TLSI - NASDAQ

Good afternoon, and welcome to TriSalus Life Sciences' Third Quarter 2025 Earnings Conference Call. [Operator Instructions] As a reminder, this call is being recorded for replay purposes. I will now turn the call over to Jeremy Feffer, Managing Director with LifeSci Advisors. Please go ahead, sir.

Thank you, operator, and thank you all for participating in today's call. Joining me today from TriSalus Life Sciences are Mary Szela, President and Chief Executive Officer; David Patience, Chief Financial Officer; and Dr. Richard Marshall, Medical Director. Ms. Szela will provide an overview of the company's third quarter results and strategy for the balance of the year. Then Mr. Patience will review the financial results for the quarter in detail. Following their prepared remarks, Dr. Marshall will join the call to help address questions from covering analysts. Earlier this afternoon, TriSalus released its financial results for the quarter ended September 30, 2025. A copy of this press release is available on TriSalus' website. Before we begin, I would like to remind you that management will make statements during this call that include forward-looking statements within the meaning of federal securities laws, which are made pursuant to the safe harbor provisions of the Private Securities Reform Act of 1995. Any statements contained in this call other than the statements of historical fact are forward-looking statements. All forward-looking statements, including, without limitation, statements relating to our sales and operating trends, business and hiring prospects, financial and revenue expectations and future product development and approvals are based upon our current estimates and various assumptions. These statements involve material risks and uncertainties, including the impact of macroeconomic conditions and global events that could cause actual results or events to materially differ from those anticipated or implied by these forward-looking statements. Accordingly, you should not place undue reliance on these statements. For a list and description of the risks and uncertainties associated with our business, please refer to the Risk Factors section of our Form 10-Q on file with the SEC and available on EDGAR and our other reports filed periodically with the SEC. TriSalus disclaims any intention or obligation, except as required by law, to update or revise any financial projections or forward-looking statements, whether because of new information, future events or otherwise. The conference call contains time-sensitive information and is accurate only as of this live broadcast today, November 13, 2025. And with that, I'll turn the call over to Mary.

