FROG - NASDAQ

Ladies and gentlemen, thank you for joining us, and welcome to JFrog's Fourth Quarter and Fiscal 2023 Financial Results Conference Call. I'll hand the conference over today to Jeffrey Schreiner, VP, Investor Relations. Jeffrey, please go ahead.

Good afternoon, and thank you for joining us as we review JFrog's fourth quarter and full year fiscal 2023 financial results, which were announced following the market close today via a press release. Leading the call today will be JFrog's CEO and Co-Founder, Shlomi Ben Haim; and Ed Grabscheid, JFrog's CFO. During this call, we may make statements related to our business that are forward-looking under federal securities laws and are made pursuant to the Safe Harbor provisions of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995, including statements related to our future financial performance, including our outlook for Q1 and the full year of 2024. The words anticipate, believe, continue, estimate, expect, intend, will, and similar expressions are intended to identify forward-looking statements or similar indications of future expectations. You are cautioned not to place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements which reflect our views only as of today and not as of any subsequent date. Please keep in mind that we are not obligating ourselves to revise or publicly release the results of any revision to these forward-looking statements in light of new information or future events. These statements are subject to a variety of risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from expectations. For a discussion of material risks and other important factors that could affect our actual results, please refer to our Form 10-K for the year ended December 31st, 2022, and our most recent report on Form 10-Q, which is available on the Investor Relations section of our website and the earnings press release issued earlier today. Additional information will be made available in our Form 10-K for the year ended December 31st, 2023, to be filed with the SEC on February 15th, 2024, and other filings and reports that we may file from time to time with the SEC. Additionally, non-GAAP financial measures will be discussed on this conference call. These non-GAAP financial measures which are used as a measure of JFrog's performance, should be considered in addition to, not as a substitute for, or in isolation from GAAP measures. Please refer to the tables in our earnings release for a reconciliation of those measures to their most directly comparable GAAP financial measures. A replay of this call will be available on the JFrog's Investor Relations website for a limited time. With that, I'd like to turn the call over to JFrog's CEO, Shlomi Ben Haim. Shlomi?

Thank you, Jeff. Good afternoon to you all and thank you for joining the call. I'm proud to report that JFrog closed fiscal year 2023 on a strong note, with quarterly and annual results that exceeded our guidance. Despite macroeconomic and geopolitical headwinds, JFrog delivered on our commitments to the market, driving consistent revenue growth and profitability. Our commitment to meeting extending market demand through a unified platform that integrates DevOps, Security, and MLOps across the entire software supply chain, extending to the edge device, once again, both for this quarter and throughout the entire year. This is evident in the significant adoption of our platform by the enterprise, which will also be discussed in today's call. In fiscal year 2023, JFrog delivered total revenue of $349.9 million, up 25% year-over-year. JFrog's fourth quarter revenue was $97.3 million, reflecting 27% year-over-year growth, with a gross margin of 84.6% and $32 million in free cash flow. Our cloud revenues continued to show momentum in Q4, equaling $36 million, a growth of 59% year-over-year. This growth was primarily driven by our cloud-first and multi-cloud strategy, which powers growth in cloud platform subscription, as well as increases in consumption. In Q4, JFrog customers with ARR greater than $100,000 grew to 886 compared to 736 in the prior year, increasing 20% year-over-year. Customers with ARR greater than $1 million increased to 37, up from 19 in the year-ago period, growing 95% year-over-year, which we attribute to our strategic investment in the enterprise top-down go-to-market approach. Now, I will address some of the market themes we are observing and standouts set by JFrog. Developers and machines on the left, as well as production owners and hackers on the right, continue to be laser-focused on the binary as the key asset being utilized throughout the software supply chain. We believe that DevOps, DevSecOps, MLOps, and MLSecOps will continue to converge into a single system of record for the enterprise. The most important asset, binaries, is at the core of every software supply chain and will need to be effectively secured and managed by every organization. As we observe in the market, a fast and trusted software supply chain flow with embedded security is the flow of binaries. This trend drove some of our customers' top priorities in Q4, as well as emerging opportunities in our market. On today's call, I will discuss cloud consumption and cloud migrations. Next, I will cover the enterprise demand for modern holistic security solutions. Then, the trend of point solution tooling consolidation around the JFrog software supply chain platform, and finally discuss the emerging opportunities for AI and ML tooling. First, I will address our cloud business. Early in 2023, due to the macroeconomic changes and cost optimization efforts by our customers, some cloud initiatives were delayed. Slowly into the year, we saw an improvement in the frequency of on-prem to cloud migration projects being restarted alongside extending consumption in the second half of the year as we shared in previous calls. We saw themes of platform consolidation and modern security tool adoption, together with DevOps capabilities in the cloud becoming the [stand-out] [ph]. Late in Q3, JFrog closed a large-scale deal with AT&T to become their single source of record for secure binary management and delivery, including with our advanced security offerings. Working hand-in-hand with AT&T's leadership teams, JFrog was chosen as a strategic partner to consolidate software supply chain tools with a single platform in the cloud. AT&T's General Manager and Vice President of R&D, Rinat

