Ladies and gentlemen, good morning and welcome to the CVS Health First Quarter 2022 Earnings Conference Call. As a reminder, today’s conference is being recorded. I would now like to turn the call over to Tom Cowhey, Senior Vice President of Capital Markets for CVS Health. Please go ahead..

Good morning and welcome to the CVS Health first quarter 2022 earnings call and webcast. I am Tom Cowhey, Senior Vice President of Capital Markets for CVS Health. I am joined this morning by Karen Lynch, President and Chief Executive Officer and Shawn Guertin, Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer.

Following our prepared remarks, we will host a question-and-answer session that will include Jon Roberts, Executive Vice President and Chief Operating Officer; Dr.

Alan Lotvin, President, Pharmacy Services; Dan Finke, President, Healthcare Benefits; and Michelle Peluso, Chief Customer Officer; and Prem Shah, Chief Pharmacy Officer, both Co-Presidents of the Retail segment. Our press release and slide presentation have been posted to our website, along with our Form 10-Q that we filed this morning with the SEC.

Today’s call was also being broadcast on our website, where it will be archived for 1 year.

During this call, we will make certain forward-looking statements reflecting current views related to our future financial performance, future events, industry and market conditions as well as the expected consumer benefits of our products and services and our financial projections.

Our forward-looking statements are subject to significant risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from currently projected results.

We strongly encourage you to review the reports we file with the SEC regarding these risks and uncertainties, including our most recent annual report on Form 10-K, our recent current reports on Form 8-K and this morning’s earnings press release and our Form 10-Q.

During this call, we will use non-GAAP measures when talking about the company’s performance and financial conditions and you can find a reconciliation of these non-GAAP measures in this morning’s press release and the reconciliation document posted to the Investor Relations portion of our website. With that, I’d like to turn the call over to Karen.

Karen?.

advanced primary care clinics, enhanced health hub locations, and our traditional CVS Pharmacy locations. As of today, we have closed approximately 100 stores out of the 300 planned for this year and the 900 planned by the end of 2024.

Our early experience suggests we are retaining nearly 70% of the prescription volume within our network, demonstrating strong evidence of our value to consumers. Additionally, we retained more than 95% of colleagues and redeployed them to other CVS locations. Third, we are diversifying our growth portfolio with new health services.

We are expanding our capabilities in home health as we prepare for the 2023 launch of a post-acute transitions pilot for our Aetna membership in select geographies. Partnering in technology and home-based care will allow us to reduce readmissions and improve care for our customers at this critical juncture on their path to recovery.

As we broaden our capabilities to create new sources of value, we continually evaluate our portfolio for non-strategic assets. Our recently announced sale of Payflex and selected assets from our international businesses are two recent examples of our actions.

These transactions are in line with our commitment to invest in areas that are aligned with our strategy. Fourth, we are focused on our digital-first technology-forward approach.

We serve nearly 44 million unique digital customers as of the end of the first quarter, up by over 7 million customers since our Investor Day, a testament to the value and ease of our digital offering. Digital customers are omni-channel and on average visit CVS Health 2x more often than traditional customers.

We also continue to expand our digital first health dashboard offering. This dashboard makes managing your family’s health more seamless, convenient and personalized. It does so by putting critical health information into one place, health records, pharmacy medications and next best actions.

We have 5 million active health dashboard users, up over 25% in the past quarter and we will continue to enhance connectivity to more services later this year. Finally, we are making progress serving our consumers wherever and whenever they receive healthcare.

In the first quarter, we launched a new fulfillment option for consumers as part of our omnichannel health experience. Consumers can purchase health and wellness products online with an option for free same-day pickup that will be available in approximately 6,000 CVS community health destinations later this year.

We are partnering with Google and Microsoft in ways that deliver real benefits to consumers. For example, MinuteClinic scheduling is now integrated into Google Search, driving new and more convenient appointment bookings.

In our specialty pharmacy, we are using Microsoft text analytics and robotics to automate the 40% of prescriptions that are still paper or facts based, making it easier and faster for us to fill the patient’s prescriptions. We are increasingly using technology to improve our business process and reduce cost. Here are just two examples.

