non-GAAP financial measures. In addition, we provide non-GAAP weighted average share count and information regarding free cash flows and billings. These non-GAAP measures are not intended to be considered in isolation from, a substitute for or superior to our GAAP results. We encourage you to consider all measures when analyzing our performance. For information regarding our non-GAAP financial information, the most directly comparable GAAP measures and a quantitative reconciliation of those figures, please refer to today’s earnings press release, which can be found on our website at investor.docusign.com. I’d now like to turn the call over to Allan. Allan?

Thanks, Heather, and good afternoon, everyone. Our fourth quarter marked my first full quarter as DocuSign’s CEO. Having led our organization for five months with the opportunity to meet many of our customers, partners and employees, I’m even more optimistic today about the future of DocuSign. We had a solid finish to a transitional year, delivering across key financial metrics in Q4 while making tangible progress against our key priorities. Q4 total revenue came in at $660 million, up 14% versus prior year, finishing the year with $2.5 billion of revenue and 19% year-on-year growth. Driven by our continued focus on profitability and efficiency, we reported 24% non-GAAP operating margin for the quarter and 21% for the year. While we are pleased with our Q4 results, I also want to acknowledge today’s challenging macro environment. Customer sentiment continues to be cautious, and that is reflected in moderated expansion rates. Before we get further into business updates, I want to acknowledge today’s news that Cynthia Gaylor has decided to step down from her role as Chief Financial Officer. Cynthia has been with DocuSign for nearly 4.5 years, first as a Board member and Chair of our Audit Committee and last few years as our CFO. I know many of you know Cynthia well and gotten to know her even better over time as part of the DocuSign story. I want to thank Cynthia for her unwavering commitment and strategic leadership these last few years. She’s been a great partner to me during my first month as CEO, and she’s been instrumental to the company and the Board as we’ve navigated a period of dynamic change while laying a strong foundation for sustainable profitable growth at scale. I thank her for her support during the transition as we search for a successor. Let me turn back to the business. During Q4, we refined and communicated DocuSign strategy throughout our organization to drive greater alignment on how our teams can deliver more strategic value to our customers. Today, we have a clearly defined strategy in place. To underscore the key pillars of our strategic vision, inspired by customer feedback, our focus is to deliver smarter, easier and trusted agreements. We’re improving the reach and efficiency of our go-to-market by developing a world-class self-serve experience, strengthening our direct sales productivity and amplifying our sales and marketing partnerships. We’re also strengthening our internal operational efficiency by optimizing and modernizing systems and processes. Now, it’s important to emphasize that even as the market leader in e-signature, we are just at the beginning of capitalizing on the opportunities to redefine and truly reimagine what a smarter agreement looks like. Today eSign provides an online replica of a static document. While that is a huge improvement in convenience and productivity for senders and signers, it’s hardly the endpoint. Just like creating digital copies of maps or recorded music was the beginning of a reimagination of long-established categories, fundamentally altering creation, distribution and use. Our goal is to turn flat agreements into structured data that can be used to make intelligent decisions. Value of an agreement is in the data. Every step of an agreement can deliver more value when it’s automated, intelligent and seamlessly integrated into core business systems. DocuSign is uniquely positioned to redefine the agreement processes across every industry. Along these lines, we released several new product enhancements during the fourth quarter, including expanded integrations to better collaborate with Microsoft Teams, Slack and