Thank you, Shlomi, and good afternoon, everyone. During the fourth quarter of 2023, total revenues were $97.3 million, up 27% year-over-year. For the full fiscal year 2023, revenues were $349.9 million, up 25% year-over-year. As noted by Shlomi, we saw continued reacceleration in cloud customer usage during the fourth quarter, with revenues equaling $36 million, up 59% year-over-year and representing 37% of total revenues versus 30% in the prior year. For fiscal year 2023, our cloud revenues equaled $119.3 million, up 50% year-over-year, and equaled 34% of total revenues versus 28% in the prior year. During the fourth quarter, we saw 6 points of one-time growth year-over-year, or roughly $1.5 million within our cloud revenues. The majority of one-time contributions came from higher-than-typical revenue true-ups. The growth above our guidance of a rate in the mid-40%s for our cloud business in 2023 is driven by increasing customer usage trends and strong growth within our greater than $1 million customer cohort. Self-managed revenues or on-prem were $61.3 million, up 14% year-over-year during the fourth quarter. For the full year 2023, self-managed revenues increased 15% compared to the prior year. We expect the trend of slower expansion within our self-hosted business to continue through 2024 as more new customers land and expand in our cloud solutions. Net dollar retention for the four trailing quarters has stabilized as projected at 119%, a decline of 9 points year-over-year due to macro headwinds and slower cloud migration trends. Our gross retention rate remained at 97%. During 2023, we saw another year of strong customer adoption of the complete JFrog platform, driven by customers looking to consolidate and secure their software supply chain. In Q4, 49% of total revenues came from Enterprise+ subscriptions, up from 43% in Q4 2022. Driven by the strong execution of our top-down go-to-market strategy and platform consolidation, revenue contribution from E+ subscriptions grew 50% year-over-year in 2023. Now, I'll review the income statement in more detail. Gross profit in the quarter was $82.3 million, representing a gross margin of 84.6% compared to 83.7% in the year-ago period. The increase in gross margin relative to the year-ago period is attributable in part to optimization within our cloud hosting costs and ongoing cost discipline efforts. We expect annual gross margins will remain between 83% and 84% in the near future and then trend towards the low-80%s aligned with our long-term model as cloud revenues become a greater portion of our total revenue. Operating expenses for the fourth quarter were $66.1 million, up $3.9 million sequentially, equaling 68% of revenues, up from $62.5 million or 82% of revenues in the year-ago period. We continue to remain focused on expense discipline while investing in scaling our enterprise sales team and channel partner ecosystem. Our operating profit in Q4 was $16.2 million or 16.6% operating margin compared to an operating profit of $1.6 million or 2.1% operating margin in the year-ago period, a 14.5% improvement in operating margin. In 2023, we delivered another year of non-GAAP net income profitability with earnings per share of $0.51 based on approximately 109 million weighted average diluted shares, compared to $0.04 per share in the prior year and 105 million weighted average diluted shares. Turning to the balance sheet and cash flow. We ended the year with $545 million in cash and short-term investments, up from $443.2 million as of December 31st, 2022. Cash flow from operations was $32.6 million in the quarter. After taking into consideration our CapEx requirements, free cash flow was $32 million or 33% free cash flow margin, representing a quarterly record for JFrog. For the full fiscal year 2023, we generated $74.2 million in operating cash flow, and $72.2 million in free cash flow, or 21% margin, a free cash flow annual record. We remain committed to our free cash flow margin targets provided within our long-term model, implying an estimated mid-point of 28% over the coming years. As of December 31st, 2023, our remaining performance obligation totaled $259.8 million. Now, I'd like to speak about our outlook and guidance for the first quarter and full year of 2024. Our outlook for 2024 implies continued strength within our cloud business, driven by expectations for increasing customer usage along with stable growth in migrations similar to the second half of 2023. We estimate fiscal 2024 baseline cloud growth around the mid-40%s for the full year. Given the dynamics of our self-hosted and cloud business in 2023, we now expect our net dollar retention ratio to be in the high teens exiting the fiscal year 2024. We will continue to expand operating expenses on a dollar basis during 2024, but see continued room for operating leverage driven by ongoing cost optimizations offset by investment in strategic sales and channels, combined with targeted R&D spending on future growth opportunities. For Q1, we expect revenues to be between $98 million and $99 million, equaling around 23% year-over-year growth at the mid-point, with non-GAAP operating profit between $12.5 million to $13.5 million, and non-GAAP earnings per diluted share of $0.13 to $0.15, assuming a share count of approximately 113 million shares. For the full year of 2024, we anticipate a revenue range between $424 million and $428 million. Non-GAAP operating income is expected to be between $56 million and $58 million, and non-GAAP earnings per diluted share of $0.58 to $0.60, assuming a share count of approximately 116 million shares. Now, I'll turn the call back to Shlomi for some closing remarks before we take your questions.