Thank you, Jeremy, and good afternoon, everyone. Thank you for joining us for a review of our third quarter 2025 results. I will begin with a high-level review of the quarter and recent weeks and provide a quick update of our longer-term strategy. David will then follow my remarks to provide a more in-depth review of our financial and operational results for the quarter. We will then be happy to open the call to questions. Let's begin. I'm pleased to report that our third quarter results were strong. Revenues were $11.6 million, representing 57% increase over the prior year quarter and a 3% sequential gain over the second quarter of 2025. During the quarter, we also continued to expand our TriNav platform, launching our TriNav FLX infusion system and advancing new clinical applications to expand our market opportunities. We also simplified our capital structure through the successful completion of our exchange offer and consent solicitation for preferred stock. Operationally, we continue to manage cash efficiently, ensuring resources were allocated strategically to advance our key priorities. We increased commercial investment to maintain our strong growth, a deliberate decision that extends our time line to reach EBITDA positive and cash flow breakeven. Our commercial momentum in the third quarter remained strong. The commercial organization continued to drive deeper penetration within the complex liver embolization market. Bolstered by the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services, CMS, HCPCS code C8004 introduced in April. This new code expands coverage to include simulation angiogram or mapping procedures using TriNav, enabling interventional radiologists to utilize TriNav for other treatment planning and delivery using radioembolization. As a result, the reimbursable use of our technology within the radioembolization market has effectively doubled, supporting the broader adoption we're observing. Now interventional radiologists are able to use TriNav across the full continuum of radioembolization care. Early feedback from key accounts and users highlight the clinical and economic advantages of the expanded reimbursement, which we expect to continue driving adoption into 2026. We are reaffirming our 50% revenue growth guidance, reflecting strong confidence in our growth momentum and market opportunities. Consistent with our prior commitment, we continue to invest in long-term growth via increasing commercial resources and funding of new applications. We believe TriSalus' Pressure-Enabled Drug Delivery, or PEDD technology represents a transformative opportunity with substantial long-term value across a wide range of solid tumors and interventional treatment approaches. We continue to execute a focused strategy to expand our platform with technologies that address the complex challenges of tumor vasculature and improved delivery. Momentum across our programs remain strong, reflecting the growing clinical and commercial impact of our PEDD technology. In the last year, we launched TriNav LV, TriGuide and the TriNav FLX, each advancing our commitment to innovation and improving therapeutic delivery precision. Expanding our product suite broadens our addressable market, strengthens physician adoption due to a technological solution for all the various vascular challenges and extends our reach beyond the liver into new therapeutic areas. Expanding our product portfolio remains a core pillar of our growth strategy. By broadening our addressable market and delivering solutions with greater versatility and precision, we're enabling more physicians to treat complex patients and extending our reach beyond the liver into new therapeutic areas. Following the quarter, we began market evaluation of our next-generation TriNav XP, which features compatibility with larger particles and a more flexible distal tip, an important advancement for low bar liver and uterine artery embolization procedures. Although early, feedback from over 20 initial cases with key opinion leaders have been outstanding, which highlighted exceptional trackability, enhanced visualization for precise targeting and improved professional efficiency. These advances reinforce our confidence in TriNav powered by PEDD, as a platform that helps interventional radiologists address their most difficult tumor drug delivery challenges, we continue to invest in the TriNav portfolio to deepen its clinical impact to improve drug penetration, reduce complications and expand patient eligibility. Our results this quarter demonstrate that TriNav is well positioned to become the standard of care in liver embolization for complex patients. We remain focused on strengthening the clinical evidence base, engaging closely with key medical societies and driving commercial expansion to fully realize TriNav's market potential. As previously discussed, beyond leveraging our PEDD technology in liver cancer, we're also expanding the clinical application through the TriNav Infusion System. Yesterday, we hosted the first in a series of key opinion leader events focused on the potential use of TriNav Infusion for the treatment of uterine fibroids. The event featured Dr. Nicole Lamparello of Weill Cornell Medicine and NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital and Dr. Francis King of Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson University Hospital and University Radiology Group. Both speakers highlighted the significant unmet need in uterine fibroid treatment and reviewed the current therapeutic landscape. In addition, enrollment continues in our PROTECT registry, a multicenter initiative evaluating PEDD for patients with thyroid nodules or goiters who are not candidate for surgery radioiodine or ablation. This study is designed to assess disease-related quality of life, thyroid function and outcomes following PEDD-based thyroid artery embolization. As previously noted, preliminary results published in the Journal of Endocrine Society were highly encouraging, showing 100% technical and clinical success, no neurovascular complications, mild and transient discomfort in 81 of all patients, all resolved within 2 weeks and a 73% reduction in thyroid size and importantly, normalization of thyroid function in 71% of participants. These findings reinforce the promise of this minimally invasive alternative to thyroidectomy. We also initiated a pilot registry in the emerging field of genicular artery embolization or called GAE, which offers a novel minimally invasive approach to pain management and mobility preservation for patients with knee osteoarthritis. GAE has the potential to delay or avoid total knee arthroplasty in select patients. In parallel, we're preparing to launch a clinical trial evaluating TriNav and GAE as a treatment option for knee osteoarthritis, a condition affecting more than 30 million adults in the United States. The study aims to determine whether TriNav and GAE can effectively reduce pain and delay the need for knee replacement surgery. In parallel with expanding the clinical utility of TriNav, we're also advancing our efforts to begin partnership discussions to maximize the long-term value of nelitolimod across several high-value oncology indications. This transition will eliminate the vast majority of development-related expenses for nelitolimod by the end of 2025, while preserving the program's potential upside. It also allows us to focus internal resources on the near-term high-impact opportunities within our PEDD platform. Phase I studies of nelitolimod in multiple liver tumor types, which include metastatic uveal melanoma, hepatocellular carcinoma or HCC, cholangiocarcinoma are now complete. Enrollment has also concluded in PERIO-3, our Phase I trial in locally advanced pancreatic cancer with final data expected by year-end. Clinical study reports for all 3 PERIO Phase I dose escalation trials are in preparation with data releases anticipated in Q4. We're currently finalizing reports and data presentations to support future partnership discussions. Completion of enrollment and closure of these studies will drive a reduction in R&D expenditures in the second half of 2025, and we continue to support several ongoing investigator-initiated studies. Before turning the call over to David for a review of our third quarter financials, I want to reiterate that TriSalus remains focused on executing our near-term milestones, including advancing the TriNav platform across multiple indications focused on the interventional radiology call point, advancing PEDD solutions designed to optimize therapeutic delivery and address the full spectrum of vascular access and perfusion challenges faced by the interventional radiologist, generating and publishing new clinical and HEOR data to validate the effectiveness, safety and economic value of our technology, enhancing operational performance in our manufacturing and improving gross margins and also building a scalable, high-growth organization. As we look ahead to the balance of 2025 and into 2026, we're energized by our long-term vision of bringing our PEDD technology platform to a broader range of patients, improving outcomes and redefining standards of care. TriSalus remains a science-driven organization with patients at the center of everything we do. Our progress continues to make meaningful difference for people living with liver, pancreatic and other solid tumors. And with that, I'll turn the call over to David.