Thanks, Allan, for the kind words. I’d like to start off by thanking our employees [Technical Difficulty] execution. We closed out the year strong, and I’m proud to share that we achieved an impressive milestone for the Company, delivering $2.5 billion of revenue for the fiscal year, reflecting 19% growth year-on-year. Our Q4 results were solid, demonstrating the durability in our business model and DocuSign’s important position in the broader ecosystem. While we are pleased with our results and execution in Q4, we continue to experience a challenging macro environment with softening demand trends, including moderating expansion rates. However, we are seeing healthy results as customers recognize that DocuSign offers high ROI applications that are easy to use, efficient and cost effective. With that, let me turn to our Q4 and fiscal ‘23 results. For the fourth quarter, total revenue increased 14% year-over-year to $660 million, and subscription revenue grew 14% year-over-year to $644 million. Total revenue for the year reached $2.5 billion, a 19% increase over last year and subscription revenue was $2.4 billion, a 20% year-over-year increase. Our international revenue grew 19% year-over-year to reach $165 million in the fourth quarter. For the full year, international revenue grew 29% to $260 million, representing 25% of total revenue for both periods. Fourth quarter billings rose 10% year-over-year to $739 million. For the full year, billings increased 13% to $2.7 billion. We added approximately 30,000 new customers during the quarter, bringing our total installed base to $1.36 million at the end of the year, a 16% increase year-over-year. This includes the addition of approximately 9,000 direct customers to reach a total direct customer base of 211,000, a 24% year-over-year increase. We also saw a 27% year-over-year increase in customers with an annualized contract value greater than $300,000, reaching a total of 1,080 customers. Dollar net retention was 107% for the quarter. The headwinds we’ve highlighted over the last couple of quarters continued to persist. And as a result, we are seeing muted growth in our expansion rates. We expect this to continue into Q1, and as a result, would expect the dollar net retention in Q1 to trend lower. Non-GAAP gross margin for the fourth quarter was 83% compared with 81% a year ago. For the full year, gross margin was 82%, in line with last quarter. Fourth quarter subscription gross margin was 85%, consistent with last year. For the full year, subscription gross margin was also 85%, flat versus prior years. Q4 non-GAAP operating income reached $155 million compared with $104 million last year. Non-GAAP operating margin was 24% compared to 18% last year. For the full year, non-GAAP operating income rose 23% to $570 million and operating margin was 21% versus 20% in fiscal 2022. In Q4, we saw lower expenses for employee-related costs related to the workforce reduction announced in September, which contributed to the strong operating margin in the quarter. Non-GAAP net income for Q4 was $133 million compared with $100 million in the fourth quarter of last year. For the full year, non-GAAP net income was $419 million, up from $411 million in fiscal ‘22, a growth rate of 2% year-over-year. As noted on our Q1 call last year, we introduced a non-GAAP tax rate on our non-GAAP net income calculation for fiscal ‘23 as we reached consistent non-GAAP profits for the prior three years. We are using a non-GAAP tax rate of 20% for fiscal 2023 and fiscal ‘24. Q4 non-GAAP EPS was $0.65, while full year non-GAAP EPS was $2.03. Let me take this opportunity to share a bit more context regarding the recent restructuring. As Allan mentioned, this was a difficult decision and one not made lightly, but it was an important decision aligned with our strategy to reshape the Company and free up resources to invest in critical areas across our innovation and product development efforts. As we outlined in the filing last month, we expect to incur related restructuring charges ranging from $25 million to $35 million, with the majority of the expenses and related cash to be incurred in Q1 of this year, with the restructuring substantially completed by the end of the second quarter. We ended Q4 with 7,336 employees compared to 7,461 last year. Operating cash flow in the quarter grew 56% year-over-year to $137 million, representing a 21% margin. This compares with $88 million, a 15% margin in the same quarter a year ago. Free cash flow for the quarter was $113 million, a 17% margin compared to $70 million, a 12% margin in the year prior, a 61% increase year-over-year. As we mentioned on our last call, we went live with a new ERP in Q3 which delayed some of our cash collections last quarter. As a result, we saw strong cash collections this quarter in addition to lower restructuring cash payments on a relative basis. For the full year, operating cash flow was $507 million, representing a 20% margin compared to $506 million, a 24% margin a year ago. Free cash flow declined 4% year-over-year to $429 million, a 17% margin compared to $445 million, a 21% margin to fiscal 2022. We exited Q4 with more than $1.2 billion in cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash and investments. With that, let me turn to our Q1 and fiscal ‘24 guidance. As a reminder, on our Q3 earnings call, we provided a preliminary outlook for fiscal ‘24. We are pleased to narrow the preliminary range we provided, incorporating our Q4 landing and the dynamics of the current environment into our guidance. We anticipate the macro environment will remain challenging as we move through the year. And as Allan mentioned, we may also see modest near-term disruption as we realign our sales force and shift to more of a self-serve motion. For the first quarter and fiscal year ‘24, we anticipate total revenue of $639 million to $643 million in Q1 or growth of 9% year-over-year. And $2.695 billion to $2.707 billion for fiscal ‘24 or growth of 7% to 8% year-over-year. Of this, we expect subscription revenue of $625 million to $629 million in Q1 or growth of 10% to 11% year-over-year. And $2.633 billion to $2.645 billion for fiscal ‘24 or growth of 8% year-over-year. For billings, we expect $615 million to $625 million in Q1 or flat to 2% growth year-over-year and $2.705 billion to $2.725 billion for fiscal ‘24 or growth of 2% year-over-year. We expect non-GAAP gross margin to be 81% to 82% for both, Q1 and the fiscal year. We expect non-GAAP operating margin to reach 21% to 22% for Q1 and 21% to 23% for fiscal ‘24. We expect non-GAAP fully diluted weighted average shares outstanding of $207 million to $212 million for both Q1 and fiscal ‘24. Fiscal ‘23 was a year of transition, and we are pleased with our execution and the progress we are making as we navigate a challenging macro environment. We remain committed to delivering sustainable growth and profitability at scale, and we will continue to be disciplined with our investments across strategic priorities. We are focused on delivering long-term value to our customers, partners, employees and shareholders. Looking ahead, we are encouraged by the steps we are taking and look forward to updating you on our progress as we move forward. The journey to $2.5 billion has been hard work and a testament to the compelling value proposition DocuSign brings to our customers. Together, we have played an important role in how the world agrees. I look forward to the future. And finally, I’ll be here a little while longer, as Allan said, so no goodbye’s for now. And with that, we will open up the call for questions. Operator?

