Ladies and gentlemen, thank you for standing by. Welcome to Sanofi’s investor call on the Q2 2020 earnings. I would now like to turn the call over to Eva Schaefer-Jansen from Sanofi Investor Relations. Please go ahead, madam..

Thank you. Good morning and good afternoon and good evening to those joining us from Asia to review Sanofi’s second quarter results. As usual, you can find the slides to this call on the Investors page of our website at sanofi.com. Next slide, please.

I would like to remind you that information presented in this call contain forward-looking statements that involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors that may cause actual results to differ materially.

I refer you to our Form 20-F document on file with the SEC and also our Document d’Enregistrement Universel for a description of these risk factors. If we could please move to Slide 3. Our speakers on the call today are Paul Hudson, Chief Executive Officer; and Jean-Baptiste de Chatillon, Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer.

Paul will review the first quarter business performance after which Jean-Baptiste will review the financials. After concluding remarks, we will close with a Q&A session, during which we will be joined by the members of the Executive Committee. With that, I would like to turn the call over to Paul..

Well, good morning, good afternoon to everybody. Thank you to Eva, very happy to have you on the team and leading IR. So welcome formally to Sanofi. Let me start by saying that I’m delighted with our performance in Q2.

Our organization has worked incredibly hard to keep the business running in what are challenging times for everybody and ensuring that the supply of medicines to patients continues. I’m especially proud of our organization focusing and keeping up our momentum on the transformation journey that we’re undergoing here at Sanofi.

Looking at our financial performance. I’ve seen some of the notes this morning. I understand people’s balanced view and recognition of the Regeneron one-off. And whilst it is technically important, we can talk about it a little bit later.

I do think it’s important for everybody to realize that there’s been an incredible amount of work gone into making sure that our transformation continued in one of the most challenging times for any company. So I am proud, but I’m also very pleased with how we’re executing and what that’s going to mean to the future of this company.

So due to the COVID-related trading patterns this year, the performance of Sanofi during 2Q needs to be seen in light of the half year. So I’m presenting here the first half figures that, in our view, are the best way of describing our performance to date. Our first half sales increased by 2% driven by Dupixent.

We’ve delivered truly outstanding results growing at double-digit rate over prior quarter, we’ll go into more detail later, which is absolutely remarkable and perhaps unparalleled in the context of the pandemic. Our entire specialty business has been very resilient and continues to grow.

Clearly, we did experience significant headwinds from COVID seen elsewhere with slowing new patient adds, deferral of procedures and some vaccinations and lower in- pharmacy traffic compounded in Q2 by the reversal of the COVID-related stocking we saw in Q1. We finished June stronger than we started in April.

And to be blunt, our early indicators in July confirm that June was not a one-off. So we’re in reasonable shape. We delivered 9% business EPS growth in the first half or 5.4% if you strip out the gain from the revaluation of the Regeneron shares that we retained, a onetime effect.

We made continued strong progress on our cost savings target, and Jean-Baptiste will tell you more about this a little bit later. Looking out to the remainder of 2020, we remain confident to deliver our full year guidance.

Again, that is not something everybody is able to say in Q2 and hence, raise our projected business EPS growth to target for 2020 to 6% to 7% including the effect of the Regeneron share revaluation. So the financial metrics capture much of the achievements, of course, but not all.

Let me highlight also the significant progress in the transformation of our company. Four new appointments to the Executive Committee, and it means the Executive Committee is now complete, and I believe ready and able to deliver and accelerate the transformation that we’re on.

We divested our Regeneron stake, raising nearly $12 billion to be redeployed. And we’re pleased with how that was executed. I should remind everybody, again, that we had little additional rights beyond the stake in terms of control.

It was simply a financial play and as such, we think the revenue can work harder for us elsewhere in the scientific agenda. We made substantial new investments in our vaccine facilities and some commitments for how we’ll transform that. And as Jean-Baptiste will address, we’re delivering sustainable efficiencies.

We also showcased the potential of our pipeline through a series of virtual R&D Day events, just another moment, a, to sort of celebrate some of the hidden gems, which are becoming more than just gems; and b, to demonstrate our ability and agility to be able to execute even during the pandemic even completely virtually.

We keep delivering on those R&D milestones, and we had the Phase III start for our brain- penetrant, BTKi. We’ve got exciting new clinical data on Dupixent, including eosinophilic esophagitis and COPD and Sarclisa in relapsed multiple myeloma. And of course, we entered the clinic for our first-in-class trispecific [indiscernible].

And we continue to strengthen our leadership in select therapeutic areas with several transactions this quarter, and we’ll touch on those a little bit later. So I want to focus now on Dupixent, which delivered a remarkable performance during the second quarter, well on track to deliver our EUR 10 billion-plus sales ambition.

Second quarter was a strong quarter across all three main indications, with 70% growth globally, and we added more than EUR 80 million sales versus the prior quarter, and sales annualizing at close to EUR 3.5 billion already. I’ll maybe touch on the profile in the next slide in a moment.

But when I look across what I’m seeing from all of the new innovations across the industry in Q2, I may be right in saying that it is the single biggest grower right across the entire industry in Q2.

Some of you’ll try and prove me wrong, but the intent is important for you to know that this medicine and its profile continues to be absolutely outstanding. Does this mean we’re not affected by the lockdown? Well, of course, we were.

But our team have worked incredibly hard not only working with digital and e-detailing and measures to try and make sure we get those new patients in, but also making sure we support the patients and the physicians equally. I know your eagle eye will have spotted a slowdown in sequential growth outside the U.S.

But just to be really specific, two factors accounted for this. In Europe, we experienced an inventory drawdown, whereas in Japan, of course, we have to absorb a 20% price cut as of April. So let me emphasize, we also added new patients during second quarter in Europe and Japan. So our underlying growth will become more visible in coming quarters.

And we also expect to get an additional boost from our country launch program with our 89 planned launches in 2020 on track. And in fact, we’re about 35 in with 54 to go and feeling very confident about our ability to deploy those. Our U.S.

launch in pediatric atopic dermatitis is off to a strong start with already over 500 unique prescribers for Dupixent. We achieved an important regulatory milestone in the quarter, both for our Sanofi China strategy and for the Dupixent franchise with the approval in adult AD in China.

Now it’s, what, five working days, I think, since the approval, and we’ve had close to 200 patients. Now while that, for me at least in my understanding, is a record, we accept that some patients will have been prepped and ready and waiting, but still a very strong leading indicator.

The quarter also marked by several important development milestones, which we expect to support the future growth of Dupixent. As highlighted at our Dupixent R&D event, we’re building out the range of potential indications. In the near term, we have an important readout with the results of our pediatric asthma study during Q4.

