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Good day, ladies and gentlemen, and welcome to the Aemetis Third Quarter 2024 Earnings Review Conference Call. [Operator Instructions] As a reminder, this conference is being recorded. It is now my pleasure to introduce your host, Mr. Todd Waltz, Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer of Aemetis, Inc. Mr. Waltz, you may begin.

Thank you, Ali. Welcome to the Aemetis third quarter 2024 earnings review conference call. Joining us for the call today is Eric McAfee, Founder, Chairman and CEO of Aemetis; and Andy Foster, President of North America. We suggest visiting our website at aemetis.com to review today’s earnings press release, the Aemetis corporate and investor presentations, filing with the Securities and Exchange Commission, recent press releases and previous earnings conference calls. Before we begin our discussion today, I’d like to read the following disclosure statements. During today’s call, we’ll be making forward-looking statements, including, without limitation, statements with respect to our future stock performance, plans, opportunities and expectations with respect to financing activity and the execution of our business plan. These statements must be considered in conjunction with the disclosures and cautionary warnings that appear in our SEC filings. Investors are cautioned that all forward-looking statements made on this call involve risk and uncertainty and that future events may differ materially from the statements made. For additional information, please refer to the company’s Securities and Exchange Commission filings, which are posted on SEC’s EDGAR system and our own company website. Our discussion on this call will include review of non-GAAP measures as a supplement to financial results based on GAAP because we believe these non-GAAP measures serve as a proxy for our company’s source or use of cash. A reconciliation of the non-GAAP measures to the most directly comparable GAAP measures is included in our earnings release for the third quarter of 2024, which is available on our website. Adjusted EBITDA is defined as net income or loss plus, to the extent deducted in calculating such net income, interest expense, income tax expense, intangible and other amortization expense, accretion expense, depreciation expense and share-based compensation expense. Let’s review the financial results as of the third quarter of 2024. Revenue during the third quarter 2024 increased to $81.4 million compared to $68.7 million for the third quarter of 2023. Our Keyes plant recognized $45 million of revenue during the third quarter with a production of 15.5 million gallons of ethanol. Our Dairy Renewable Natural Gas segment sold 85,993 MMBtus from 9 operating dairy digesters and sold 935,000 RINs and 20,000 metric ton of LCFS credits to report $4.2 million of revenue during the third quarter. Our India Biodiesel business recognized $32.2 million of revenue, primarily from sales to the India oil marketing companies. Gross profit for the third quarter of 2024 was $3.9 million compared to $492,000 profit during the third quarter of 2023. Selling, general and administrative expenses were $7.8 million during the third quarter of 2024 compared to $9 million during the same period of 2023. The decrease in spending was driven primarily by professional services associated with the sale of tax credits during the third quarter of 2023. Operating loss improved to $3.9 million for the third quarter of 2024 compared to an operating loss of $8.5 million for the same period of 2023. Interest expense, excluding accretion of Series A preferred units in the Aemetis Biogas LLC subsidiary, increased to $11.7 million during the third quarter of 2024 compared to $10.2 million during the third quarter of 2023. Additionally, Aemetis Biogas recognized a significantly lower $3.3 million of accretion of Series A preferred units during the third quarter of 2024 compared to $7.7 million during the third quarter of 2023. Net loss was $17.9 million for the third quarter of 2024 compared to net income of $30.7 million for the third quarter of 2023, which was primarily driven by a sale of investment tax credits in September 2023. Cash at the end of the third quarter 2024 was $296,000 compared to $2.7 million at the close of the fourth quarter of 2023. We recorded investments in capital projects related to the reduction of capital intensity of Aemetis’ ethanol production and the construction of dairy digesters of $4.5 million for the third quarter of 2024. Now, I’d like to introduce the Founder, Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of Aemetis, Eric McAfee, for a business update. Eric?

Thank you, Todd. Before we provide details, let me summarize some key items. Number one, the Low Carbon Fuel Standard update passed last Friday, setting 20 years of increasing support for low carbon fuels in transportation in California. In anticipation of the new mandates, the price of LCFS credits has increased from $44 to $74 in the past few months, and the late 2025 LCFS credits are already at $82. Second, to simplify calculations, renewable natural gas generates about 40% of the price of LCFS credits per MMBtu. So, a $200 LCFS price equals about $80 per MMBtu of revenues to Aemetis when our pathways are in place. Exiting this year, our renewable natural gas business is scheduled to be producing more than 500,000 MMBtus per year and to increase to a run rate of about 1 million MMBtus by the end of 2025, as we construct additional dairy digesters. A $100 average LCFS price next year would generate $20 million of revenues from the sale of renewable natural gas, a significant increase from only about $3 million from the sale of LCFS credits this year. In 2026, at an average LCFS price of $150, Aemetis Biogas would generate $60 million of revenues from the sale of 1 million MMBtus of RNG. Third, in addition to LCFS revenues, the sale of RNG generates about $35 per MMBtu of D3 renewable identification numbers and about $5 per MMBtu from the sale of the gas, as well as up to $99 per MMBtu from the 45