Thank you. [Operator Instructions] One moment, please, we will be polled for questions. Our first question comes from Brad Sills with Bank of America.

Oh, great. Thank you. Cynthia, congratulations on your next move. It’s been a pleasure working with you. I wanted to ask one on the moderating expansion activity that you saw during the quarter. Was it a certain cohort of customer where you saw that? Was it across the board? Was it in that enterprise cohort or just the broader base? Just any color on that? And any segments that you might have seen that occur? Thank you.

Thanks, Brad. Yes. So, I think on the expansion rate, I think it’s a continuing trend that we’ve been talking about from -- over the last few quarters, which is, as the book of business has grown and the macro environment has softened, the rate at which customers are expanding is slowing. So that growth rate and expansion is slowing. And so, I would say, there wasn’t a big change in Q4 relative to the couple of quarters before but it is a continuing trend that’s putting some pressure on the top line. On the cohorts, we actually do, do a lot of analysis on the cohorts. And I would say some of the cohorts are probably expanding at a slower rate and some are moderating the rate at which they’re expanding. But I’d say overall, it’s having the same impact. And part of it is, as we’ve talked about in past quarters, is a little bit of a law of large numbers as that book of business gets bigger, you need more and more expansion dollars to move in. And so customers are still expanding. But when you look at the top line, that’s probably the biggest factor kind of impacting the compression of some of those growth rates.

Our next question is from Brent Thill with Jefferies.

Allan, just on the sales overhaul. Can you just talk to how long you expect this to send kind of wake turbulence through the sales organ when you feel like you kind of resume full strength? And I had a quick follow-up for Cynthia. Just as it relates to the billings growth decel from 13% to 2%. Can you just give us a sense of kind of what you’re factoring into that?

I’ll go first. Thanks, Brent. I think on the sales force, so I’d say, I think we are in a significantly more stable situation than 6, 12 months ago. Attrition rates have slowed. We’ve got, I think, a pretty full team in place. Steve has done a very nice job with that. There’s more better execution, better predictability. Part of what gave us the confidence to take the restructuring action was in fact that and that we could see what our sales capacity was, and we felt we had a little bit of excess capacity there as well as a keen understanding of where we could deinvest and free up resources to invest elsewhere. So, we’re being cautious in saying there could be a little bit of disruption as some of the -- particularly the very low end, some of the business that might previously have had a little bit of human touch, we’ll try to do that more particularly through our self-serve motion. But I think that should play out in a relatively very quick order over 1 to 2 quarters. But I think the sales force is actually in the best place it’s been for a while. We just had our global kickoff last week in I think I’m presenting them saying that they’re incredibly energized by the road map. And they all have slightly larger territories, now too. So, it’s a very positive feel I think, throughout the sales team.