Our specialty intelligent medication monitoring and adherence engine uses machine learning to help our most at-risk patients by predicting the likelihood of individual patients becoming non-adherent to their medications. This approach then prompts ways in which we can coach and help them maintain their overall health.

Also using machine learning and robotics, we can now resolve a wide range of prescription drug claims, which previously require the attention of our pharmacists, freeing them up to spend time with patients. This advanced approach reduces overall cost and improves the patient experience.

These five strategic imperatives taken together place the consumer at the center of everything we do. Consumer value is behind the integration of our businesses and we are making steady and real progress. Ultimately, it’s the hard work and commitment of our dedicated colleagues that makes our strategy and results achievable.

At CVS Health, we are committed to fostering a culture of values. We have made increasing workforce representation, promoting the inclusion and belonging and equitable access to growth and development our priority. Our commitment to shareholders, customers and communities remains steadfast.

In our 2021 Environmental Social Governance report released last month, we highlighted our sharpened focus on sustainable business practices and our priority to advance health equity in America. You can find our report on our website. Our work to fundamentally reshape the delivery of healthcare in our country is well underway.

Before I turn it over to Shawn, I am pleased to announce we have named a new Chief Medical Officer, Dr. Sree Chaguturu. Also, I’d like to acknowledge Jon Roberts, who will be retiring at the end of June and thank him for his many contributions to CVS Health over his 42-year career at our company.

I am grateful to our dedicated colleagues who continue to deliver everyday, helping millions of Americans and bringing their heart to every moment of our customer’s health. Let me now turn it over to Shawn for a deeper look into our operational results and outlook for the remainder of the year..

Membership increases to a range increases to a range of 24 to 24.3 million members. Revenue increases to a range of $89.3 billion to $90.8 billion. Adjusted operating income guidance increases by $180 million at the midpoint to $5.94 billion to $6.04 billion. Similarly, MBR guidance is updated to 83.5% to 84.5% to reflect our first quarter experience.

We are maintain all other guidance shared during our fourth quarter earnings call. Our updated guidance now reflects the assumption that a fourth COVID-19 booster will be administered to adult aged 50 and older and to certain immunocompromised individuals as per the guidelines set forth by the CDC.

Administration of a fourth booster is expected to have a net neutral impact to our enterprise. Representing an incremental cost to our health benefits segment, but helping to maintain our full year outlook for our Retail segment by offsetting first quarter 2022 expense pressures previously mentioned.

As we evaluate the progression of earnings for the remainder of the year, we would remind investors of our prior statements that we expect 2022 earnings to be modestly higher in the first half of the year.

Similar to 2021 earnings progression, we currently project that 47% to 49% of adjusted EPS will occur in the back half of 2022, which we project will be fairly evenly split between the third and fourth quarters. You will find additional details regarding our updated guidance and in the slide presentation we posted to our website this morning.

We continue to anticipate strong cash from operations in 2022 between $12 billion and $13 billion and capital expenditures in the range of $2.8 billion to $3 billion as we invest in technology and digital enhancements to improve the consumer experience as well as our community locations.

Full year deployable free cash will benefit from our recent divestiture activity while any earnings impact from these divestitures are incorporated into our updated guidance ranges.

To conclude we are encouraged by our strong first quarter results and improved 2022 outlook, particularly at this early stage in the year as we continue to sharpen our focus and execute our strategy.

As a leader and trusted partner in healthcare we strive to delivery as superior healthcare experience for our consumers to lowering the cost of care, improving access and building engagement and convenience to our consumers and their communities. We will now open the call to your questions.

Operator?.

Thank you. We will take our first question is from Lisa Gill of JPMorgan..

Hi, thanks very much and good morning. First let me give my congratulations to Jon in his retirement. It’s been great. Getting to know you all for all these years, Jon. So, I wish you well in your retirement. On my question, if I look at the guidance, Shawn, the one area where you raised guidance versus previous was in the health benefits business.

So can you talk about what the key drivers are of the better MLR going forward? Karen talked about digital. Is that playing a part of it? You talked about virtual, so if you can just give us a more color to how we think about what some of the key drivers are to the better MLR in your guidance..