Thank you, Ed. Less than a week ago, Israelis observed their Annual Family Day, a day to acknowledge and express gratitude for the family members in their lives. It has been over four months since many families were torn apart by the brutality of the terror organization, Hamas. As we speak, over 130 hostages, including infants, mothers, every individuals, and civilians, are still being held in underground cages in Gaza. We pray for a fast and safe return of the hostages to their loved ones, to their families, and we stand in solidarity with Israel, hoping for a peaceful future in the region. To the JFrog team, your resolve and resilience amidst these challenges are unmatched and I'm proud to represent your hard work in 2023. You exceeded our commitments to the market and delivered in a challenging macroeconomic and geopolitical environment. My team, you have the spirit of Lions and heart of Frogs, I can't wait to win 2024 with you. To our shareholders, we continue to believe that JFrog is well positioned to achieve success as we focus on sustainable growth drivers across DevOps, Security, and MLOps, all delivered to the enterprise by our software supply chain platform. We are committed to the long-term model shared with you early last year and are happy to report on the solid execution in 2023. Our performance is the result of your trust in us. Thanks for attending our call today. Happy Valentine's Day, and may the Frog be with you. Operator, we are now open to take questions.

[Operator Instructions] Our first question comes from the line of Sanjit Singh with Morgan Stanley. Please go ahead.

Thank you for taking my questions. And I guess one word, wow, spectacular quarter, particularly the cloud results. And so, let me start with the cloud business. I don't think I've seen acceleration in the cloud business, particularly in Q4, in a number of years. And so, I was hoping if you give me some detail on why you saw the inflection that you did. By our math, the sort of incremental dollar adds were up well over 200% year-over-year. And so it seems like a pretty major inflection when a lot of other cloud consumption companies have a seasonally week December, those types of dynamics, you guys didn't see that. So, would just love to better understand underneath the covers what's driving the acceleration.

Yes, Sanjit, thank you for the kind feedback. Yes, we performed well -- very well on the last quarter, especially in the cloud with 59% year-over-year growth. And what we have seen is what we projected in the second half of 2023. Unlike the freezing momentum we had in the beginning of the year, we started to see our customers, especially the enterprise, starting to climb back up with the consumption. While migration to the cloud is still coming with some hesitation, consumption is back, especially around the infrastructure, and especially when you bet your software delivery and software supply chain, security, and DevOps on a cloud infrastructure. We were very happy to see this coming back as projected and as we guided for the next year, we are seeing this from momentum in consumption keep happening.