Thanks, Eric. In the Aemetis Biogas business, we continue to grow the number of dairies and digesters, funded by the 20-year loans guaranteed by the USDA Renewable Energy for America Program. We received the draft USDA conditional commitment approval for the next $25 million REAP loan and expect to close the funding this quarter after an initial internal delay at the USDA. An additional $50 million of USDA guaranteed funding is in process for closing in the next few months for a total of $75 million of new long-term financing for biogas digester and pipeline construction. The California Air Resources Board has stated that renewable natural gas is an important feedstock for the production of renewable hydrogen for future truck engines, allowing trucks to be zero emission using a carbon-negative fuel. We believe that Aemetis is well positioned to supply renewable natural gas, renewable hydrogen and negative carbon intensity electricity to power future trucks and cars in California, enabling the transition to zero emission and below zero carbon intensity heavy-duty and light-duty vehicles. For the Aemetis Biogas – for the Aemetis ethanol business, the temporary approval of a 15% blend of ethanol in 49 states for this summer and the EPA’s recent statement that a permanent E15 approval will be adopted effective next year is expected to have a positive overall impact on the ethanol – on ethanol industry margins as retailers seek to provide lower-cost fuel to consumers. A few weeks ago, the California State Assembly voted unanimously in favor of completing the work to adopt a 15% ethanol blend in order to lower gasoline prices at the pump. A recent study, as Eric mentioned, by UC Berkeley and the Naval Academy showed that the adoption of a 15% ethanol blend in California would provide $2.7 billion per year savings on fuel costs for consumers, equal to about $0.20 per gallon. Though the E15 proposal wasn’t called in the Senate for approval after the positive assembly vote, 2 weeks later, Governor Newsom issued a letter to CARB stating that all of the work for the approval of E15 should be completed as quickly as possible. As a result of the focus on reducing fuel prices in California, we expect progress on approval during 2025, which we expect would have a very positive impact on Aemetis as the largest ethanol producer in the state of California. A major step in improving our cash flow and energy efficiency at the Keyes plant is the installation of a mechanical vapor recompression system, or MVR. We have completed process design and detailed engineering and are now building and fabricating equipment off-site. The MVR system is designed to reduce fossil natural gas usage by 80% and increase cash flow by $15 million to $29 million annually at the Keyes plant, depending on the value of the LCFS credits. The MVR energy efficiency project is budgeted for a direct cost of almost $21 million and has been awarded $20 million of grants and tax credits from the California Energy Commission, PG&E’s energy incentive program and the Department of Energy and the U.S. Treasury Department. Due to equipment fabrication lead times, we plan to install MVR about a year from now. In the development of our Aemetis sustainable aviation fuel and renewable diesel business, during the first quarter, we received authority to construct air permits for our planned 90 million gallon per year sustainable aviation fuel and renewable diesel plant to be built in Riverbank, California. When operated to produce only sustainable aviation fuel, the design capacity of the plant is approximately 78 million gallons per year of SAF. With the expanding demand for SAF and with limited supply, we continue to discuss the use of innovative pricing structures with our airline customers to accelerate the financing, construction and operation of the SAF plant. As one of the very few companies with all the key permits needed to build a large-scale SAF production facility in the United States, Aemetis will build production facilities to supply renewable aviation fuel to an airline market that is currently not expected to meet its ambitious goals of transitioning to lower carbon intensity operations. Our Aemetis Carbon Capture subsidiary has received California State approval to drill the characterization well. The first phase of drilling and installation of the conductor pipe for the characterization well was completed about a month ago, and we are working on the second phase of drilling. We plan to use the data from the characterization well to obtain a federal Class VI sequestration well permit and then construct a CO2 injection well and compression system on the Riverbank site with the capacity to sequester approximately 1.4 million tons of CO2 per year. Eric?