So I mentioned earlier, there is something incredible about Dupixent and its profile. This – the detail around the U.S. performance, for example, is – really supports the fact that it continues to make incredible progress. In the U.S., we have continued to add new patients to treatment.

Our field force and our prescribers rapidly adapted to e-detail, like I mentioned, in the period of lockdown. And more than half the dermatologists indicated that they will be comfortable to prescribe to new patients via telemedicine. Now that lockdown is easing, we are seeing a return to the in-office patient visits.

Dermatologist visits are still only 60% of pre-COVID levels, though prescribers are adapting to the new situation. And in light of our Q2 performance, we’re confident that we’ll be able to continue to add new patients in the coming months. And I think kudos to the entire U.S.

team and Brian Foard and Bill Sibold because we’ve managed to continue to make progress in the physician’s office, whereas I think some of our competition has struggled. The rebound in NBRx we’ve seen in June is a leading indicator that supports our thinking.

For the four weeks ending July 10, NBRx is still somewhat below the Q1 average, but NBRx trends from early July further support our confidence that the new patient starts will normalize as the crisis situation begins to ease. If I turn to TRx, TRx grew by 15% over the first quarter with no meaningful impact from the inventory change.

The resilience of TRx shows we’ve been successful at retaining patients on treatment, and this is exactly as we expected and reflects Dupixent’s convenient at-home administration, lack of immunosuppression and lack of requirement of lab monitoring. I would also remind you of what we discussed in the last quarter.

When we surveyed dermatologists, they assessed the risk-benefit profile of Dupixent favorably compared to type 1 agents or JAK inhibitors during the COVID crisis.

With the high levels of treatment satisfaction and dermatologists willing to prescribe via telemedicine, we expect this resilient trend in TRx to continue even in a second wave of confinement. I’ll return now to the launch of Dupixent in China, which is critical – a critical step actually for Sanofi’s pivot to specialty care in China.

Let me start by recognizing the incredible work of our team who have broken a number of regulatory and commercial records with an approval time of just six months from submission, and importantly, a launch just 25 days from approval. This, I’m reliably informed is half the previous record of 50 days for a biologic called Cosentyx.

With our first prescription written on July 22, we are already generating revenue. So let me try and dimensionalize the Dupixent opportunity in China as the first biologic for adult AD. In the first instance, we will target about 50,000 patients who don’t need to rely on a public reimbursement scheme.

To unleash the full potential, this will require us to seek NRDL listing, and we think at the earliest in 2022. We estimate the accessible population will grow to around 150,000 adults. However, with increasing coverage and affordability, we could reach multiples of the 150,000.

And as the market develops, we will have a better idea of the true full potential. To put that into context, I think we have approximately 150,000 patients worldwide on Dupixent right now. So you get a sense of the scale of what the opportunity could be for Dupixent.

How will we execute? Well, we are ready to launch in a large number of major hospitals, and we’ll be leveraging sophisticated digital models to reach prescribers. As we move through the process of NRDL listing over the next couple of years, we will open up the bigger opportunity.

And of course, we’ll be looking to expand into younger age groups and additional indications for Dupixent in China with as many as six additional launches anticipated by 2025. So this is just the start of a new journey for Dupixent or one of the key reasons why we’re very excited about our prospects in China over the coming years.

Let’s dig a little more into our resilient Specialty Care performance where we delivered 17% sales growth in the quarter. Dupixent was, of course, the core driver, and we are nearly at the point where quarterly sales are reaching blockbuster level.

Oncology also contributed solid growth due to Libtayo and our legacy portfolio, the Sarclisa launch, which was one week before the lockdown, was a virtual launch. And the qualitative feedback from prescribers, however, is very strong.

CMS announced a unique J-code for Sarclisa that will be effective from October 1, 2020, an important development for patient access. We are now preparing to roll this out in Europe later this year, following an approval we hope in May.

Everywhere, we saw a return to growth in rare blood disorder despite continuing competitive – sorry, elsewhere, we saw a return to growth in rare blood disorders despite continuing competitive pressures on Eloctate.

Aubagio benefited from a combination of things but with at least some favorable pricing, a little bit of high demand and some patients stocking while Lemtrada sales continued to decline both due to competition, but also likely due to COVID-19, given its route of administration but also mode of action.

Rare disease was broadly stable, and sales were driven by new patient starts, offset by missed doses in particular due to the confinements in Europe as well as order phasing in rest of world. On Vaccines, the story is really all about readiness for a record flu season. Second quarter sales declined, as we had anticipated, as our U.S.

franchise was heavily affected by COVID, especially adult boosters and Menactra and, of course, our travel vaccines. I think, though, looking across the industry, I’m pleased with how the team in Vaccines has delivered despite the challenges.

And I think comparatively, which is what we have to make in difficult times, I think they’ve done a really excellent job.

These impacts more than outweighed positive drivers, which included double-digit growth in our PPH franchise driven by a 72% uplift in Pentaxim in China following the reopening of vaccine centers in February and a 40% growth in flu deliveries in the Southern Hemisphere.

Looking ahead, we are planning for a new record flu vaccine sales in the Northern Hemisphere. Demand is up very strongly, and we’ve already shipped our first doses in the U.S. with the expectation we will deliver around 80 million doses based on the strength of preseason orders.

This is the first time actually that we have been first to launch in flu in a season for the last three years. And whilst that is important, it is perhaps a very good leading indicator for our ability to execute and to manufacture even in very challenging times.

In Europe, our teams have been able to accelerate the launch of Efluelda in several markets, our high dose quadrivalent vaccine targeted at the elderly. Overall, despite some continuing COVID impacts, we’re expecting a strong vaccines performance in the second half driven by an expected high flu demand and catch up on pediatric vaccinations.

On the other hand, catch up on meningitis and booster vaccinations may really depend on COVID-19 confinements in the second half. To General Medicine, this is where we face the biggest impact from the ongoing pandemic with a sales decline of 12.7% in the quarter, and since we had some positive stocking effects in Q1, a decline of 8.2% in H1.

Performance in China reflected the impact of the VBP on Plavix and Aprovel. The good news, though, is that volumes continue to be strong and are up more than 60%, consistent with the first quarter. This is encouraging as we look into 2021 and price impacts begin to wash out.

In diabetes, the single-digit decline in glargine moderated due to solid overall growth in the rest of the world. Established Products declined by 16% as the inventory build at the first quarter reversed and as the effect of the confinement delays – sorry, delayed elective procedures.

For instance, we lost EUR 100 million sales year-on-year of Lovenox and simdex [ph] as both hospital-based products were affected by delayed procedures. We do expect those procedures to take place at some point. Consumer Healthcare sales were negatively impacted by lower in-person pharmacy traffic.