I'd like to add that. Yes, Q4 is a seasonably high renewal quarter for us. So, some cloud customers at the end of those contract terms may require revenue true-ups based on their differences between the actual data consumption and contractual commitments. Those true-ups that we discussed, the majority of those are happening because of this circumstance. It hasn't been material in the past, but we thought we'd call them out in this call.

And just sort of as a follow-up to that, any way to like quantify those true-ups and those impacts in Q4? And then looking more broadly into 2024, it seems like we're on the cusp of a new sort of innovation cycle. And given the way sort of JFrog prices its solutions, and now you have a growing cloud business, if software development projects are coming back in a meaningful way this year, how does that sort of impact JFrog from a financial revenue top-line growth perspective, you can sort of draw an improving potential budget environment, software development project coming back, how does that -- how do you expect that to influence the numbers going to 2024 and beyond?

So, we -- right now, what we see is that consumption continues to have improvements, and we saw that in the second half of this year, and we anticipate that to be the same through 2024. Migrations have not increased. Although we saw a slight increase in the second half of 2023, we anticipate stabilization of those large customer migrations in 2024. We're certainly not back to the same levels that we saw during 2022. If the budgets and -- we see broadening of the budgets, then we may see improvements in the large customer migrations and that could potentially increase, but for now, we're staying tactically cautious and we're seeing our cloud in the mid-40%s growth.

Excellent. Thank you very much.

Our next question comes from the line of Pinjalim Bora with JPMorgan. Please go ahead.

Hi, this is Rachit on for Pinjalim. Can you help us understand the puts and take about the Advanced Security and the Curation and how you are thinking about it in terms of the contribution for 2024?

Yes, hi. This is Shlomi. I'll take this one. Security is embedded in our platform. During 2023, we started to release quarter by quarter more and more solutions around the DevSecOps landscape to secure the software supply chain. JFrog Advanced Security was the first JFrog Curation that followed. There are more to come and we see customers now looking to consolidate point solutions around one platform. So, as we guided the market, we assume that security will become a material part of revenue in 2024.

Thank you.

Our next question comes from the line of Mike Cikos with Needham and Company. Please go ahead.

Hi, thanks for taking the question, guys. If I could come back to -- I think it was building off of your response to Sanjit's second question regarding what's in the guidance here. And so, I know that you guys are saying, hey, consumption continues to show these improvements. We've seen it in the second half of calendar '23. We expect that to persist in '24. That I understand. I think what confused me, and this might have been your comment, Ed, and I really just want to crystallize this here, but I think the comment was, migration saw a slight increase in 2H CY '23, but we anticipate stabilization in '24. And I just -- could you better contextualize that for me? Like, are we expecting stabilization of that second half base or are we just assuming that the migrations continue to remain almost a little bit more hesitant when thinking about customers' propensity to go through that migration?

Yes. Hi Mike, this is Shlomi. I'll take this one. What we see in the cloud is a result of two avenues of growth. Avenue number one is the consumption, more data transfer, more storage, and our customers are growing with us, those that are already in the cloud. What happened in the beginning of 2023, the end of 2022, is that some of the strategic migration projects were put on hold by the customers. Our on-prem customers and prospects in the market kind of delayed their workload migration to the cloud. And while we started to see a momentum of climbing back with the consumption with those that are already in the cloud, we didn't see kind of the same growth on the migration projects that were released to start moving to the cloud. Now why is that? Mainly because of the fact that if you strategically took a decision to move to the cloud and you didn't start yet, you want the macroeconomic to stabilize and then you will kick off the project again. While if you're already in the cloud, it's easier for you to scale with the consumption. What we assume is that in 2024, we will see more projects of cloud migration happening and still the same momentum of consumption. And therefore, we wanted to stay conservative with how we project the growth in 2024 and guided to mid-40% again.