Yes, so I think the easiest way to sort of think about that is largely what’s being sort of pulled through here is the prior year development that we experienced in the first quarter less the realize capital losses. And just to be clear on that, we talked in my remarks about $75 million of realized capital losses. About $60 million of that was in HCB.

So the net of those two things is right around $180 million, and that’s really the guidance increase. To round out the story though, as mentioned, we now have incorporated the fourth booster for the specific populations that it has been recommended for, so that’s going to be a cost item, obviously, for HCB.

But as you saw, we’ve had strong volume growth and excellent kind of performance sort especially post January as Omicron faded on that side. So the biggest thing is the prior year development and the realized capital losses, but we should have ongoing strength from volume that should be able to absorb the cost of the fourth booster..

Okay, great. Then just as my – I guess, my follow-up from my questions that I’ve been asking for the last year, and that’s around the primary care strategy. I really thought we would had an announcement by now, you did talk in your prepared remarks about making headway around primary care and some of the offerings you have in the marketplace.

But maybe can you talk about are you still looking to make a larger scale acquisition? Or will this be more of internal growth? Just any update on that would be helpful. Thanks very much..

Good morning, Lisa, let me just comment on that. Yes, that we are continuing to look for a broader range of primary care capabilities. It’s an interesting market. We are trying to make sure that we are prudent, both strategically and financially, but it is part of our strategy, and we’ve more conversations to come.

Shawn, do you want to talk about capital?.

Yes, I’ll talk little bit about the M&A specifically on this and Lisa, I certainly understand your question and I want to be careful because different people will define large different ways, I think we’ve been pretty clear. We’re not talking about a jumbo acquisition here. We’re talking about a capability-based acquisition.

At some size but not necessarily anything jumbo. We have been very active in this space. We’ve evaluated a range of assets in and around the care delivery space, I will remind you most of this assets aren’t out for sale and so that dialogues start to process. Our priority areas remain primary care and MSO capability and the home health capability.

These assets will serve as the foundation of the platform, which will pursue our strategic vision. So it’s essential that we fully evaluate their defining characteristics and capabilities.

And so while the valuation environment continues to present it’s own sets of challenges, I’m cautiously optimistic with our ability to begin to execute on our strategic plan in ‘22..

And Lisa, this is Jon. Thanks for your kind words. Obviously I have a very rewarding career at CVS, and I feel really good about the leadership team that’s now here, confident in their strategy and the team’s ability to execute. So thanks..

Thank you..

We will take our next question from Ricky Goldwasser of Morgan Stanley..

Yes. Thank you and good morning. So clearly, 2023 is progressing in line with your expectations. Shawn, back in December, you also gave us sort of targets for 2023 and 2024.

So with kind of like everything that’s happening in the macro environment, how is your thinking of 2023 and 2024 for stance now – is it changed in December or we still on track with those starts?.

Yes, so we remain committed to achieving those EPS targets for ‘23 and ‘24 and we are certainly off to a good start in doing that and as it pertains maybe more immediately to ‘23.

While we are not providing specific guidance as it’s sort of too early, there is a lot of moving parts, but to your point, I understand why the question is being answered when you think about macro factors like COVID and the uncertainty about the future testing and treatment protocols there, as well as all of the macro economic factors that are work right now in the market.

When I think about ‘23 at this very early stage and sort of think about our businesses, I do think there is certainly some headwinds, but there is also a lot of tailwinds in PSS, we’re having a very good retention season.

The sales season is still in progress there, but we have the tailwinds of specialty, specialty generics and biosimilars, and there is a lot of good things happening there that I expect to continue into the future. On HCB, obviously, we expect some loss in Medicaid as the redeterminations kick in.

But we have as good a momentum as we’ve had in a long time in commercial. We have a strong individual MA franchise. The group MA business is always about jumbo accounts, and so we have some of those that are up for renewal. But we will also have our ongoing exchange expansion. But maybe most importantly for that business is the outlook on margin.

And we’ve had actually a really good start here with excellent baseline development and I would point out that in light of the macroeconomic conditions today, much of our ‘23 pricing is still yet to be set. The question, obviously, we get a lot about ‘23 ends up kind of pointing off in at retail. And so I think it’s worth spending a few minutes there.