Thank you, Mary. As Mary mentioned earlier, TriSalus delivered another strong quarter. For the 3 months ended September 30, 2025, revenue was $11.6 million, representing 57% year-over-year growth and 3% sequential growth versus the second quarter. This continued momentum reflects the exceptional performance of our commercial team and the expanding adoption of the TriNav for liver embolization procedures across a growing customer base. In the third quarter, we increased the number of unique ordering accounts by 30% compared to the third quarter of 2024, adding 20 new accounts while also achieving higher utilization per account. Sequential growth reflected expected seasonal trends, a temporary dip in July was driven by lower procedure volumes followed by record levels in both August and September. The gross margin for the quarter was 84% compared to 86% in the prior year period. The modest decline was primarily due to lower manufacturing efficiency associated with newly launched products, a dynamic we expect to improve in the fourth quarter as production stabilizes. Research and development expenses were $5.2 million, up from $4.2 million in the third quarter of 2024. The increase was largely attributable to a onetime charge of approximately $2.1 million related to the closure of our clinical studies for nelitolimod, partially offset by the revision of approximately $700,000 in patent-related costs to general and administrative expenses. Excluding the onetime charge and the revision, R&D spend was down about $400,000 year-over-year. Sales and marketing expenses totaled $6.8 million compared to $6.1 million in the prior year. The increase was primarily due to higher performance-based compensation reflected by our strong commercial momentum. General and administrative expenses were $6.7 million, up from $4.7 million in the third quarter of 2024, driven mainly by the acceleration of approximately $1.6 million in noncash stock-based compensation and the revision of approximately $700,000 of patent-related expenses. Excluding the onetime accelerated stock-based compensation and revision of patents, G&A was down $300,000 year-over-year. Operating loss for the quarter was $9 million compared to $8.7 million in the prior year. The increase was primarily driven by the onetime charge related to the closure of our clinical studies for nelitolimod and the noncash stock-based compensation acceleration in the period. Cash used in operations was $3.7 million, a substantial improvement versus $11.2 million compared to the third quarter of 2024. Adjusted EBITDA loss was $5.4 million, an improvement from $7.1 million in the prior year. This includes approximately $2.1 million in onetime charges related to the PERIO study closeout. The improvement in adjusted EBITDA reflects stronger sales performance, lower underlying R&D spend and disciplined operating expense management. Our cash burn for the quarter was approximately $3.8 million, bringing our quarter end cash and cash equivalents balance to $22.7 million. We believe this provides us ample liquidity to fund our operations and strategic objectives. Subsequent to the quarter, we amended our debt agreement to reduce the minimum cash covenant from $10 million to $5 million, providing additional balance sheet flexibility. As Mary highlighted earlier, the preferred conversion completed in July simplified our capital structure, eliminated the 2027 preferred stock reset provision and better aligned our long-term investor base for future growth. With that, we're ready to open the line for questions.

[Operator Instructions] And the first question comes from Frank Takkinen with Lake Street Capital Markets.