Q2 sales performance reflected several moving parts in addition to the pandemic with sales down 8% in the quarter and just under 2% for the half year. Now if we strip out the impact of the voluntary recall of Zantac, first half sales would have been growing about 1.6%, a bit more reflective of the effort being made in our consumer business.

Q2 sales benefited from a strong U.S. spring allergy season, but the overall picture reflected the reversal of the pantry loading, which boosted sales in the first quarter as well as the impact of reduced consumer traffic in pharmacies.

Obviously, these factors were not unique to Sanofi as market research data suggests the OTC market contracted by around 8% to 10% in April and May. Looking ahead, as mentioned, the Zantac effect will annualize at the end of Q3. And importantly, we continue to progress on establishing CHC as a stand-alone business.

I’m also excited about the new leadership coming on board, I’ll come back to this in a moment. If I turn next to the pipeline, the quarter was marked by positive proof points from – for our priority and other late-stage pipeline assets, which we highlighted in – of four plus one to come tomorrow virtual R&D events.

I know many of you have closely followed our progress, but I would like to take this opportunity to iterate some of the messages that underpin our confidence in those assets. On SERD ‘859, we believe we have at least a year ahead of the competition.

Both the AZ and the Roche compounds have shown profiles with their own individual challenges that could mean that the tolerability of these compounds may not be suitable for this hormone receptor-positive breast cancer population.

Let me remind you that we have initiated our first pivotal study in September last year that’s expected to read out in the first half of 2021. We will initiate our second pivotal study in the first line in the coming months.

On the BTK ‘168, we are confident in our expectations of the efficacy of this compound and its potential to be competitive in the market. MRI data has found to be predictive for reductions in relapse and in remitting multiple sclerosis and is widely recognized as an excellent surrogate marker. And this is well, of course, supported by the literature.

We believe the Phase III efficacy outcome of the BTK ‘168 is substantially more derisked than is widely appreciated.

On fitusiran and BIVV001, we’re committed to substantially improving the current standard of care and anticipate offering greater protection and allowing a more active life for hemophilia patients at a substantially reduced treatment burden.

I also remind you that we have the fifth and final R&D event tomorrow that will focus on nirsevimab, our high-potential anti-RSV monoclonal antibody, where our ambition is to provide RSV prophylaxis for all infants with one injection.

At our R&D Day, we set out a new strategic framework based around unique platforms, pathways, patient insights and capabilities. We also indicated that we will continue to externally add to our pipeline if we can find transformative medicines in areas for us to focus in Specialty Care and Vaccines, which meets these four key areas of differentiation.

In fact, we’ve been amongst the most active in the whole industry in terms of BD in 2020. In the past month alone, we struck two early stage deals to bolster our oncology and immunoinflammation portfolios with Kiadis and Kymera, and we’ve expanded our mRNA vaccine collaboration with Translate Bio.

The novel targets and platforms with these collaborations brings to – that these bring to Sanofi should give you a sense of how we are being guided, first, by groundbreaking science as well as huge unmet patient need, and we build on our innovation capacity. They are also – they also hopefully give you an exciting glimpse into the future of medicine.

So to my final slide, I would like to provide an early glimpse of 2021, which is shaping up to be very important and a productive year for our pipeline in terms of readouts. To paraphrase John Reed at R&D Day, this sort of size simply wouldn’t have been possible a few years ago.

I will leave you to read the details and in the interest of time, I’ll just point you to a couple of highlights.

In terms of pivotal results, I’m really looking forward to the readout of seven, seven pivotal studies, including our SERD ‘859 in second- and third-line metastatic breast; the Phase III results of our two key hemophilia assets, fitusiran and BIVV001; for Dupixent, chronic spontaneous urticaria and prurigo nodularis; for Sarclisa, we’re expecting the first of three pivotal studies in newly diagnosed multiple myeloma; and for Libtayo, we’ll see the second study in first line non-small cell lung, looking at the outcome population.

We should provide access to a much larger opportunity than based on the initial study in patients with a high PD-L1 expression seen this year. In addition to seven pivotal studies, we will have multiple proof-of-concept data. I particularly point to venglustat, our oral brain-penetrant GCS inhibitor, where we expect a key readout in GBA Parkinson’s.

It will also be a busy year for our innovative oncology portfolio. And with that, I hand over to Jean-Baptiste..

Thank you, Paul. Good morning, good afternoon. On Slide 18, while sales were down 3.4% in the second quarter, in line with our guidance for a low single-digit decline. On the other hand, BOI grew by 5.3%, and our BOI margin increased by 200 basis points.

Looking through the lines of the P&L, you will identify that while the gross profit was down, the increase in BOI was driven by lower OpEx as well as lower other current operating income and expenses. Let me explain this effect during the following slide.

On Slide 19, looking first at our gross margin, we saw a 160 basis point reduction in the second quarter to 70.4%. And for our first half of the year, our gross margin was 71.3%. So let me go into some details on the evolution of our gross margin in Q2.

Benefits from Specialty Care growth and productivity gains of around EUR 30 million in the quarter were more than offset by the impact of price reductions in China on Plavix and Aprovel as a result of VBP and also by geographic mix considerations, including the expected U.S. diabetes pricing pressure and lower vaccine sales in the U.S.

When we look forward, the VBP impact will start to annualize in the fourth quarter as the implementation of this program began in December 2019. Meanwhile, the tailwinds from Specialty Care growth and efficiency gains should continue.

However, keep in mind that our gross margin is typically lower in the second half than in the first half due to product mix with a higher proportion of vaccine sales with the flu season. And this will be even more so this year with what we expect to be a record flu season.

So, when we look on Slide 20 at our OpEx, combined SG&A and R&D improved by 10.2% in the second quarter and by 6.7% for the first six months. The reduction in expense was mainly driven by R&D prioritization on efficiencies.

You should note that while R&D expense benefited from our decision in 2019 to deprioritize diabetes on cardiovascular, the underlying spend on our ongoing pipeline programs continues to increase. So consequently, we still expect our annual R&D budget to trend towards the EUR 6 billion figure we have previously highlighted.

On the second half, R&D spending should be around the level of H2 2019 spending. In SG&A, the improvement was driven by our smart spending initiatives and by lower expenses associated with COVID, notably travel. I will give you more details in a minute. Slide 21 takes a closer look at the evolution of our BOI margin improvement in the first half.

When you read this chart from the left to the right, the removal of equity accounting for Regeneron had a 90 basis point adverse impact on our BOI margin. Again, this restated base of 25.3%, cost savings added 100 basis points, making our BOI margin to 26.3%.