I’ll take the billings question. But before I do that, I realize I misspoke on international revenue. So just to clarify, international revenue grew 29% to $620 million. I think I said $250 million, just a clarification there. On the billings question, I think it’s related to a couple of things. One is, as we talked about last quarter, we’re expecting a slower start to the year. I think when you look at the macro environment, we certainly haven’t gotten better and you could probably sense just maybe gotten a little bit worse. And on top of that, we have made some changes to the fields, which we think could cause some disruption. So I think that’s certainly playing into both the revenue and the billings guide we’re giving to the year. I’d also say we always guide to what we can see. I think we can see Q1 better than we can see the rest of the year. But given the 1% guide in Q1, we would expect that to kind of improve as we move through the year and some of the investments we may start to take hold. So I think those are some of the dynamics kind of...

Our next question is from Jackson Ader with SVB.

First one, on the macro environment, how does the macro environment actually impact you? Is it -- is it number of employees at your customers are coming down and so they don’t need as many envelopes? I’d be surprised if it were the DocuSign line item is like getting a bunch of scrutiny and IT budgets or something. But just given the ROI and the traditionally very quick payback, I would think that e-signature would be a place where people are actually like more willing to invest in a tough macro environment. So, how do I square that?

Yes. Thanks for the question. The first thing I would say is the overall macro environment just affects businesses of all sizes and their ability and willingness to spend on all kinds of software, including ours. But I don’t think we’re particularly more macro sensitive or a little less than others. In terms of the industry mix in the economy, we do have a little bit of over exposure, if you will, to real estate and a few other sectors that have been a little tougher. On the other hand, we are quite diversified and have some real strength in sectors like health and manufacturing, telecommunications. So that’s balancing out. In terms of the value prop, I agree with your statement. I think there’s a very quick payback. I think we’re seeing that. So customers -- and that’s also a key part of DocuSign’s competitive value proposition vis-à-vis other competitors, people tend to respond fast. They’re more likely to respond to an agreement. They’re more -- they’re faster to respond and they have a better positive experience. So overall, I think the macro environment presents some clouds for IT budgets of companies of all sizes. We are seeing maybe a little bit more vertical exposure than the average company but are generally pretty balanced. And I think our value prop remains quite strong.

Okay. All right. Great. And then a very quick follow-up. The -- how much of the like second kind of round of restructuring was factored into the preliminary margin guidance for the year that was given, Cynthia, on last quarter’s call?

Thanks for the question. So to be clear, in the outlook we provided, the most recent restructuring was not factored [Technical Difficulty] we were evaluating the scenarios for this fiscal year as part of our annual plan in areas that we want to invest in across the strategic priorities. But that wasn’t contemplated specifically at the time or baked into the outlook we provided. That being said, I think as we went through the process of the annual [Technical Difficulty] it was clear that we needed more room for investment across the key priorities. And as Allan articulated, the plan is to invest in R&D in particular and innovation and kind of shift some of the investments into that initiative as well as PLG self-serve. So, we were able to come a little bit above the outlook we provided. If you remember in Q3 on margin, we said at the low end of our long-term target range, which is 20% to 22%, the long-term target range as a reminder, is 20% to 25%, and our guide for the year is 21% to 23%. So, we are going to be reinvesting, but we also increased the margin by a little bit.

Our next question is from Tyler Radke with Citi.

Just going back to the sales reorg and kind of the strategy moving forward and the move to a self-serve model. I was just wondering if you could elaborate on that and just kind of what your vision is for the Company? And where do you kind of make the threshold for when a sale becomes self-service? Is it -- is it at a certain deal size, or maybe do you only have salespeople by industry or specialization, like CLM? If you could elaborate on that? And then, just a quick follow-up for Cynthia. Just given that we’ve seen a cumulative risk of close to 20% of the workforce. What -- I guess, why wouldn’t margins be higher for next year? You did about 24% EBIT margin on a non-GAAP basis here in Q4 and I think that was without a lot of the benefits you’re seeing from the cost savings. So I guess, why wouldn’t we see higher margins in that next year, given 20% lower headcount?