This is Nelson Cox on for Frank. Congrats on all the progress here. I want to start with 2026. I understand you guys are not guiding for that today, but just any color you feel comfortable providing there in terms of how we should be thinking about growth in 2026. When I look at kind of where the Street is at, there's kind of a wide range. So just wanted to give a chance if you guys are comfortable to provide more color there.

Yes, Nelson, this is David. Thank you for the question. Right now, we're confident and very excited about our current momentum, especially in the fourth quarter. So that's really our focus right now. We are maintaining our guidance thus far of the 50% growth and adjusted EBITDA positivity in the first half of next year. But other than that, we're pretty focused on the current operations of the business, and we're excited about it.

All right. Fair enough. And then -- kind of curious if there's any additional color you can provide outside of liver in terms of growth you're seeing in your other indications.

Yes, I can take that, Nelson. One of the things that we're doing right now is we're investing in some of the new applications that our technology can be used for. And yesterday, we had a webinar on uterine artery embolization, and we are right in the middle of our market evaluation for one of our new products, and we're really excited about it. I think this is a product that can be really meaningful for uterine artery embolization, help reduce procedural time, help reduce the amount of embolics that are used, which correlates to reduce pain. And the other important thing is just reduce the administration of embolics into the myometrium tissue, which can cause a lot of post-procedural pain. So we think this could be a major opportunity for us in 2026. We'll enter our full launch in about a week. But already, just based on the feedback and just the utilization and the market evaluation, it's been really robust. I think we mentioned too on our earnings remarks that we are in the midst of a genicular artery embolization trial. That's something that we'll continue to invest in and move even further. We have a new product launch coming in the fourth quarter, which is TriNav Advance. And this one, we think, could be really interesting for us because this is a technology where the interventional radiologist has the potential to use any microcatheter. And we think that could open up the opportunity for other different procedures. I'd like to have Dr. Richard Marshall comment on this. He's actually used this product and also used our XP and maybe you can comment on those as well, Dr. Marshall.

Thanks, Mary, and good afternoon, everybody. So I am very excited about both the XP, which is our product for uterine artery embolization that's currently in limited market release, and the feedback has been great. This will allow physicians to use a TriNav in a part of the body where they couldn't use it or it was very difficult to use previously. The same thing goes for our genicular artery embolization. So currently, we have a pilot trial going on to evaluate this. But in Q4, we'll be launching the advanced product, which will allow physicians to get deeper into these arteries with their favorite microcatheter. So we're going to be giving them the effects of a TriNav, but they're going to still feel like they're using and be able to treat patients like they normally do with their favorite microcatheter. So I think that's going to provide a lot of opportunity, especially in really small arteries and smaller parts of the body like genicular arteries, which is a growing area of treatment. I've been able to use these products. The advance, I have not used in a human yet because it's not available. But I can tell you my experience with it in pigs has been phenomenal. And I think it's going to generate a lot of excitement and expand what we can do, the number of patients that we can treat.

And the next question will come from William Plovanic with Canaccord.

I think as we come into the year, I mean, I just want to -- the revenue was a little light for the quarter. I appreciate the cadence comments regarding August, September. I think that gives you the confidence to finish out the year, which I think consensus is sitting right about that $45 million. But I do think going back to the first question was asked, I mean, there are estimates out there that have over 50% growth next year and up to almost 90% year-over-year growth next year for some of the sell-side analysts. So I understand you don't really want to comment, but is there any reason you think that your revenue growth could accelerate above 50% in '26?

Yes. No, I think it's a great question. So we have not managed the Street to the 2026 numbers. I think those that are closest to the story are pretty familiar with kind of where we see the growth of the business. And we're just not ready to comment on 2026 just yet. We're very focused. We appreciate your understanding and the first quarter being $9 million and then 2 quarters of over $11 million in a row is exactly how we forecasted and we're on target and tracking towards that 50% growth, which will be a nice step-up in the fourth quarter. September was a record month for us, just to close that out and very strong momentum for us. And it was the best month ever for our company. That said, we just don't -- we don't want to comment on 2026 just yet. We're very focused, but confident that we'll hit our 50% growth target.