This underlying increase was further enhanced by the revaluation gain of retained Regeneron shares so that we landed at 27.3%. So we are glad we delivered an underlying margin improvement in the face of headwinds from COVID on VBP. It speaks to the change in mindset we are driving across the business, but most importantly, we know it’s not enough.

So on Slide 22, looking forward, it is important to note that the exclusion of equity accounting for Regeneron does not deter us from our previously communicated BOI margin ambition of 30% by 2022. You remember, Capital Market Day, 20% by 2022, but that was relying on around 100 bps coming from the equity participation in Regeneron.

So, we keep the 30%, even though we have now sold this participation. We also remain committed to delivering our BOI margin target of greater than 32% by 2025. With this in mind, let me give you an update on our progress to accelerate efficiencies. on Slide 23, As you know, we plan to deliver EUR 2 billion in cost savings by 2022.

Of this total, we expect around EUR 500 million to come from reduced spend in depriotized businesses, around EUR 1 billion from a range of smart spending initiatives and a further EUR 500 million from operational excellence. In the first half of 2020 alone, we have achieved around EUR 990 million of savings, almost 50% of our 2022 target.

We made good progress across all potential sources of savings. Our biggest opportunity for savings is in smart spending, in which business, finance and procurement colleagues work as a team to sustainably reduce our cost base. This is a game changer.

And here, we delivered approximately EUR 370 million of savings in the first half, including COVID-related savings. Digging deeper into our smart spending initiatives, we achieved double-digit reduction across a range of expense categories, which are highlighted in the lower part of the slide, including travel, fleet, promotional materials.

You can also see that we have cut our tertiary size by a third. Well, lot of them being reps’ offices. But I mean it’s interesting to see the breadth of the change. The number of our suppliers have been reduced by 14%.

So, these initiatives cuts across the entire organization, which again, supports the change of mindset we have introduced as part of our Play to Win strategy.

I would also add also some of the figures were lower due to COVID, for example, travel expenses, all of these expenses on supplier dimensions were on track for substantial reduction in 2020 even before the pandemic. In fact, the total – of the total EUR 990 million of savings, we calculate that only EUR 110 million was associated with COVID.

On top of our savings, on Slide 24, we have also made inroads with our objective to streamline the Established Product tail, which we announced at our Capital Markets Day in December. Since 2018, we have cut a number of our product families by close to a third to around 220, and our target is to reduce this to around 100 by 2025.

This major simplification of the business will enable greater focus on our growing products. In terms of tail divestments, we have previously announced the sale of Seprafilm, our other smaller products. And as of H1 2020, we have received approximately EUR 680 million in cash proceeds.

On Slide 25, we delivered a strong increase in free cash flow in the first half of 2020 mainly driven by our solid business performance and smart spending initiatives. Free cash flow more than doubled against the same period in 2018.

To provide further context to our cash flow evolution, I want to highlight we benefited from around EUR 800 million of one-time benefits, including the tail divestments I previously mentioned on the timing of receivables on tax payments.

Excluding these benefits, we still delivered a strong underlying performance, and I remain fully confident we will meet our target to improve free cash flow by 50% by 2022. On Slide 25, I want to give you a sense of the likely business dynamics in the third quarter.

When we look at the level of our different businesses, well, in Pharmaceutical, we expect to see a recovery in new patient starts on elective procedures, but not yet to pre-COVID levels. And we expect the strong momentum of Dupixent to continue.

In Vaccines, we expect strong flu demand in North America on a partial recovery in overall vaccines, but travel vaccines will clearly continue to be impacted. We will watch closely any decisions to not to reopen schools on universities after the summer that could impact our vaccine sales beyond travel.

In Consumer Healthcare, we expect to see increased consumer traffic in pharmacies in most of the U.S. and Europe, but emerging market activity is likely to remain subdued. As far as OpEx is concerned, we will continue to deliver on efficiencies.

But of course, we would expect reinvestment spend in sales and marketing to pick up in Specialty Care and Vaccines. Overall R&D spend in the second half is likely to be similar to the second half of 2019, reflecting increased investment in our priority assets on platforms. That’s why we think OpEx will be slightly down in H2 versus 2019 or flat.

While this is our current expectation, we want to acknowledge the continuing uncertainty associated with COVID, especially with the continued rise in the number of infections in the U.S. on the second wave spikes on lockdowns we are seeing in some parts of Europe.

Our guidance assume a backdrop of some local lockdowns, but we should – we would expect to see a more pronounced impact on our results if country-wide lockdowns were being put again. On my last slide, as Paul mentioned before, we are feeling increasingly confident about delivering on our performance objective in 2020.

Consequently, we are adjusting our full year guidance for 2020 business EPS to grow by around 6% to 7% at CER. The impact of foreign exchange is expected to be negative by minus 3% to 4% based on the July average exchange rate.

And this compares with the estimated currency impact we communicated with our first quarter results of between minus 1% and minus 2%. As you see, we walk the talk and we commit to deliver on our plan. With that, I would like to turn back the call to Paul..

access; affordability; supply continuity, which has never been more important; diversity; integrity; and inclusion. And whilst for many of these have been words on slides, it’s not going to be the case for us.

We’ve had good and strong conversations with our Board, not least our new Board member, Lise Kingo, who joins us as the former CEO of the UN Global Compact, the world’s largest corporate sustainability initiative. And they’re asking us to raise our game in these areas and break new ground.

We’re working that through as an Executive Committee, and we’ll bring what we think are unique things to us as a health care company later in Q3. My last slide. It has been great to complete the team. We have a lot to do, and we have to be very aware of the skills and capabilities we needed to complete the team.

We’ve – I’m delighted that we were able to promote from within Tom Triomphe to lead our Vaccines business. I think he is already demonstrating at perhaps the most challenging time what it’s like to lead in that business and doing incredibly well. Delighted to have him on the team.

Briefly, Arnaud Robert, our new Head of Digital, is a systemic data guy and understands what it’s going to take to reinvent health care. It’s not a signature tie-up press release type of role.

It is a real root and branch, improved productivity efficiency and deliver better health care outcomes role, and we’re delighted to have that now on the team dedicated.

Julie Van Ongevalle joins us from Estee Lauder, where she’s a digital-first global marketer, and I think it’s time for Consumer Health to take a more assertive stance in the online sector. And that we hope will help with volume growth as well.

And of course, Natalie Bickford joins us as Chief People Officer, where she was recently in the last business, a low-margin business but was awarded diversity and inclusive people leader in Europe. So, we found ourselves in a situation really adding to the exciting capabilities we already have.

While it wouldn’t normally be important for you, I guess, and your models, for me and for what we’re trying to do in our transformation, it’s incredibly important that the new talent raises our game and allows us to continue to deliver on our patient-first agenda and our desire to change the practice of medicine.