Many like to model COVID going to zero for retail, and that’s a convenient modeling assumption. But I think a very highly unlikely outcome for 2023 as we move from pandemic to endemic. We have a very strong testing and treatment franchise there as well.

We’ve had particular strength in the front of the store, both OTC COVID testing, as well as other categories. Our CarePass membership is up 33% year-over-year to 6 million members. And while in the pharmacy reimbursement pressure continues, it has stabilized and moderated a bit in 2022. We will continue to do all we can to reduce that pressure further.

But we’re also going continue to combat this by trying to increase volume and reducing costs. We took share again in retail pharmacy. In other words, we’re growing faster than the market. This is probably at least the eighth quarter in a row that, that’s happened.

We’re implementing buy online, pick up in store, which should help increase volume overall, both in the front and potentially the back.

We’re well positioned for omni-channel pharmacy, which can both help volume but also give us new ways to fulfill customers’ prescriptions, and in so doing, potentially have efficient, cost-efficient way to fulfill that customer.

In ‘23 will be the second year of our store closures, and so far in 2022, those are going at or better than expected in terms of the of stores and the script retention we’re having. And as always we are going to aggressively push on the cost of goods sold.

Maybe most importantly, though, as we think about the next couple of years, I continue to feel very positive about our significant capacity to deploy capital and you will recall that our ‘23 guidance only assumes that we repurchased shares enough to offset dilution.

So, this is a lever that not only helps advance our strategy, but it’s also a lever that can be used to deliver on our EPS targets as well..

Great, thank you. And just one quick follow-up there. As we think about those efficiencies and investment in the future, Karen talked about the fact that digital customers visit the stores, I think 2x more than the average customer.

Can you just give us maybe a sense of also how the profitability of those customers compared to sort of the brick and mortar customers?.

Yes. I think it’s probably a comparable sort of set when you think about things like basket size and whatnot, but it’s been more of a frequency..

Thank you..

Our next question comes from Michael Cherny of Bank of America..

Good morning and thank you for a ton of details so far. Shawn, you mentioned the dynamics around ‘23 at one point that obviously, it was in there was on specialty and specialty biosimilars.

As you think about the conversations you’re having during this selling season with a very clear pipeline of some potential blockbusters coming on the biosimilar side as soon as next year.

How do you think your customers across the enterprise are preparing for that potential raft of both interchangeable and non-interchangeable biosimilars and how willing are they – do they appear to be at this point in time to work with you on driving greater adoption, which obviously seems like it’s going to be nicely additive to your overall growth profile..

Michael, it’s Alan. A very timely question. So I would say that our customers are anxiously awaiting the biosimilar kind of way that’s really starting in ‘23 and continues through most of this decade. What they are looking to us to do is to deliver to them strategies, plan designs, programs, approaches that lower their net cost of product.

And they are very willing to entertain. I’m not going to say whatever it takes, but they are very willing to entertain the approaches needed to drive to the lowest net cost. And so as you pointed out, there are products that will be interchangeable, so that will be substitutable. The manufacturer pricing strategies aren’t an entirely set yes.

So it’s – one would say it’s not quite clear exactly how that’s going to come to fruition, but we are very, very confident that the biosimilars will be an important contributor to our continued success in lowering specialty trend and overall trend for our customers.

And as we’ve said many times, generally, when we create that sort of value, our customers are happy to pay us for it..

And if I can just add one more question on pharmacy services and growth.

You did mention 340B in terms of not growing year-over-year, whether it’s within this year’s guidance or the multiyear plan, what is the assumption for 340B growth within your overall book of business?.

So it’s Alan, Michael.

So 340B, obviously, the way I would think about 340B is think about it as a volume discussion, right? So subsequent to when we put guidance out last year, there were a number of I would – I guess I would phrase it as the manufacturers continuing to write their own regulations and deciding what they were and weren’t going to apply pricing to.

And so that reduced the volume. So when the volume goes down, by covered entities make less money, which is the entire reason for the existence of the 340B program, our clients don’t have access to lower-cost drugs well partner.

Our third-party administrator doesn’t have the volume to reprocess claims and our dispensing pharmacies don’t earn the dispensing fees. So that’s when volume goes down.