And then just a follow-up. As we think about the use case -- use cases for mapping, it doubles the opportunity. What percentage of your case mix today is mapping? And then if I could squeeze in just what are you seeing in terms of the new account penetration going deeper versus new account additions as drivers for you?

Perfect. Yes, I'll take the last part. Our new account additions, we are adding about 20 accounts through VAC approval for the quarter. Again, our focus going into this year was opening a lot of accounts, excuse me, were already opened, and we are driving deeper penetration, as you commented. And so our utilization is continuing to grow on a quarterly cadence per account, and that is really driven by new physicians spreading word of mouth using TriNav where we used to have 1 champion. Now we have 1 or 2. And then the newer applications will play a big role as those interventional radiologists are going to be using us not just for the liver. And so to answer your question, very focused deep penetration within each account to improve utilization, and we're seeing that in the numbers, and that's what we're excited about. And I'll turn it over to Mary to talk about mapping.

Bill, thanks so much for a good question. Yes, mapping has actually been a very important driver for us in the back half of the year. I would -- we estimate, and this is based on our -- we don't really have detailed market data or external market data. This is based on our Veeva internal data from our representatives. So we're estimating about 30% of our growth is coming from the mapping. Remember, about half the market is radioembolization. Half the market is chemoembolization. They don't do mapping in the chemoembolization. So we're really seeing kind of a 2 for 1 in the radioembolization. And the other factor has just been because it's a new code and it came out in April, we're working -- we have a reimbursement resource with Dr.

And the next question will come from Ross Osborn with Cantor Fitzgerald.

This is Matthew Park on for Ross today. I guess just starting off, as you initiate the genicular artery embolization study for knee OA, I guess, how do you view the broader competitive landscape developing around here? And where would you see TriNav fitting in within the potential standard of care?

Sure. So GAE is a really exciting opportunity, I think, not only for patients because it can potentially reduce the need for a knee surgery or more fundamentally, it just addresses the immediate pain that these patients are in. We're a drug delivery device. So where we see a lot of the competition coming in this is really around what type of feed that they're administering. Are they resorbable? Are they -- is it different types of drugs that they're administering. And I think the key that we believe that we offer is that we can penetrate these vessels much more deeply, and we can actually protect against off-target delivery. And I'll have Dr. Marshall comment about this because he's been involved in our early cases and our pilot study. And this is -- this drug delivery, we think, can be a very important one in this procedure regardless of what's being administered into the vessels. Dr. Marshall?

Thanks, Mary. I think you highlighted some really good points. The most difficult thing about these cases is being able to deliver particles or liquid into these genicular arteries. It got to go deeply without having it go into places where we don't want it to go. So obviously, the foot is distal or downstream from the knee. And so that's what we all want to protect. And TriNav, with both its flow modulation and reflux protection accomplishes both of those. So it is -- this procedure is already being performed with traditional microcatheters. The interest that we've received so far and the success that we've seen is that physicians do an angiogram with the TriNav and they say, they can see vessels a lot better. And then when they deliver their microspheres or their liquid embolic, they can push it in much further without having to worry about nontarget embolization. So they feel safer and more confident. We've got some other positive feedback that we're going to publish in the near future about how we can treat multiple sites from one injection. And I think that's going to -- that is going to distinguish this catheter from the traditional way of treatment. It's going to allow physicians to do this procedure faster and better.

Got it. That's super helpful color. And then maybe one for David. So on gross margins, you called out some headwinds in the quarter driven by these newly launched products. I guess how should we think about the cadence of gross margin over the next couple of quarters and when you would kind of expect these manufacturing efficiencies to come back in?

Perfect. I think the short answer is the fourth quarter we'll see an uptick. We've done -- we've thrown a lot at our manufacturing team with 4 new products and 8 new SKUs in 1 single year, but we're proud of kind of where we've evolved our processes, our procedures and our lot sizes to really scale efficiently. So we should see normalized gross margins here in the fourth quarter and then expanding early next year as well.

And our next question will come from Carl Byrnes with Northland Capital Markets.