Yes. I’ll take the first one. So, just our go-to-market, historically, DocuSign has been very heavily focused on a direct sales motion for customers of all sizes. And we will retain direct sales as our principal go-to-market channel, and it’s a huge strength for the Company, and we certainly want to continue to improve there. But we feel we want to complement it in two areas. One is with the self-serve motion. And that’s not just for little customers. That’s for customers of all sizes. We just think that all customers appreciate an opportunity to self-serve for certain types of activities at all stages of their journey with us. And that -- I’ll come back to that in a second. And then third, we are really focused on maturing our partner go-to-market where we can use distributors and resellers in some international markets, we can partner with ISVs to be directly embedded in their applications. We have significant activity there, what can meaningfully improve. Let me quickly return to the self-serve piece in particular. I want to make sure that it’s clear, we want to stop treating digital and direct sales as separate channels over time. We essentially want to offer all customers the opportunity to self-serve if and when they wish. And I expect many customers will avail themselves of that. And then as a corollary, I want our sales teams to see the self-serve options as a positive complement to their activities. I think that’s what we did at Google, I think that’s Robert did at Atlassian, and I think that’s what a lot of companies that are natively digital in their motion do, and I think we have a tremendous amount of opportunity there. So that’s our overall go-to-market plan. Cynthia, do you want to take the second half?

Sure. Yes. So I totally understand the question. I would say Q4, the 24% margin was higher than probably what our steady rate is for a couple of reasons. One is we had just gone through the fall restructuring. So that really dropped to margin. And then, in addition, the hiring in Q4 was slower than we had anticipated in the quarter. So as we kind of look into this year, we see the opportunity in front of us, and we want to invest into the key pillars of the strategic priorities that Allan talked about, right, in the product, in innovation and then in PLG self-serve. And so, we’re really putting that money from the second restructuring back into the business to really level set against those key areas.

Our next question comes from George Iwanyc with Oppenheimer.

Allan, maybe digging into the product bundling traction you’re seeing, can you give us some color on the adoption rates with SMBs and maybe put that in perspective of what you’re also seeing from competitors?

Yes. So first of all, on a segment basis, and I think Cynthia alluded to this, we have first of all, a very balanced customer portfolio. So, we have a significant SMB and mid-market business and a big emphasis on growing our enterprise business. And I’d say on balance, I don’t know that there’s a huge difference in momentum between those sectors. I know some companies are reporting particular challenges in SMB. I don’t think we’re seeing that. In fact, we had some nice momentum on new accounts in particular. So, I was pleased to see that. I think in terms of -- that was the segment piece. What was the other part of your question?

Just what you think from a competitive perspective on competition.

Okay. There’s no question that over the last three to five years, the market has gotten more competitive. I don’t know that we’re seeing a material change in how competitive it is here in the last few quarters. I think we continue to be the market leader. We don’t spend as much time worrying about what other people are doing, I think we want to really redefine the category and set the direction for the industry. And I think we’re well on our way to doing that. And that’s where we’re focused from a competitive standpoint, if you will. In terms of the tactics, we are looking on pricing and packaging and how can we be as agile as possible by segment, by country. There might be a few countries where we’ve gotten a little too far off the market. And so, we’re looking at that very carefully. I mentioned some bundling opportunities during my prepared remarks. So, we think there’s a lot of opportunities there. There’s some enterprise license agreements. Some of our largest customers, we really want to the ubiquitous eSignature solution for -- in every instance where they want to deploy that. And so we’re in the process of both building out the product to enable that for embedding as well as direct sales and in structuring our license agreements so that that is as attractive as possible for our large clients.

One thing I would just add on the SMB, we could see -- we did see some relative strength there relative -- across our business. And we ran some experiments in Q4, particularly around the bundles or around increasing number of seats. So, we did see kind of a higher volume of SMB deals at lower price points. So, higher volume, lower price, which we thought, especially like in NewCo was a positive sign, as Allan mentioned. So just a little bit more color there.

Our next question is from Scott Berg with Needham & Company.