What we’ve now seen going into the first quarter of 2022 is that manufacturers have articulated the conditions by which they will open up contract pharmacy, 340B pricing for covered entities. So that volume comes back.

Now there is a timing issue, right, how fast to covered entities make the decisions they need to make, what are the restrictions that are placed on it. So – and then there is an ultimate volume, which manufacturers decide to do. So within all of those variability.

So as the volume comes back, covered entities make money, our clients save money well partner has more volume to process. So within all of the totality, we’re estimating basically flat in the program year-over-year, which is sort of our best thinking right now..

Thank you. It’s very helpful..

You are welcome..

We take our next question from Steven Valiquette of Barclays..

Hi, thanks. Good morning, everybody. So just for the LTC sub-segment, the former Omnicare operations that nobody ever really asked about – just wanted to ask, we’ve seen some pretty notable increases in the skilled nursing facility or SNF industry occupancy gains in the first 3, 4 months of ‘22 after a slower occupancy recovery in calendar ‘21.

So I’m just wondering if that’s translating into just better Rx volume results for the LTC Omnicare operations in early ‘22. Thanks..

Yes. Steven, we’ve seen that volume come up a little bit. And for the most part, that business has tracked with our expectations this year, but I certainly wouldn’t characterize it as an inflection point or anything like that. It’s definitely been recovering from its bottom during COVID and has more or less been consistent with expectations this year..

Got it. That’s it for me. Thanks..

We will take our next question from Nathan Rich of Goldman Sachs..

Hi. Good morning. Thanks for the questions. Maybe just start on the retail business. Shawn, could you give a little bit more detail on the margin dynamics that you saw play out in the first quarter, I guess gross margin was down a little more than we expected year-over-year.

Can you maybe just talk about what’s driving that and kind of what you expect over the balance of the year? And then it looks on like on the cost side, SG&A came favorable.

Can you maybe just talk about how wage increases have trended relative to your expectations?.

Yes. It’s – obviously, we had a very strong quarter. There are some dynamics in the quarter year-over-year that have to do with sort of the vaccine program starting last year, and we had very high expense levels last year in the vaccine business, and that’s obviously been fine-tuned now.

So year-over-year, despite the fact that vaccine volumes were down, which I think is a little bit of the gross margin question answer. We actually did better kind of bottom line wise because of sort of the G&A components and some of the reimbursement has changed over that period of time, too.

Testing, again, that’s probably been down sort of year-over-year. But overall, we probably had a contribution towards growth of a couple of hundred million from COVID in Q1. The other dynamics, I think we are – we had a light kind of cold and flu season, right. So, there was that going on both in the front store and the back of the store.

But again, script growth was good, there was nothing particularly surprising on the reimbursement side. The front store was good across sort of a broader set of categories than just OTC. In fairness, last year’s first quarter ‘21 was still probably somewhat depressed because of what was going on. But overall, the metrics looked good..

Okay. Great. If I could just ask a quick follow-up on your comments on the M&A landscape and I guess it sounds like there is still a disconnect on valuations between buyer and seller.

I guess have you seen that conversation start to shift at all, just given what we have seen kind of play out in the market so far this year?.

Yes. And it’s been an interesting dynamic, right? When we set out on this journey, some of these companies were valued at 7x to 8x revenue, right. And now they have – and that probably wasn’t right, right. But now some of them have regressed to maybe one or two, and that may not be completely correct either.

So, I mean the answer is the longer this persists, right. The greater this becomes sort of the reality upon which people make some decisions. And so I would say sort of directionally, yes. But it still remains challenging given sort of the memories of where some of these values were..

That’s helpful. Thank you..

We will take our next question from Justin Lake of Wolfe Research..

Thanks. Good morning. First question, just Shawn, appreciate your comments on COVID. You talked about $200 million contribution year-over-year in retail. I was getting to an estimate of about $800 million benefit to the year.

Is that a reasonable ballpark? And then how much is the total benefit in the first quarter? And then just lastly, does this completely get offset in your mind by a weakness – negative COVID impact in the benefits business?.

Yes. So, the – let me just sort of talk a little bit about what our COVID expectations are. And the answer to your question eventually will be that’s probably in the neighborhood, albeit we have gotten there with a little bit different path now with the fourth booster.