Congratulations on your progress. Going back to TARE mapping, what have you experienced with respect to conversion of existing TARE users with TriNav to mapping? Is it -- I know you mentioned that there's some education process around the new HCPCS code, the C8004 code. Are you -- can you quant that at all? I know you quanted the revenue growth of 30% for mapping, but do you have any feel there?

Yes. That's -- I mean, I think what -- the data that I have is what I shared with you that comes out of Veeva. I think all I could really offer you is anecdotal data. Maybe I'll have Dr. Marshall respond. Dr. Marshall, how do you think about this? Just the impression that we get from physicians now is everyone likes to map with the same technology that they treat with. You want to make sure that what you see in the initial session is what you're going to define your dose on and how you're going to treat the patient. And I think that's been a big message for us as we interface with physicians. And that's been the big conversion because they've been doing -- oftentimes, they'll do it with an endhole, then they'll want to treat with an endhole. So now we're converting 2 catheters versus the 1, and that's really what's been driving the majority of the upside. But to your question, I don't have that definitive data. Dr. Marshall, do you want to weigh in?

I do. I'll reinforce it. I think physicians want -- they basically want to treat apples and apples. They don't want to map with 1 catheter and then treat with another because when they give Y90 or this radiation, they can't take it back. And so it has to do what they think it's going to do. And I think physicians have been really impressed with the angiography quality that they get from TriNav because of the way that contrast goes through it and is pressurized into arteries, they can see things better. And so that's a lot of the feedback that I get is not only can I map with the same catheter that I'm treating with, I'm actually seeing things and sometimes seeing more tumors. So the feedback has been very positive. We do still have some education to do for physicians who understand that they can use the catheter and it's covered by insurance or Medicare, Medicaid with a CPT code.

Great. Very helpful. And then just one quick follow-up. What are you seeing with respect to adoption of LV and FLX and in what procedure specifically?

I can comment on this. So we have centers that have converted completely to FLX that they love the catheter and they only want to use that. Those are centers that typically do more selective treatments. So smaller portions of the liver and smaller arteries that may be that are a farther distance for the catheter to travel. And so they appreciate the trackability of that catheter being able to go out farther. Whereas others are -- seem to be more comfortable, but I think we've had a lot of users convert to FLX. It's been very well received. LV has helped us in areas where TriNav really shines. And those are really large territory treatment. So for example, half of the liver, we call it a low bar treatment or an entire lobe of the liver. We can -- that valve is larger. And so some patients, for example, with primary liver cancers, hepatocellular carcinoma or metastases that receive a lot of blood flow like neuroendocrine tumors. Those arteries are larger. And so this is a nice fit in both of those scenarios so that the valve can fit appropriately and they can actually inject more contrast and particles faster because it's a larger catheter. So I think people really appreciate that. Outside of the liver, we've seen some use of TriNav FLX in thyroid arteries because they are tortuous. So it's a nice fit in that area. And the same is true -- was true in uterine artery embolization, but the XP catheter, which we've just released is going to be, I think, it's going to have a lot of growth in uterine artery embolization because it's designed specifically for that. That's been well received so far. I hope that answers your question.

Yes. That's really helpful color, Dr. Marshall. And I think I would add, we saw FLX. We didn't anticipate this to be this robust, but it's already about 35% of our mix. TriNav is at 50% and the large is at about 15%. But we're seeing FLX grow every month. It's been a bit of a race to keep up with how that -- from a manufacturing perspective and how that's growing month-over-month. So it will be interesting now then to see XP. That's been our manufacturing challenges, how -- and remember, we have a single price for all these products. So it's really up to the use of the physician, the type of vessel tortuosity. And so we're just -- that's part of the inefficiency in manufacturing is just trying to estimate how this is changing month-over-month. We think that's going to settle out probably over the next couple of months in 2026.

And our next question will come from Justin Walsh with JonesTrading.

It's great to see you exploring different use cases for TriNav. I'd love to hear your thoughts on the long-term mix of uses if some of these indications are more likely to be more significant than others.