Congrats on the strong finish to the year. I guess, Allan, I wanted to focus on product strategy going forward because product seems to be a big theme of where you want to invest in going forward. But leveraging off your WebForms comments, how should we think about your product road map maybe over the next, I don’t know, 12 to 24 months? Is it going to be more of a little small add-on solutions like what WebForms is likely to bring at least from what my assumptions are of that product? Or is there an opportunity to see some product that may be a little bit more transformational something that could give your sales and maybe bookings or billings more of an uplift going forward?

Yes. Actually, I think WebForms has a little bit more potential than that. We’re very optimistic because I think it really -- it epitomizes the transformation of agreement with sort of a static representation of a traditional form to completely new customer experiences. And the other thing it does, of course, is it makes it much easier to capture all the meta data around the agreements, which is really where we’re heading in the longer term. As you think about what we want to do is we want to decompose agreements into dynamic objects that can be filled both with data from the customer side and from the signer side. And WebForms is the first step of that process. There’s a lot more coming in the remainder of the year along those lines. So, we’re quite bullish on the cumulative impact of all of those launches. But obviously, version 1.0 will have some gaps. In terms of the transformational piece, I think I touched a little on the AI piece. I -- we have a lot of opportunity there. And so, we have some -- we will be making some announcements on that later this spring, as the beginning of a new product in that area. And over time, I think the work that we’re doing now to completely revamp how we leverage AI is very exciting. So, if you think about the application of AI in the agreement space, a lot of the excitement right now around ChatGPT and the other -- and the competitors are around basically text generation, and that has an obvious analogy to the agreement space of drafting contracts. And we do think that’s very exciting and that there’s value to be captured there, and we will absolutely pursue that. But, if you look at where companies actually find value from agreements, it would be more in the extraction of data and value out of the agreements as well as the search and analytics on that. And you can also apply AI to that. And that’s an area where I think we are uniquely positioned to deliver very compelling value, and we got a number of large customers who are very excited to work with us on that type of next-generation AI activity. I don’t think -- that’s not going to hit in the next couple of quarters. But in terms of the longer-term road map and delivering on our vision, it’s incredibly exciting and could really provide transformational growth.

Our next question is from Rishi Jaluria with RBC Capital Markets.

Two here. First, I wanted to start -- kind of reembracing more of your routes around self-service and PLG. Allan, I think the strategy makes a ton of sense and should actually help yourselves efficiency as well. From a product standpoint, is there anything that you need to do to make kind of that self-service PLG motion more intuitive or easier, especially outside of your mobile customers, right? If we think about even the mid-market customers, there should be a lot more self-service capabilities. Just anything that you need to invest in or expand from a product perspective? And then, I’ve got a follow-up.

Yes. So, first of all, I think, look, when people first hear self-serve, they think of don’t you already have a website and can’t people order on your website. And of course, yes, we do, and yes, they can. But what I’m talking about is a significantly more transformational effort where customers can discover, try, embrace and really deploy products without ever engaging with a DocuSign employee, and we can then engage with them as that potential is demonstrated and expressed and we can apply our sales forces really more efficiently. So, it becomes a huge multiplier for efficiency in our sales teams. And that’s the model that companies like Atlassian has had pioneered over time and very excited to apply that at DocuSign. In terms of how that applies across segments, it’s certainly true that you can imagine an SMB customer basically remaining a purely digital customer, and we would love that. But as customers grow in scope and potential and complexity, then the application of those sales resources becomes both more profitable for us and more necessary for the customer. And so, I do expect a heavier sales component as we -- as you move up market. Mid-market has always been a core strength for us and it remains a really important segment. A lot of our products -- you start there and you sort of grow out from there. So, I think that will remain a critical segment for DocuSign and very relevant for the self-serve -- expanded self-serve motion that I’ve just described.

All right. Wonderful. That’s really helpful. And then on the international front, I recall last quarter, there was kind of a talk of working closer with partners, especially in Japan, right, which is, as you know, very unique geography, especially when it comes to enterprise software. Just wondering if you can give an update specifically on your efforts in Japan and kind of building out the partner ecosystem, especially because at least it feels like your product is viewed as significantly better than the competition, and there’s great branding out in Japan. But a lot of the kind of manual processes that need to be modernized, they feel a little bit behind. So, I would love to kind of think -- I hear how you’re thinking about the Japan opportunity and partners there. Thanks.