So with that, I think I’ll hand over to Q&A..

Correct. So, we will now open up the call to your questions. So, get ready. As a reminder, we would like to ask you to limit your questions to two each..

[Operator Instructions] The first question comes from the line of Richard Vosser with JPMorgan. Please go ahead..

Hi, thanks for taking my questions. First question on consumer. And I wonder whether you could give us an update on the OTC switches. And with the change of leader for that business, does that signal a change of emphasis for the business and the carve-out compared to the Capital Markets Day? And then second question.

Just thinking about the savings that have been made both from COVID and underlying, that’s obviously very impressive. So just of the savings of COVID, how many of those or how much of those do you think will be sustainable going forward? What learnings can you get to drive more savings? And you seem to be running pretty ahead of plan.

So how should we think about that in terms of the plans and driving towards your margin target? Thanks very much..

Okay, Richard. Thank you. I’ll toss the second part to Jean-Baptiste in a moment. But upfront, the change in leader is unrelated to the strategy. Alan Main’s decision to explore other opportunities just gave us a moment to reflect on what we needed and what we could look like going forward.

The regulatory conversations pretty much with the FDA uniquely continued to progress positively. We are gaining confidence. There’s still a bit of a way to go, but we’re gaining confidence.

And we’re quite bullish about what it could look like in the launch, particularly Tamiflu and Cialis combined, in the sort of late 2024, 2025 horizon, we think could really be significant, you know that and change the trajectory, perhaps even have us as the fastest-growing in consumer in that timeframe.

Perhaps the difference will be with Julie joining us is that a deeper customer insight and a digital-first mindset may, if you put yourself forward a couple of years, will probably be the minimum expectation to take advantage of Rx OTC switches. So, I think we’ve got stronger in that context, so feeling quite confident about that.

Jean- Baptiste, the savings, first of all, congratulations from Richard on how you did that, and then what would it mean next?.

Well, thanks, Richard. But as you know, I don’t like to be behind schedule. So, it’s normal that we move fast on that aspect, and we still have much more to do. So the savings related to COVID, I guess they will rebound because they are linked to our sales force going back on the field, and I want them back on the field like everyone.

But it’s nothing to do with our global journey. And without those COVID-related savings, we want to hit the EUR 2 billion target, and we are marching in that direction with a lot of determination.

As you know, we have done some of the things which we have entered and that’s public now into discussion with our unions on how to rightsize further our company, and those discussions are going on in France, in Germany, in many other countries. And they will help really hitting our targets of EUR 2 billion and the quicker, the better..

Okay, good. Thank you..

Next question..

The next question comes from the line of Peter Verdult with Citi. Please go ahead..

Yes, thanks. Pete Verdult with Citi. One for Jean-Baptiste, please. Just more simply, just on the savings you’ve achieved so far, would you give us a ballpark percentage as to how much has been planned or reinvested back in the business? Secondly, for Paul or Thomas, we know seasonal flu vaccines in Europe are around EUR 5 to EUR 10 a shot.

We’ve got recent industry COVID contracts signed in the U.S. around $20 a shot. Now, I totally understand that you’re not going to go into the specifics of the contract you’ve signed with the UK government today.

But just in terms of book marking or book ending the likely COVID vaccine price, are those two price points good bookends for us to use? And then if I may very cheekily, because it only requires a one-word answer, what is the price point you’ve gone into with Dupixent in China? Thank you..

Okay.

So maybe, J-B, if you want to take another go?.

Yes, Peter.

On understanding what do we reinvest, what you can imagine with the growth we deliver on Dupixent, with what we are looking at behind vaccines, we are – we have started this reinvestment quite significantly on – as you know, we are not limiting ourselves in terms of reinvestment because we are piloting the global performance with an anchor point, which is to deliver our BOI margin target in 2022.

So second half of the year, you will see, as I mentioned, some other investments, especially in R&D. We have already the Synthorx cost, which is in our OpEx in Q2. We have the DTC campaigns. We have the increase in the sales force activity behind Dupixent. So, all of this makes the bulk of the reinvestment.

And we can pilot what we want to see trickling down to the bottom line depending on the strength of what it triggers in term of growth. So, we will go on like this, and we have room of maneuver to do that..

Thank you, Jean-Baptiste.

Tom, price?.

So, COVID-19 price, if I understood correctly the question..

Yes..

So, as you know very well, we are not disclosing further details for the UK deals and the ones that are in the press release. What I can still say in terms of COVID-19 pricing is that, as you know, we’ve committed to do a pricing that is affordable and that enables access to the larger population. That’s very important for us.

However, I want also to tell you that it’s very important for us to think about the sustainability of our operations. And therefore, we want to make sure that the way we will do it will be in a sustainable way moving forward. And that’s the way we’ll price the product.

Of course, there will be a bit more information as we come closer to the development of the next step of this vaccine..

As for the question on the price of Dupixent in China, well, it’s around CNY 22,000 annual treatment cost. That price may be a little bit lower due to the patient access programs. And of course, we – a couple of things to remember. One is we have the NRDL a year or two away. So that will be another opportunity to discuss price, I’m sure.

And we really do believe we have incredible potential in China. So exciting times actually for Dupixent..

Thank you..

The next question comes from the line of Graham Parry with Bank of America. Please go ahead..

Thanks for taking my questions. So, first one is on flu vaccine. So you talked about potential to ship up to – or sell up to 80 million doses in the U.S. I think that’s up about 20% on last year, if you can confirm that’s right.

And because of the increased demand that there is, are you anticipating better pricing on top of that as well? And if you could help us understand the mix benefit here as well that you could get on price from going to the more innovative high-dose vaccines? And then secondly, on your SERD, you just hinted that you were talking about starting first-line studies in coming months.

Does that mean you have the CDK4/6 combination data in-house now? And if not, when do you expect it? And what form might we see that externally? Thank you..

Okay. Thank you, Graham. So maybe, Tom, to you. I think we – the question about volume and also importantly, a question on potential mix in blue..

Thank you very much for the question, Graham. So indeed, we’ve alluded to the 80 million doses target for the U.S. market alone, which is a significant increase. You mentioned, if I recall correctly, the equivalent of 20% additional volume, let’s say, but it’s in the ballpark of what we are targeting at. That’s very important. It’s for this year.

You also know in parallel that we keep increasing our capacity in the U.S. with a new facility coming available next year, but also beyond the U.S. So, it’s very important that we are there at the rendezvous, if you wish, for this flu vaccination coverage rate increase that we are planning for the coming few years.

And our industrial network is proving reliable here. Now in terms of margin and the evolution of the product mix, obviously, it’s not important to have more flu vaccine, it’s important to have more flu-differentiated vaccines because that’s what the larger part of the world is actually looking for.