Understood. Thank you. Thank you for laying that out, Shlomi. I really do appreciate it. And I also just wanted to come back, I -- in your prepared remarks, I know you cited the customer count, which we get on an annual basis. And I appreciate we're at 7,400 now. And a year ago, we were at 7,200, but I was interested, there was a specific comment that you had in relation to the customer count, which said these newer customers you're adding to the portfolio are coming on with higher ASP lands and a higher propensity to expand. And I wanted to get some more color on those two dynamics as well. Could you either give some more color or detail regarding those ASP lands that you're seeing? It makes sense intuitively, just given the expansion of the platform that we have, where we are today versus just a year ago, but wanted to see if we could get something more on that dynamic? Thank you.

Yes, Mike. Well, you've followed JFrog for quite some while. You remember the day that the bottom-up in-bound sales was 90% of our revenue, and we slowly in the past three years, shift from a bottom-up, from a developer's up to a top-down outbound mechanism. Part of what we have done, we also identified what logos we want to go after. And you cannot treat a $1 million land the same as you would do with a $1,000 logo that lands and expands slower. So, we aimed our team toward this direction. We aimed our solutions, technologies, and platforms toward this direction. We started to work with partners and channels toward this direction, and still scored 200 net new customers' logos within our portfolio. What we see with these logos is that they are not only landing with a higher ASP, they also grow faster than the logos that started from free tier or from open source and slowly grew. Now, this is not to say that we are dropping the ball on the SMBs, but when I guide the team, I need to make sure that they are focused not only on what logo we are after, but also what value can we bring to the enterprise versus what value can you bring to the SMBs. Therefore, I'm very pleased with this result, and this would be the focus moving forward as well.

Our next question comes from the line of Koji Ikeda with Bank of America. Please go ahead.

Hi, guys. Thanks for taking the questions. Just a couple from me here. I wanted to ask a question on optimization. In the prepared remarks and the guidance, there was a mention of optimization, so I just wanted to be very clear here. Are you calling out that some companies might still be having optimizations? Is that more or less what's going on? Do you anticipate optimizations to continue? Does the guidance incorporate a fair amount of optimization assumptions, or did I just completely mishear that, and are optimizations more or less in the rear-view mirror for you guys?

Hi Koji, this is Ed. No, the comment was not about optimization from the customers. This is more internal in the optimizations that we have internally to drive leverage in our P&L.

Got it. Now, thank you for that clarification. And then I wanted to have a follow-up on the net revenue retention. You know, clearly here at 119%, it looks like it's stabilized. Is it safe to say it's bottomed and it should expand from here? And just to really think it through, if it were to dip again, what would be the causes of that?

Yes. So, Koji, we feel that the net dollar retention rate is stabilized, and we're saying we'll be within the high teens. The high teens means between 117% to 119%, but we feel like we've stabilized net dollar retention at this point.

Our next question comes from the line of Ittai Kidron with Oppenheimer. Please go ahead.

Thanks, guys, and thanks for your comments, Shlomi, at the end of your prepared remarks. It's important. Had a question -- I'm kind of tying some of the points that Ed also mentioned on the call. Love to get more better understanding, as the relative contribution of migrations versus new to your cloud business, can you give us a little bit more quantitative, if not qualitative, assessment of the relative contribution of those two to the growth? And related to that, Shlomi, I know your focus has been clearly on expanding customers, but if cloud itself is self-serve, is there no room for better or faster new customer additions? It feels like the technical complexity of ramping as a new customer should be significantly lowered. Why should that not unlock by itself faster new customer additions?

Yes. Hi Ittai, You have a very good question. It's not just consumption versus migration, it's also migration and prospects in the cloud. So, what I would say to that point is that the majority of our prospects are not even considering self-office. It's not that 10 years ago market that it was a debate. Most of our prospects will start in the cloud unless they are in a highly regulated environment and, therefore, they will look for a self-office solution. So, new customers will usually land in the cloud. We provide a multi-cloud solution. We provide a hybrid solution. It gives them all the options. Regarding the new logo count, well, listen, this is a company that built a platform and added technologies and new persona, entered new addressable market, moved from open source bottom-up to top-down enterprise sales. I committed to you guys that we will be focused on a very strong execution and delivery of what we promised. And in order to do that, we have to choose our battles. And in order to choose our battles, I'm asking my team, what is it that you have in your pipeline? And we have to choose from the pipeline what will deliver on the results that would be aligned with the guidance and the long-term model. So, maybe in the future, we will invest more, but there is that much we can do without distracting the Company. I think we chose well.