Yes. We are in active discussions internally exactly how we want to pursue Japan. I’d say Germany is another market where I don’t think we have fully lived up to our potential. And I agree with you, we’re in a great starting position. Our initial forays into both of those markets were really mostly just a direct sales motion. We didn’t put, I think, quite enough resources behind it and all the other functions, including product and our administrative functions. And as you noted, in markets like Japan, the road is littered with U.S. companies that have tried to go to Japan. So we’re certainly going to be leveraging partners there. So stay tuned. I think we’ll have more to report on both of those countries during the course of fiscal ‘24. But right now, it’s sort of in the planning and decisioning exactly how we’re going to pursue that. But those are definitely strategic priorities within our broader international strategy.

Our next question is from Michael Turrin with Wells Fargo.

Great. I appreciate you taking the question. Can I appreciate the fact that you’re already operating within the stated target range on margin? But I think some of the questions are just digging out a little bit more that it seems like you could potentially push even harder given the product-led growth background, the core efficient base of the business. So, why not do that with a little bit more emphasis here? And what informs the decision around balancing reinvesting into the product versus making sure the cuts you’re making are the right size where you don’t have to potentially go back again and make another tough decision?

Yes. I’d say, first of all, we feel like we have turned the organization pretty well at this point and reallocated resources to where we’d see the highest investment. Look, I agree with you. I think we were not sufficiently efficient from a sales and marketing perspective. I hope to make us more efficient over time. Until I see that, I don’t -- we don’t want to be -- as Cynthia says, we want to project what we see. And -- but you can assume that there will be a lot of emphasis on getting increasingly efficient, even beyond what we have, but I’m not ready to make any -- that part of our forecast at this time. But that would certainly be the hope and expectation that we can accelerate top line and improve efficiency over time.

Thank you.

I would say maybe one other point on the investment piece. We feel we have a very significant opportunity. And we have been, I think, a little underinvested in innovation over the last couple of years. We had the -- and have the market-leading product and it remains an incredible value proposition. But I’m excited to reinvigorate that and get us to capitalize on the larger opportunity that I outlined earlier on this call. And I think the whole team feels -- we already got some stuff coming out in Q1, and there will be a lot more over the next three quarters, and that will position us to -- for growth in future years.

Our next question is from Josh Baer with Morgan Stanley.

Great. Thanks for the question. Allan, I think you labeled 2022 well in characterizing it as a year of change. So, if ‘22 is the year of change, what’s 2023 the year of? Is it execution, stabilization, innovation, self-serve? Like, what word would you use to frame 2023?

Yes. I think change and transition for calendar ‘22 -- fiscal ‘23. For this year, I think it’s about setting the foundations for growth, and we are -- we’re really leaning into that. I think we have a fantastic opportunity to capitalize on this very large TAM that we believe were pointed at. We are the market leader in e-signature and CLM. We are in the best position to capitalize on that opportunity, and we just need to go execute. So, that’s the job this year. It’s not quite as much of a turnaround transitional year as last year, it’s much more of a foundation and preparation for growth building year.

That’s great. And then, one other one. Just thinking about direct versus self-serve, versus partner channels, where -- what’s the mix of business today and where do you want that to go in three years?

Yes. I mean, I think we’ve reported in the past that 13% of our business is digital. But a lot of that is associated by the fact that there’s only a small number of profits and options that you can find on our website. And so, we’ve been pushing actively even relative to small customers to have to order from a sales rep which I will admit I was slightly shocked to learn when I joined. So, our goal is to dramatically grow the -- all the pieces of the business. And I’m not sure it’s going to be as meaningful a year from now to talk about what’s digital versus what’s direct because -- in a lot of cases, our customer may order some things digitally and may talk to their sales rep about other things. And so, the whole thing becomes a little bit less clear. From a partner perspective, I don’t think we’ve externally reported in our partner mix. It’s a partner touched, it’s a meaningful minority of our business, in terms of directly partners sold, that’s a little smaller. I think both of those need to grow meaningfully. We don’t have -- I alluded to this in my comments, just as one example. There’s a big opportunity to embed our market-leading signature agreement workflow products directly into third-party products. We do some of that today, but we’re not set up well to serve developers today. So we’ve got a couple of quarters of work to do to really provide a world-class set of componentized tools that allow developers to pick and choose from all the things we have to create the most compelling agreement experiences inside of their products. That’s going to be a really important growth driver. But I’m not going at this time to comment on the exact magnitude.