And you know that it’s important to have prospective, randomized clinical trials, differentiated vaccine against standard dose vaccines. And Flublok and Fluzone High-Dose are two such products that have demonstrated their differentiation in prospective positive.

We are going to further increase the supply of these two differentiated products at a higher rate than the overall flu volumes growth in terms of volume. So you can imagine that it will have a beneficial impact in terms of margin..

Okay. Thanks, Tom. Jean maybe, you’d like to take the third question.

Can you hear us, John?.

Yes, I can.

Can you repeat the question, please?.

The question was – sorry..

Yes. So it was just – I think you were talking about starting the third first-line studies in coming months.

I just wondered if you had the CDK4/6 combo data in-house that was I think you said in a hurdle to start that study? And if not, when do you expect it? And what form might we see that externally?.

Yes, yes. We have data, we wanted to have a bit more, but recruitment has been slower in the COVID situation. Actually, right now, at the point of doing the internal analysis, we have a meeting in fact after this to review. So we think imminently, we’ll be able to make a decision on that.

The – in terms of an external presentation, I don’t have a specific date for you on that..

Thank you..

Okay. Thank you, John. Thank you, Graham. Next question, please..

The next question comes from the line of Jo Walton with Credit Suisse. Please go ahead..

Thank you. Just a quick follow-up on the flu question that we just had. I’m assuming that there’s so much demand that we’ll see much more of your flu delivery in the third quarter than the fourth quarter. So just checking that this is likely to be a really amazing third quarter because of that.

And the second question is the elephant in the room about U.S. health care reform. I know that the price differential of Dupixent is less than some other dermatology products between the U.S. and the EU. But I wonder if you could just tell us what you think might happen to you and maybe news a bit about potential U.S.

health care reforms with particular reference to international reference pricing please?.

Yes.

Tom, do you want to take the flu follow-up question?.

On the first question, so regarding flu, Jo, what’s important to have in mind is that last year, you remember that the strain selection was done a little bit later stage by WHO. That’s not the case this year. Strain selection has been on time. And as mentioned before, we have been the first one to starting delivering doses in the U.S. about a week ago.

So indeed, compared to last year, we expect a stronger trend towards Q3 versus Q4 through deliveries..

Jo, to the question on the – I think you’re referring to the executive order discussion from last Friday, I think it was. There’s a few things to jump to mind. One, as a company, you could take it both ways, but we are a little less exposed in the U.S. compared to some of the other big players.

I think secondly, a quick read, and there is not a great load of detail as you’ll imagine, but a quick read is that it may be more towards Part B where the challenges may be. And I think, again, we’re even less exposed versus our peer group and the rest of the industry. I think on IPI, it’s too convenient a headline.

I mean it’s a bit of a blunt instrument. People want to compare their prices.

And you know they said I need to explain this to you and others, but that conveying a price to a country where the price may be lower and there’s zero access and the society is struggling to get its innovation is not really a truthful comparison nor the lack of understanding of rebates in the United States to what the actual net prices are.

So, I find that there’s a lot of talk. I think the first thing I would say is not expecting any impact from these conversations this year, of course, with preelection, so it’s a very convenient subject matter.

We do believe in reforms that help the out of pocket, particularly the elderly in the pharmacy and not moving money around between different actors in the chain. If we thought we’d be open, we personally rebate reform, for example, and making sure that those that need it get it in their own pocket is much more important to us, and we support those.

So, I’m open-minded to what will happen. We just need more detail. And as always, if there’s some stimulus, maybe something good also can come from it. But we’re less exposed that it’s not a factor to alarm us at the moment..

Thank you..

Next question, please..

The next question comes from the line of Thibault Boutherin with Morgan Stanley. Please go ahead..

Thank you for taking my questions. Maybe, to come back on to flu vaccines, you quantified the increased volume in the U.S.

Could you comment on the rest of the North Hemisphere and in particular in Europe, do you have enough volume to address an increase in demand in Europe? And do you anticipate any shortage overall of flu vaccines this season? And maybe a second quick one on guidance.

It seems that the upgrade of the full year 2020 guidance corresponds roughly to the positive one-off you had on the revaluation of the Regeneron share.

So is there a fundamental improvement in the business that you would highlight that underpin this guidance upgrade?.

Okay. Thank you. Tom, two questions..

Hello, Thibault, flu ex-U.S. is a good question. And indeed, it’s important to look at it because we see increasing flu vaccination coverage not just in the U.S., but all over the world, especially in Europe.

You’ve seen probably about over the past two to three years, I would say that more and more European Ministers of Health have understood the importance of increasing flu VCR. And obviously, with COVID-19 pandemic and the fact that the most at risk for flu are the ones that are also the most at risk for COVID-19.

There is an extreme importance to make sure that everybody is protected against the preventable disease in order to make sure that hospitals are not overwhelmed by hospitalization. So, we are – to come back to numbers in your questions, we are, therefore, expecting a significant double-digit increase in every part of the world, definitely in Europe.

And indeed, from a supply perspective, we are expecting to deliver a significant increase not just in U.S. but also ex-U.S. in order to be able to meet the demand. The second part of your question, if I understood correctly, was about will there be a shortage? That will be a little bit crystal ball looking from my part to be able to say that.

What I can say is that at Sanofi Pasteur level at least, we have significantly upscaled our industrial capabilities in order to make sure to tackle the demand that we have received. We will make sure that we are there and we are delivering on time.

It’s difficult for me to comment for the other suppliers, but I do expect a very, very strong non-fundamental [ph] 2020 flu season..

Thank you. Jean-Baptiste, the question comes back to the one-off and the guidance.

I think it probably underappreciates the good work that’s going on to try and make sure that we’re in line, particularly when I look across the industry at such a challenging time, but maybe you’d like to add a comment?.

Yes. Because I think you’re perfectly right. It’s more important to consider our 2022 underlying upgrades than the one of this year. On – what it means, yes, because staying on 30%, I’ve seen some modelings that, in fact, it went to 29%. We are maintaining the 30%.

And what it means, it is – and you’re asking which part of the business, well, the part of the business is the human part, which is the most important. And it’s showing the confidence on the quality of the team, which is being built around Paul – under Paul leadership.

And that means that we hold the wheel firmly of Sanofi and that we will not get derailed easily, and that’s the main message, really. What makes us confident is that the team really understand and sees what we want to achieve, better science, early science to really trigger innovative medicines..

Well said, Jean-Baptiste. The – we are well aware of the commitments we’ve made externally for 2022 and 2025. So we will – whilst we’re going through the transformation, whilst handling the pandemic, at least what’s in our control, effectively, we are still sticking firm to what we’ve committed for 2022 and 2025. And we have to see our journey to that.