Thanks, Andy. All five Aemetis business segments are synergistic and create what we refer to as a circular bioeconomy. We are very pleased with the adoption of the updated low carbon fuel standard in California, and we look forward to E15 approval, as California seeks to reduce gasoline prices at the pump. Our company’s values include a long-term commitment to building value for stockholders, the empowerment of and respect for our employees and business partners, and making significant and positive contributions to the communities we serve. Now, let’s take some questions from our call participants.

[Operator Instructions] Our first question is coming from Manav Gupta with UBS. Your line is life.

Congrats, guys. Behind the scenes, we know you guys worked very hard to get this LCFS amended and approved. So congratulations on your hard work. My first question to you, Eric and team, is, in your opinion, this 9% step-down, coupled with AAM, do you think this should be enough to move prices back to a range where projects like yours generate a good rate of return? Because at $70, that was not the case. So, do you think this gets us in a situation where you could see LCFS’ prices back into probably $9,500 range by somewhere in 2025?

Thank you, Manav. Yes, you are correct, we played, I would say, an important role in encouraging the adoption of an updated LCFS to do exactly what you’re describing, which is fund projects. This is a question for the traders at major oil companies. There are various analysts that show by 2027 that essentially the bank of credits will be 0. And so, in a deficit trading environment, in which the credits are 0, the price will be at the maximum, which is approximately $220-plus. And so, we will – if California continues to exhibit a strong commitment to the LCFS, which I believe on Friday, the Board in a vote of 10 to 2 showed a very strong commitment to the LCFS, I think major oil companies would basically be guaranteeing they’re going to have to pay $220 for credits. And the sooner they buy as many credits as they can, the quicker they’re going to avoid that $220 future price, which is almost certain to happen in 2027 when there’s nothing in the bank, there’s no inventory. All the oil companies have had to deliver their credits in order to ship product in California, and there’s just not enough credits available. So I think that we’re headed toward $220, and it’s just a question of whether it takes 12 months, which is what CARB’s own internal projection was, or it takes 24 months.

Okay. My quick follow-up is, it’s very good to hear about the 16 dairies and 100,000 MMBtu of RNG. As far as the adoption of RNG is concerned, I know, there were some news items out there that Cummins is getting orders from UPS, and so their new 15-liter engine is gaining traction. I’m just wondering what you have heard about this particular engine? And do you believe in the near term, this engine could be somewhat of a game changer for those guys looking to put RNG into trucks?

I spent some time with other dispensers in the industry, and the X15 engine has shown itself to be really equal to the performance of diesel engines, but at very, very low emissions and with lower-cost fuel. And I think if we give ourselves a little bit more time, emissions will actually be able to meet some of the thresholds that CARB is anticipating for 2030. So this is a long-life solution with a carbon-negative fuel. And I think it has a very good future. And I would hope that Cummins Engine Company will continue to be successful with these large fleets because these fleets, of course, have a shortage of the product we make. That’s actually been a constraint on the industry. So the expansion of our production is necessary in order to fuel those fleets with carbon-negative fuel.

Thank you, Eric. Cognates and I’ll turn it over.

Thanks, Manav.

Our next question is coming from Jordan Levy with Truist. Your line is live.

Hi, Eric. It’s Henry on for Jordan here. Congrats on the quarter. Maybe just to start with, I just want to get any more of your thoughts around perceived risk to future tax credits under the ITC kind of coming off the election here and with the new administration taking over in 2025.

We expressed some concern about the timing of adoption if the current administration does not move forward with what we believe they should move forward with, and then that is the adoption before the end of this year of the 45

Got you. Thanks for that color. And I guess, also maybe looking ahead to next year, from your perspective, how much will any potential tariffs and then any related feedstock price increases kind of impact the economics at Riverbank once it gets up and running?

Riverbank would be oil products. We are currently anticipating to use largely domestic supply of, what we would call, waste, but just those corn oil, tallow, other products that are domestically produced and are not currently relying on imported products as the primary source. As you know, we do have 50 million gallons of tallow in India. We’re doing quite well and having a nice profitable business over there turning that into biodiesel, but that is an excellent hedge for us against having imports that are cheaper than domestic products.

This is Andy. On the corn side, I would say that it sort of remains to be seen what the incoming administration is going to do on tariffs. But as China has been in the past, an exporter or an importer of U.S. corn, that could play a role there. If there’s a tariff assessed, there might be retaliatory tariffs that happen, and that could have an impact. But I really – I think at this point, it just – it’s too early to tell what the impact would have. But as Eric pointed out, our feedstocks are domestic. So theoretically, we’re not going to have a problem getting them. It’s just a question of what the world order looks like under a new – if there are tariffs imposed on imports into the U.S. and what kind of retaliation other countries would take.