Yes. So that's a really good question. I think when we first looked at our procedural code, there's roughly about 40 different embolization procedures that we could potentially be used for. So we picked ones that we think really have the most significant near-term patient benefit and market benefit. And when we think about uterine artery embolization, kind of the estimates for those markets are probably between -- we've seen the low at the 110, higher at kind of the 250, that could be a significant market opportunity for us. But probably the biggest one that we think that could really even rival the liver market is really GAE. And just based on the patient volume and just the enthusiasm. In fact, we met with a big group of interventional -- not interventional -- radiologists and also some orthopods and they were even excited about potentially using this procedure for even people who have had surgery. 2 days postoperatively, patients are still in enormous pain, and they were thinking about how do we incorporate this procedure to help allow them to do physical therapy more appropriately and recuperate much better. So that's a market that could equal the size of the liver or actually be even higher than that. Maybe I can even have Dr. Marshall talk about that. The thyroid market being very comparable again to the uterine artery embolization, but there's more even beyond these. This is all the ones that we're focused on right now. We've got quite a bit on our plate, but we really believe this type of embolization approach can really benefit patients in terms of minimally invasive surgery, often can take a surgical procedure and make it more cost effective for the payer, a better outcome for the patient and potentially be used in combination with other treatments as well. So Dr. Marshall, do you want to comment on that?

Yes. And so we're talking about delivery of embolics right now, and we still have more room to grow in the liver, obviously. But the -- I think the elephant in the room is genicular artery embolization, just the number of patients that have osteoarthritis. And with a population that's aging, the number of knees that are going to need to be treated in the future is going to grow quite a bit. So we have a great solution for that, and that's why I think it's going to be a huge area of growth for us.

And our next question comes from Suraj Kalia with Oppenheimer.

This is Shaymus on for Suraj. Just one from our end, but just trying to cut this, I guess, two different ways. So how has kind of growth/utilization look for accounts that launched, say, 18 months ago versus 1 year ago versus 6 months? How kind of -- has the ramp kind of been increasing over time? And I guess, could you kind of quantify that? And then on a separate note, again, on utilization, how does utilization for a physician that's added on with an existing account look over time?

No, that's a really good question. We segment accounts into 2 major buckets. And oftentimes, if an account really hasn't had any education about the tumor microenvironment or some of the challenges associated with interstitial tumoral pressure and the challenges associated with it. We call that a bit of a cold account. That's going to take a little bit longer. So it really depends on the type of account, an account that's more familiar with that, that's a much faster ramp. But overall, we see accounts that we started 18 months ago just continue to improve month-over-month. And a lot of that improvement is we get one user in account, they're using it very consistently. And I think one of the things that we've also seen in parallel is as we offered these new options of devices, it allows that single physician to use more and more cases because we didn't have really the best technology for that particular patient. So we're seeing that current user grow in a deeper amount of use within his patient population, and we're also seeing the new users kind of start down that path. So if it's an account that is receptive and educated along those lines, we see a more rapid uptake. If it's an account that doesn't have that information that we're starting a little bit from ground zero, and we need to do some of that education and really get them familiar with the technology and the rationale and then they get to see the technology and use. And those take a little bit longer. So those are the two buckets that we have. And I don't know, Dr. Marshall, you can talk about it as well, but we're seeing -- I think what we're excited about is we continue to see the continual utilization grow pretty steadily, and it seems to marry how we've launched these new products, too, because now we've expanded the options for them to really address any vessel size or vessel tortuosity that they see in a particular patient, and we think that's going to accelerate over time. Dr. Marshall?

Yes. I think we typically see a single user at a site become a champion for us and start to use our catheter. And these older accounts where a physician has been treating patients and seeing the results and they show them to their partners, then partners can start to understand, okay, maybe there really is something to this if they're not educated about the tumor microenvironment. And so we see that growth for sure, that grows from one partner who's getting better results and then all of a sudden, the other partners start to show some interest and start to try to use it in their cases. And certainly, as physicians see their own results, then they start to apply it to additional treatment tumor types, treatment scenarios. And that's what we've seen. That's what we saw with adoption in uterine artery embolization. So I think that explains the general idea of how it grows within a facility.

I show no further questions in the queue at this time. I would now like to turn the call back over to Mary for closing remarks.

Thank you, everyone, for joining the call and all your active support and interest in the company. We really appreciate it. Thank you again.