So whilst the points were made on 2020, I think our longer-term commitments, as J-B said, are the – become the most interesting. Okay, next question please..

The next question comes from the line of Naresh Chouhan with Intron Health. Please go ahead..

Hi, there. Thanks for taking my questions. A couple on Dupixent, please, particularly on the level of investment behind Dupixent. So in Q2, the Regeneron antibody alliance profit was a bit lower than we had forecasted.

So have there been any material investments behind Dupixent in Q2, for example, the China launch? And more importantly, when should we be thinking about the investment phase starting to plateau? I suspect it’s probably a while away. But at that point, we should presumably expect Dupixent profitability to really take off.

So a bit of color around timing on that would be helpful. And then on flu, as you mentioned earlier, this is the first time in a few years where you’ve been first, and being first generally is the better price.

So is it fair to assume that the 9% price rises you’ve taken on the differentiated vaccines that the majority of that is likely to stick? Thanks..

Okay. Right. Some good questions in there. Before I’d come to – well, Thomas, to flu first, and then maybe I’ll throw it to Bill on the investment levels going forward on Dupixent..

Maybe on the flu pricing first. As you know, in – it’s not done like this North America flu 2020 season. If you look at the Fluzone High-Dose product in the U.S., we are 100% switching from Fluzone High-Dose trivalent to Fluzone High-Dose quadrivalent, which I think what you have in mind with the 9% increase.

So I would say roughly, yes, based on the fact that we have a solid alignment of supply coming down the road and that we are starting to deliver well. We expect some price increase versus last year, the final extent of which will be depending on how the final deliveries will happen, but there will be some pricing elements into it.

But overall, again, the vast majority will come from volume also..

Okay. So I may toss it to Bill if he’s connected.

But Jean-Baptiste, any comment on the investment level through Q2 in Dupixent?.

Well, yes. As I said, we are investing behind Dupixent. And in Q2, there were significant both personnel costs on OpEx increase. You’re right to say that it’s not the end of it. We are going to go on backing this growth because we are just at the beginning of it.

What I like is when I see the profile of the drug, and I’m looking at when do we get it accretive to our BOI margin, and it’s quite exciting to see at which speed we see the improvements. So that’s the right balance right now. Maybe Bill can give you more color..

Yes. No. Thanks for the question. And look, as Paul had said, we are growing a product here that is truly transformational. And we have launches that are going on all throughout the year. 89 launches in 2020 alone, and as Paul said, we’re at 35 launches and we have 54 to go.

So when you’re building a global brand, we are absolutely investing for launch success all over the world. And we’ve continued in the U.S. with investments in DTC, et cetera. We feel as though these are all important investments to drive what this brand can become. And we’ll continue..

Yes. Thanks, Bill, on that. The sad thing would be not to be able to afford it. And we are – that’s why we are so determined. The strong determination we show in our selling plan is that really to make that happen..

Yes. Well, look, I’m going to add to that, too. Jean-Baptiste said it. He never misses an opportunity to remind me he’d like us to be accretive as fast as possible. The truth is we are building for the long term, but just important caveat, I think Bill touched on it, too. When you’re adding specialty capability, the marginal cost is much lower.

It’s not like we’re adding primary care field forces. You look at the data that’s coming out. If you look to this in a fairly [indiscernible], if you look, this is a best-in-class, first-in-class data, we have to rise to meet that.

We have to be efficient, and we have to make choices elsewhere in the portfolio to do it because we – to remind you, we’ve already committed to what our business shape needs to look like. And you know that. This, well, retold from Capital Markets Day.

But if these additional investments are modest by comparison, they will come, but they will become because we’ll be first and best-in-class in having new patient population. Okay, next question..

The Next question comes from the line of Wimal Kapadia with Bernstein. Please go ahead..

Great. Thank you very much for taking my questions. Wimal Kapadia with Bernstein. Just another one for Thomas. The U.S PPH franchise saw a reasonably strong decline in 2Q while the rest of the world bounced back quite nicely. So should we assume a similar outcome in the U.S. in Q3? And if you could just talk a little bit about what you’ve seen in the U.S.

market in July for the PPH franchise, that’d be really helpful. And then my second question is this on the BTK and some of the rumors on a potential Principia acquisition. I know you can’t comment specifically on that rumor.

But just given the level of confidence in the asset internally, how does Sanofi think about the economics of the product today? And wound an opt-in from Principia change your thinking about allocating capital to ensure that you maximize the value of that product? Thank you..

So maybe I’ll deal with the last one first and absolutely nothing to say about any rumors that you can read about anything. I will repeat, we’re very excited about the BTK. We think it’s going to be a major part of our future. We touched on it. The data we think is under appreciated actually at the moment.

And we look forward to working through the four Phase IIIs and demonstrating that. And we have a great partnership? So that continues. Tom, your initial first, I’ll call you’re getting plenty of attention, if you want to….

I’m sorry to take on..

It’s okay..

Thanks for the question, Wimal. It’s an important point. I truly believe we should all pause for a second and look into it. Your question is about pediatric combinations and the performance that we had in Q2. I think it’s not secret to say first that the world of pediatric commission vaccines is not full of 20 different suppliers.

So there’s a certain limitation of number of providers. And as you mentioned, yes, we have a negative customers in Q2 year in the U.S. If you look at the graph, was talking about minus 22% on PPH range on a year-to-year basis in U.S, but it’s also quite interesting to look at the various increase in terms of customers in rest of the world.

And in Europe, I think Europe was also hit by the COVID-19 situation. So a couple of points I’d like to further drive them to these when we look at the U.S. PPH product range of customers. I think first and foremost, it’s always related. So it’s interesting to look at the performance of this product range in U.S.

versus maybe the performance of the similar product range from the competition. And I think that we have not to be shy at all about our performers. We’ve done extremely well in the second quarter of the year. I think also the second point I would allude to is the fact that this is on a quarterly basis. And of course, it’s three different months.

The heat we have had from the COVID-19 pandemic situation differs a lot from a month-to-month perspective. And without going into a extremely debt, I would say, well, we started April with a serious impact compared to last year with any of the quarters in June with an increase versus last year.

So, I think that we are training well on to PPH performance, especially, of course, are the lower than one year-old kids. Those new birth need to be vaccinated.

And I think that there has been significant number of course, for medical association, as well as from the CDC to make sure that the mothers and parents in bring back the new born to the basic of disease to make sure that those are protective before the COVID-19 or potential..

Okay. Thank you, Thomas. Next question, please..

Next question comes from the line of Peter Welford with Jefferies. Please go ahead..