Our next question is from Kirk Materne with Evercore ISI.

Allan, I was wondering if you can just talk about sort of the industry strategy or the vertical strategy, both in terms of what you’re doing with the sales organization, meaning are you going to turn some of that sort of industry focus over to partners? And, is there a way to build more sort of industry functionality into the product. So, it’s just product led in that respect. I was just kind of curious if you could talk about the strategy on that basis. Thanks.

Yes. It’s a great question. I would say we’re at the earlier phases of our verticalization strategy. We’ve long had a special suite of tools for the real estate industry. I think they are best-in-class and we’ll continue to tweak and improve on that. More recently, we’ve done some, I think, really nice work, for example, in the healthcare space, where we’ve added some compliance with a variety of federal regulations that enables our products to be used for healthcare applications, and that’s driven some really nice growth. I think we have opportunities and this is an active part of our product planning to basically have our products sufficiently componentized that we can easily create custom workflows that are tailored to individual industries. So, I mean, obvious example, if you have something for mortgages, it’s not that different from a loan application, it’s not that different from an automotive car purchase. And those are all sectors that we already have business in and where I think we have opportunities to create deeper vertical agreements. Another example is government. And so, we have big opportunities in the government space as well. But I’d say we’re -- we’ve got some work to do to really fully capitalize on the verticalization opportunity that you alluded to, which I totally agree with.

Our last question is from Jake Roberge with William Blair.

Allan, you’ve talked a lot about the reoptimization of those R&D resources. Is that more about going deeper into some of your less mature products that have big opportunities like CLM, or is it about building the self-serve and more frictionless e-signature capabilities that you’ve talked a lot about? And which of those opportunities do you see the larger -- see being larger as we move forward?

It’s really across all of those. So, we are absolutely directing investment dollars towards accelerating our product like growth motion, and so that absolutely. But in addition to that, we direct additional investment dollars into accelerating our agreement workflow road map into the CLM space and into our cloud migration. I think many of you are aware that we’re in the process of migrating our suite to Microsoft Azure, a very strong relationship with Microsoft. And this is a really important year for that migration to move some of the core workloads and some of the core compute and storage there. And so, we felt that was deserving of more investment because once we get there, we get more scalability, we can do more of the verticalization that was referred to, we can do -- we can better meet local requirements in international markets. And so it’s just for a variety of reasons a really important migration. It won’t be completed this year, but it -- we will really get going in a material way here in fiscal ‘24. So, those are all areas for incremental product investment beyond the self-serve PLG side.

Okay. Great. That’s helpful. And then I just wanted to double-click on the product bundles performing better than expected during the quarter. Can you provide some specific examples of those bundles and which products really stood out in terms of customer adoption?

Yes. I mean, very quickly, we -- I’d say the most successful one, and I alluded to this earlier, was what we call a new co-bundle, so new customer acquisition where we bundled our core e-signature product with a couple of key options, SMS and single sign-on, and we had a baseline services offering to accelerate onboarding. And that was a really nice bundle. Some of our highest value features that we feel are most highly correlated with both customer satisfaction and renewal and getting people off to a good start, really is helpful for renewal as well. So again, that was the most successful, worked really well, and we need to do more of that.

Great. Thanks for taking my question.

Okay. Just quick, let’s just wrap up here. Thank you all for joining and for your support as we continue to evolve our business. In closing, while this past year was challenging, the changes we’re making are vital to driving our long-term growth and success. I think we delivered a solid finish to the year, and we are prioritizing our investment focus on the areas, which we believe will drive increased value for our customers, employees and shareholders. I’m really excited about the steps we’ve taken to accelerate innovation, improve and diversify our go-to-market and support our vision of smarter, easier and trusted agreements. I look forward to sharing more with all of you as the year progresses. Thank you.