Our next question is coming from Amit Dayal with H.C. Wainwright. Your line is life.

Thank you. Good afternoon, everyone. So, Eric, congrats on all the progress. You gave some color about the RNG business going into next year at 1 million MMBtu capacity, roughly. Is there a path beyond that in ‘26, ‘27?

Exiting this year, our numbers are approximately 550,000 MMBtus. So our projection next year is to actually exceed 550,000 MMBtus for the year, but that’s the capacity we have exiting 2024, going into 2025. Exiting ‘25, going into ‘26, it’s 1 million MMBtus. So, the conservative view is 550,000 MMBtus produced in 2025 and then 1 million MMBtus produced in 2026. We are actively working on accelerating that program. We have a total of 48 dairies signed to some sort of a contract participation agreement, lease agreement or otherwise. And we have 16 operating dairies as of the end of this year. So, we have actually 32 dairies to build, and we have been working with a strategic vendor to accelerate those 32, so that they would actually be built much quicker than our current plan. So, current plan is 10 additional dairies constructed or in construction by the end of 2025, and that sets us up for 1 million MMBtus in 2026. We have a total of 1.65 million MMBtus on schedule, but we are now talking about getting into 2027 to get to those levels. If we have positive experience with the strategic vendor, they are putting up some capital in terms of financing to buy long lead time items and help us deliver quicker, and I think we would see an acceleration that would show up by the second quarter of next year in terms of our revised projections of how quickly we are building things.

Understood. Thank you. And then, how should we think about your working capital needs as you scale on the RNG side and other initiatives that are taking place here in the U.S.? And I am not even talking about the India business because it looks like that’s standalone a little bit. But just for managing your needs in the U.S., how should we think about working capital going forward?

The ethanol plant is a self-funding mechanism. We have relationships with vendors and customers that, in effect, allow us to run the plant without requiring any working capital. Renewable natural gas is a business which works completely differently. It’s basically monthly revenues that are reflected the next month afterwards. We have already had the embedded working capital for operations in place for RNG. So, its expansion doesn’t really increase its overhead. The staffing doesn’t increase materially. So, the alignment of revenues and payments out to third-parties for operations are pretty much self-funding. So, we are really funding in the business. And India is standalone, sitting on $15 million of cash and working capital, so it’s fine, has no debt, long-term debt, so it’s self-financing. So, the only thing we are really funding here is the growth of the assets. We are building more dairy digesters. We are building these projects. That’s what we are really using our capital for. And as you know, we are using USDA 20-year financing to build those projects. So, what we are hoping to do is accelerate the USDA funding process to catch up to this pace at which we are completing engineering and permitting. And if we can get those better aligned, I think you will just see a very smooth transition here with really no working capital requirements for operations. It will be primarily just a use of cash for project financing.

Thank you, Eric. And then just last one on the India IPO discussions that we have had previously. Is that – I mean it looks like it’s still on the table. Is the timeline 2025 potentially when this could get accomplished?

We have already recruited our CEO. He has been running the business now, doing an exceedingly good job, just really a terrific executive. And we have a CFO who will be taking all of the IPO processes as his primary duty. And so, I would see over the course of the next couple of months, an acceleration of that process. We have already been interacting with investment banks, etcetera. But it will be entirely dependent upon market conditions. And we have laid solid foundation in India, but we have not yet announced our current 1-year cost-plus contract. We need to get that behind us. And I think our new CFO will pick up the ball and run with it. And the candidate we are looking at has completed an IPO recently in India very, very successfully. So, I think our pace will be sped up significantly when he joins the company.

Understood. And just last one, this contract in India, is that expected before the end of 2024?

Yes, in the next week or two weeks.

Okay. Thank you. Yes. That’s all I have Eric. Thank you so much.

Thank you.

Thank you. Our next question is coming from Matthew Blair with TPH. Your line is live.

Thank you and good afternoon. Maybe sticking on that India contract, Eric, could you provide a look at – with that new contract, is it pretty similar in terms of the same amount of volumes and unit profitability, or are there any differences that we should be thinking about as we model things out?

Wait for us to announce the volumes, but you will see capacity expansion and volume expansion that work hand in hand. So, you will see some different numbers come up than what we had last year. We completed $112 million at the end of September, that’s a 12-month time period. And India market is expanding. So, we will get you back with some updated numbers when we get the contracts.

It sounds good. And then in the short-term for India, is it reasonable to expect the contribution from your India Biodiesel segment to ease up a little bit in the fourth quarter as you shift to different feedstocks?