Okay. Very good. And then as a follow-up, I can't help but feel somehow that the tone in the call now is a little bit different than what it was in the last two, three quarters, in the sense that through '23, you were very much focused on security, and clearly rolling out Advanced Security and Curations. And while you did mention DevSecOps clearly on this earnings call, it wasn't what you've kind of led with, which was the case two, three quarters ago. So, I want to make sure I'm not missing anything here. As I think about '24, and perhaps even a little peek into '25, when you look at your growth drivers, is cloud/pushing customers into the enterprise plus tier, a bigger driver to you than what Security -- like, how should we qualify how big of a contributor do you think about -- do you think Security is for you over the next year or two? Is it a small driver or a big driver? I just want to make sure I'm not losing focus here.

Thank you for this question. Security was in our focus for the past two years since we acquired VDOO. We built a full security suite with JFrog Advanced Security, with JFrog Curation, with a static analysis. We started to migrate customers from point solutions to our security solution, but it was only released a few quarters ago, as you remember. Now, Security is embedded into our platform. And the main differentiator that JFrog brings to the market as a security provider is that we also bring it with the Artifactory the center, with a single source of records. We protect your assets from the get-go all the way to the release. So, for sure, Security is a very important piece when we are offering our customers to upgrade to higher subscriptions, Enterprise X and Enterprise+. Still, cloud growth is a very important item in our growth planning. And having cloud growing not only on DevOps, but with Security, I think we will see other numbers in consumption, and we might even see companies coming to JFrog because of Security first, although it's still not the majority of our revenue, not in '24 and not in '25. It will become material, but not the majority of our revenue.

Our next question comes from the line of Miller Jump with Truist. Please go ahead.

Great. Thank you for taking the question, and I'll echo my congrats on the strong results. I guess just starting, customers over a $1 million in ARR really picked up steam in the second half. Given the go-to-market investments that you saw driving this, is this something that you all feel you actually might have the ability to accelerate with more investment there, or is it a matter of customers getting more mature and demanding the full platform?

Hi, Miller. This is Ed. So, it's really, at this point, it's difficult to know. This is a customer decision, and it requires commitments of budgets and resources. And at this point, it's unknown. We have good line of sight in the first half of the year, but in terms of the second half, we don't have as much visibility. So, it's really, at this point, difficult for us to know if that accelerates.

And then I will add to that, Miller, I'm sorry. This is Shlomi. I just want to add to it. We are looking at the customers over $1 million, obviously outstanding results, and we build this momentum throughout the year. But there is also a growth in the over $100,000 customers, and these customers are slowly climbing. There are still a lot of customers that are falling between $0.5 million to $999,000 that we are not reporting. So, we need to bring more value to let them kind of embrace the full solution from JFrog, and then I think you will see this momentum keep happening.

Definitely. That's helpful, and we're looking forward to the continued execution there. I guess maybe one more for Ed, just on the cloud side. Could you just remind us what you're seeing in terms of growth characteristics from your cloud customer base versus self-managed customers in terms of maybe like a net retention basis and how that could impact the model as we get more of mix shifted to cloud?

Yes. So, we have significantly higher net dollar retention rates coming from our cloud versus our self-hosted. This is the reason why we continue to invest in the cloud and the migrations from self-hosted to cloud because we see better outcomes in terms of our growth and the net dollar retention rates on the cloud side.

Our next question comes from the line of Marc Bachner with Stifel. Please go ahead.

Great. Thank you, and thanks for all the detail. I think on Security, you guys talked about it being material after releasing it a few quarters ago, so just hoping to get sort of a comparison on MLOps and where you guys see that, is the early POC activity and how you see that maturing in comparison to how Security has matured over the last few quarters. Thank you.