Hi, thanks for taking my questions. Two, firstly, just on the battle of virus vaccine for COVID-19. Thanks for the details on the timing.

I wonder if you could confirm will this be just investigating in Phase 1/2 of one dose regimen, or will you also be investing in a two dose regimen as well? And can we also, see will there be a cohort that excludes and excludes the adjuvant? Or will, all the cohorts include the adjuvant as a matter of course? And then secondly, just on Sarclisa.

So you discontinued the combination with Libtayo in myeloma.

I wonder would you, if you could comment whether there’s any change in your thinking regarding that combination in solid tumors and also an update perhaps on the use of Sarclisa in some of your other combinations and whether or not there’s any data or insights you got from that study at all that I have any other implications? Thank you..

Okay. Thanks, Peter. Jean I’ll come to in a moment about Sarclisa and Libtayo.

But before that back to virus, number of doses taking forward and whether without the adjuvant?.

Thanks for the question. And, I use it also about the timing of candidate vaccine. First of all back to the actual the regimen, I would say, and the need for an adjuvant without them telling you to the details of the Phase I, Phase II study, that we tend to start early part of September, and that’s looking good from maintaining that perspective.

We expect to actually add a two dose regimen in the end link to the fact that the coronavirus protections, where they’re coming from natural infection, the disease often mechanism we are not too sure at all about how long it would remit.

So, so everything we’ve seen, I think from actually immunology or from the earlier results we’ve seen everywhere, seems to indicate that we go through regimen and that’s what we should count on. And I think that’s the same manufacturer. Now for the same reason, we also expect to need a regimen.

So that’s why it’s very important to have this partnership with GSK. And that’s why it’s very important to have all companies bringing up SSS, and we believe that the adjuvant would do keyhole. So my bet would be on two doses with adjuvant moving forward.

Final point maybe, and these vaccine candidate a month ago, we had the R&D and we were saying that we will start the Phase III as soon as possible. And then maybe to confirm today that as soon as possibility is not anymore in January, 2021, but in December, 2020, we are aiming to further accelerate the vaccines.

And we want to start the Phase III I believe in the first half of December of 2020..

Okay. Thank you. Yes. So, as you know, there has been a theory that CD38, the target of Sarclisa might have a broader role to play as immune checkpoint and so that was the hypothesis that we were testing in these combination studies and did small signal seeking studies across eight indications.

So although all data, not yet in so far, we’ve not seen compelling evidence that this is going to be an attractive combination for going into a variety of types of either solid or hematologic malignancies. So at this point, it doesn’t look like the hypothesis of CD38 having that broad role across a number of malignancy is bearing out.

The caveat I would just say is that we’re still finishing the studies for a couple of the indications.

I think more broadly in terms of Sarclisa and the recent data from our IKEMA trial, we continue to see a differentiated profile for this molecule, which has a different mechanism of action compared to some of the other molecules that also targets CD38.

And that was born out in the IKEMA data with a superior hazard ratio compared to similar studies, similar drug combinations of therapeutics that have been conducted in this second line population.

So, we remain very bullish, I would say, on the quality and characteristics of Sarclisa and we’ll look forward to some of the data in the frontline setting in treatment naïve patients as they begin to emerge next year. Thank you, John. Maybe we get time for one more question I think..

The next question comes from the line of Geoffrey Porges with SVB Leerink. Please go ahead..

Thank you very much. I appreciate you squeezing me in. First a question for you Paul, you built out your management team and you well on the way with restructuring the business.

Could you talk about do you view your organization as being operationally, strategically and financially in a position to do a substantial acquisition, not the sort of tuck-ins that you’re doing, because clearly you have the bounce sheet capacity? And then just a follow-up question on Libtayo.

John, if you could perhaps give us an insight into the basal cell carcinoma readout and when you think that you could be in a position to file there, particularly interested in whether there is benefit in the form of stable disease in the patients who are the non-responders and how quickly you’re seeing those responses in, what’s typically a pretty indolent tumor? Thanks..

Thank you for the question, Jean will come to you in a moment on BCC. For me, I’m trying to break you’ll question into two pods. I think you’ve touched on it. We have the right team.

Is it capable? Is it efficient? Do we have the financial, I think you tried to say, I guess, where I’m heading is, I’m very in the executive team and indeed increasingly at all levels of the organization, we have new people to come in still, of course, that our discipline and our ability to execute and to execute in line with strategy is growing all the time.

So, the organization is responding much faster than I would have expected, which allows lots of opportunities for us. Our first responsibility is to deliver a minimum of what we’ve committed to externally. As for M&A and I think you biased it towards sizable or instead of tuck-in, I can’t remember the exact language.

You know I think upfront we have a great financial potential as we are. I think we have a great mid-stage pipeline. That’s going to come through the middle of the decade.

I do think when you look at Austin Forex deal and our recent collaborations we are, if we have a choice, there’ll be much more in that scale of the single mid-digit billion deals, just because we want to go out to science that can break new ground that can set the pace and if possible also add value to our existing pipeline in combination where, for example, with oncology.

So, we feel, we don’t have to do anything more different to that to outperform and build something quite special in terms of financially capabilities and scientifically, in reverse order.

So, I think we’re, I think that’s probably the most I can say right now at Jean, do you have any comment on a basal cell?.

Yes, thanks for the question. I’m not going to be able to answer all your questions, but just to recap in that study population, the overall response rate was approximately 30% and the durability was impressive about 85% of patients who achieved a response remained maintain that response for over a year.

So the activity, we felt in this second line population of patients who had already failed hedgehog inhibitors. And so therefore a very aggressive disease, we felt was worthy of moving to a submission of the supplemental BLA. So that is in the works.

And we do plan to do that in terms of the I think you asked about how rapidly do we see responses I would have, we would have to get back to you on that..

Thanks very much..

Well, thank you. I will follow up on that last point.

I think bringing us to a close as you’ll start to just drop off the – as I approach a year in, I’m thrilled with the progress we’re making the, of the work being done, the scientific transformation in the company, the expense discipline, and somewhat obsessive nature in delivery of Dupixent and against unmet medical need and what it means to our business.

And I think that it’s the right balance. I think we’ve covered a lot of ground and most of it we’ve covered at least 30% or 40% of it during a pandemic. So, we haven’t settled on just keeping moving.

We have continue accelerate the underlying fundamentals, many of which you won’t see until time passes, but as you do, I think you’ll start to see the momentum building and we’re in exactly the right place part. So, ahead of where I personally thought we’d be at this point..

Thank you to the team for everything. I hope everybody gets a little bit of a break and thank you to everybody that joined on the call. Thank you..

Ladies and gentlemen, the conference is now over. Thank you for choosing chorus call and thank you for participating in the conference. You may now disconnect your lines..