Yes. And actually, it’s not so much the feedstocks that you are insightful to point that out. It’s actually just the contract timing. The contract is from October 1, 2024 to the end of September 2025. We will lose a couple of months because of the India government processes. It doesn’t affect the overall volumes, but the – just the timing means the fourth quarter will be a little weak from that. Since our overhead is so low, it’s not a money-losing quarter, but it’s just not going to have the size of revenue that you would otherwise expect.

Great. Thank you.

Sure. Thank you.

Thank you. Our next question is coming from Dave Storms with Stonegate. Your line is live.

Good morning Eric and team. Just wanted to start with ethanol, it seems you have been producing above nameplate capacity for the year and is a good bit higher than it was at this point last year. I guess my question is, how sustainable is that, and how do you see that changing through the rest of the year?

So, we are operating at, I would say, what our normal range is. Last year, you might remember that we took an extended maintenance period from – basically from the beginning of the year until the end of May. And that was partly due to the crazy pricing that happened in the natural gas market, particularly here in California because PG&E was caught short with low supply when there was an unexpected cold snap. So, on a year-to-year comparison, you are going to see a difference for sure. But we typically run in the $60 million to $65 million range. So, I would say it’s absolutely sustainable, and the plant is performing very well, so I would expect you will see those numbers continue.

That’s great color. Thank you. And then, just turning to the carbon capture project, you mentioned you are starting Phase 2. Any more color you could give us on timeline for that and maybe next steps after Phase 2?

The characterization well is in two phases. We have completed Phase 1. Phase 2, for a couple of reasons, including weather, we expect to complete in the spring. It’s an oil drilling rig that gets rolled on site. And then our filing for the Class VI license would happen sometime in the second quarter or third quarter next year. The EPA has a number of projects. They have actually been tracking them on their website in the public display that have moved through pretty quickly. And so we expect in 2026 to have the EPA Class VI done. In parallel with that, we would be doing some additional project development, design, etcetera, so that when we get the Class VI well, we would be ready to move forward with drilling by the end of 2026. So, it’s a 24 months process from here to where we want to be, which is commercial operations, and highly dependent upon the pace in which the Class VI license is processed by the EPA. I should mention that carbon sequestration is a favorite of the oil and gas industry. And it also happened to be a favorite of California Governor Newsom. He had issued a directive to CARB that he wanted 100 million tons sequestered in the ground over the next 20 years. And so it’s a strange business where both sides of the aisle tend to agree that carbon sequestration achieves their goals, so they happen to be different goals. It’s one of those businesses which we are optimistic about.

Understood. Thank you for the color and good luck in the fourth quarter.

Yes. Thank you.

Thank you. Our next question is coming from Ed Woo with Ascendiant Capital. Your line is live.

Yes. Congratulations on all the progress, and definitely, congratulations on what is going to be hopefully a speedy IPO process in India. Have you thought about what you are going to be doing with the capital that you raise in India?

Yes, we have. Actually, it’s part of the IPO process is identifying that. We are expanding – planning to expand two additional plant sites in India in the biodiesel business at a 5% blend, it’s about a 1.25 billion gallon production rate of biodiesel per year. Current production is 1 billion gallons less than that. So, in our current leadership position of being the largest biodiesel producer in India, to retain that market share, we will be expanding production with sites, which we expect to have at other locations in India. We also expect to diversify into some related businesses, much like we have in the U.S. We have some distinctive competence in renewable natural gas, for example. And so, our India business is already synergistically working with our team in the U.S. to have some advantages. Those businesses have become very, very attractive in India. There is a 500 biogas project just announced by Reliance Industries over the weekend, and describing how big the market was and their investment was just the first step in helping to launch this new market. So, our India IPO has some growth initiatives in it that fit well with the Indian economy. And certainly, one of their goals is not to be importing as much petroleum because they really don’t have any crude oil supply in the country. And our business, I think aligns with that goal very well.

Great. Well, thank you and I wish you guys good luck.

Thanks Ed.

Thank you. As we have no further questions in queue at this time, I would like to hand it back over to management for closing remarks.

Thanks everybody for joining us today. Please review the Aemetis company presentation that’s posted on the homepage of the Aemetis website. We look forward to talking with you about participating in the growth opportunities at Aemetis.

Thank you for attending today’s Aemetis earnings conference call. Please visit the Investors section of the Aemetis website, where we will post a written version and an audio version of this Aemetis earnings review and business update. Ali?