Yes, hi. So, regarding Security in the world of MLOps, what we call MLSecOps, what we see now, a quarter after we released the support for Hugging Face and the native support in Artifactory and Xray for scanning malicious models, is that no enterprise ignores the revolution that AI brings, so they all try to set some standoffs and policies around what is the right and safe way to use the ML models within the software supply chain. Artifactory serves ML as a package, models as a package, yet another binary, and therefore Xray scan them, so we know already that our customers are setting the single source of records for MLOps with what we release. What you should expect in the future during '24 and '25 is the extension of the MLOps and MLSecOps solution coming from JFrog. It goes hand-in-hand, Security and ML model, ML hosting in the platform. So, that's how we plan to extend our solution for MLOps and not just DevOps.

Our next question comes from the line of Kingsley Crane with Canaccord. Please go ahead.

Hi. Congrats on the fantastic quarter. So, Shlomi, I want to start with you. I appreciated your comments about how you're helping customers build with MLOps. Within the DevOps space, I think you're relatively unique in that you're more highly concentrated in really large enterprises. Just curious what you're seeing in terms of AI/ML developer activity, how much that has changed in the past year, trying to get a better sense of how much of this is concentrated within large enterprises versus some of these newer started companies in the past two, three years.

Yes. That's a great question. Some of it will come from our very early experience in the world of MLOps and some of it from the service we are leading and customer consultation. It is very clear now that the DevOps service providers within the organization, the security service providers within the organization, will also cover the service that is required to support the adoption of MLOps and MLSecOps. Therefore, Artifactory is playing a key role as a repository for models and a proxy and caching for models. And Xray and our security solutions are covering the aspects of MLSecOps to secure it while using it. So, I think that what we should expect is, DevOps engineers and ML engineers are becoming one to provide services to the consumers with inside the organization, data scientists, Python developers, and so on. With regard to what we hear from the customers is that they are planning -- AI is running a thousand times faster than every disruption we saw in the past and they are planning to have some of these assets in production during 2024. Therefore, we were early in 2023 starting to work on it, released it to GA in the last quarter of the year and now our platform is getting more and more mature to support the demand that is coming from our own customers, the DevOps engineers that are now supporting the MLS initiative.

Thanks, Shlomi. That's really great to hear and really helpful. And so, just as $1 million customers and $100,000 customers, they both progressed really nicely in this past year. Just want to hear more thoughts about what you think is the biggest unlock for you and then how much could we attribute to an increase in development activity versus just maybe vendor consolidation?

So, really, as Shlomi mentioned previously on the call there, we have quite a bit of customers that are sitting between that $0.5 million to $999,000. This really becomes an unlock through technology, so developing technology, adding new features, and then being able to increase ASPs to drive above $1 million. So, we see opportunity there in terms of driving that increase to the $1 million customer. In addition to that, we talked about, as we build our top-down model, we invest in the enterprise and the go-to-market, we're landing at a much higher ASP and we're bringing in better quality customers and those customers have more durable growth. That will get us to the $100 million customer quicker.

Yes. And to add to it, when we are building the plans for 2024, I think that the momentum that we will see from one quarter to another will be similar because customers are also starting the year, starting to plan their budget. Not everyone jumps and spends it all on the first quarter. So, we build this alongside with our product and R&D roadmap to make sure that when the value is there, they will not hesitate to take the bet with JFrog as they did in 2023.

Our next question comes from the line of Yi Fu Lee with Cantor Fitzgerald. Please go ahead.

Thank you for taking my question and congrats on the strong finish to -- of 2023. First one for Shlomi. Like, in terms of your cash balance, great to see that you went from about $400 million to over $500 million right now. Any thoughts on like large M&As or even tuck-ins to like further enhance the platform? And then I have one for Ed. A quick follow-up for Ed.

That's a great question. I don't know what large M&A means every time I hear it…

Or tuck-ins.

M&As are a part of our strategy. We have a full team that sets the radar for the next few years as we discuss our M&A strategy. As you know, JFrog acquired nine companies in the past years. And we plan to grow inorganically as well. Some areas that we are looking at, obviously, reinforce our Security to the left and to the right. And also to shorten the time to market with MLOps, MLSecOps, and AI initiatives. I'm saying shorten the time to market because as you probably know, every two days there is a new company that claims that they are the next AI company. And we want to make sure what we bring in is not just the talents but also the technology that will support our enterprise demand.

Thanks for that, Shlomi. And a quick follow-up on the financial side with Ed. In terms of the linearity for the quarter, can you just kind of discuss like how the quarter trended and what you are seeing so far year-to-date? That's it for me. Thank you and congrats.

Sorry, I didn't quite understand the question at first. The linearity of the…

Like, I was wondering if you could comment on the linearity for the quarter. How did it trended from October to November to December? It didn't sound like there was any drop-off, like even though there was a holiday in December. And then if you could comment on the so far year-to-date, the performance till early February.

Thank you for the clarification. From a linearity perspective, yes, we didn't see -- first of all, December seasonably is a drop-off. And we did see some drop-offs, but for the most part, we saw a pretty straight linearity for the quarter. We haven't seen much change in January at this point, but we're not going to comment on Q1.

Our next question comes from the line of Rob Owens with Piper Sandler. Please go ahead.

Yes. Great. Thanks for taking my question. Just one for me, curious on sales and marketing as we think about 2024 and just sales capacity additions, especially with the top-down selling motion, just how aggressive are you going to be to add sales staff moving forward and also what you're doing from a partnering perspective? Thanks.

Yes. So, thank you, Rob. As you remember, we discussed it multiple times, we are hiring enterprise-experienced sales representatives together with the right executive on the marketing side, customer success. It's a full cycle. It's not just the sales account managers. In addition to that, we invest a lot in increasing our partners and channel's ecosystem, not just our partnership with AWS, GCP, and Azure, but also standalone companies that are promoting our solutions and access the channels. On top of that, we're also increasing the number of our overlay reps that can bring the security experience to the market. So, we see those expert sales representatives that are coming from security backgrounds. This is -- these are all additions to the strategic sales team that we discussed before and to the entire enterprise sales team that we build together now.

Thank you.

Our next question comes from the line of Nick Altmann with Scotiabank. Please go ahead.

Awesome. Thanks, guys. Earlier, you guys had made some comments on how customers are landing at higher ASPs and you're actually seeing sort of greater expansion motions from some of these customers. Can you just maybe talk about sort of what's driving that and when you look over the next several years, how durable is that trend or do you think it's kind of more of a near-term trend that you're just kind of seeing over the last couple of quarters here?

Thank you, Nick. What really drives the higher ASP, especially when you step to a technology, technologies, they are allergic to fluffy values. If they are not solid and concrete, they will not respond to it. So, what really drives that is that you answer their pain. And from the outside in, the pain that we hear about is, help me to consolidate the numerous tools that we currently use in order to run one delivery process. So, having consolidations of tools in one platform is one reason for customers to land higher. The second reason is that when they move from another tool to JFrog, they are already educated with what they want to achieve. They already know how DevOps works, how Security works. And when they move to JFrog, most cases, it will come with the expectation to scale. So, they are willing to commit to higher numbers. They are willing to commit to a higher volume. They know that JFrog scales to infinity, unlike the other tools. And therefore, they land higher with their ASP. There are other reasons, but these are the main two. And obviously, when it comes with the cloud momentum, the consumption and the commitment for the year is another parameter. But these are the main three.

Awesome. And then just another question, kind of building off Rob's earlier question around the go-to-market. I assume you guys recently had your sales kickoff. And I know you're focused on sort of the top-down sales motion. But just coming out of the sales kickoff, what was sort of the messaging? What go-to-market tweaks are being made if any? And any meaningful changes to how quota-carrying reps are compensated in 2024? Thanks.

Yes. Well, as we speak, sales kickoffs are happening all over the world. Our sales team, what they hear is that the geography-based execution coming with a full platform that includes Security, having a full platform that can also be hybrid, this is how they should focus their efforts on. To the partners and channels team, we are expanding the solution to land higher with a full holistic solution for DevOps and DevSecOps. But obviously, the focus of JFrog in 2024 will be the joint solution of DevOps and Security together, and this is what my team hears.

There are no further questions at this time. I'll now turn the call back to Shlomi for closing remarks.

I'd like to thank you all for joining us today. Happy Valentine's and may the Frog be with you. Take care, guys.