We expect now about 18 million vaccines for 2022, including the provision for the fourth booster for the defined populations. This would be a decline of about 70% versus 2022. Testing, excluding OTC, is expected to be down 50% plus or minus. And the OTC test will be in the same neighborhood, maybe a little bit higher.

But overall, that’s going to probably produce a contribution year-over-year. That’s down 60%, 65% on COVID. And if you do the math, you are not going to be far off your number. A lot of that contribution maybe half-ish is in the first quarter of this year and it is more back end loaded than back end loaded going forward.

And again, to some extent, the jury’s out in an endemic situation in terms of where we will go with additional boosters, testing and test to treat and things like that. So, there is more to play out as in terms of how that ripples out in the second half of this year, but into next year.

For HCB, the picture is more nuanced in the sense that we are now 3 years removed from our 2019 base line. But maybe most importantly, we have now been able to reflect the COVID expenses in product pricing.

And so as I mentioned in my remarks, overall cost trends came in consistent or slightly better versus our trended baseline, which, while I am not going to declare victory prematurely, that’s a very encouraging result, both for ‘22 and potentially ‘23 as well.

I think what this means for ‘23, though is I think we have to return to how we have traditionally looked at this business, which is by matching price increases with expected cost trends and managing revenue growth and operating margin levels..

Got it. And if I can just ask a follow-up. You mentioned capital.

So, running some numbers there, I am getting to over that 3-year period you talked about the Investor Day ‘22 to ‘24, about $20 billion of potential capital above and beyond what you have already kind of earmarked, but about two-thirds of that coming from free cash flow generation, about a third from potential leveraging up to about 3.5x.

Is that a reasonable ballpark number in terms of what you think your excess capital could be that’s already not guided?.

I think that probably assumes some leverage ratio that’s a little bit higher than where we are today, but still consistent with sort of our investment-grade rating strategy. But I think that ballpark is in the neighborhood..

Thanks..

We will take our next question from A.J. Rice of Credit Suisse. Your line is open. And A.J. Rice, your line is open. Please check you mute switch..

Hi.

Can you hear me now?.

Yes. Proceed with your question..

Yes. Sorry about that. So, as you are commenting the primary care there is still a little pricey. You also mentioned home health.

I wondered and if maybe you can flesh out a little more what the capabilities you want? I mean are you looking as some of your peers have done for something that’s got a platform and fee-for-service that you can then pivot to value based. Is there other aspects of a whole health platform that would be of interest to you.

And I think there is an anxiety in the marketplace a little bit that you sort of set up an idea that one of these areas would start to contribute in ‘24. It’s been about a year since the Investor Day, not quite, but about and people get a little anxious to nothing has been announced.

Can you give us maybe your perspective on your ability that how important is doing some sort of deal to being able to deliver on some of your long-term objectives, or do you feel fresh that you need to do something maybe just have a few comments on that?.

A.J., it might feel like a year since Investor Day, but it’s actually only been 4.5 months since Investor Day. But I think we all look like it’s been a year. But any way, let me just comment broadly on our home health strategy and then I will kick it to Shawn to talk a little bit about kind of what we are thinking.

Obviously, as a company, we are uniquely positioned to integrate our existing capabilities. As we think about primary care and extending into the home, we – there is a number of opportunities for us. We are starting very early with our post-acute care transitions.

We will look at opportunities to support first and foremost the membership particularly to support improvement in Medicare costs and expand into a payer-agnostic. So, there is a lot in the home, but clearly – and as you know, we are already in the home with Coram, with our virtual care with our new post-acute transitions.

And then we will expand coverage where we can link it in primary care. So there is a number of options and we are looking at that, too, as part of our acquisition strategy as well. But our first and foremost priority is really to advance our primary care capabilities. And as Shawn mentioned, we continue to navigate our way through the valuation.

Shawn, do you want to talk about ‘24?.

Yes. So what I would say A.J., on this is we certainly remain committed to delivering the EPS target for 2024. And what we described at the Investor Day was a pathway to sort of get there with an M&A contribution. And I certainly wouldn’t step away from that yet. But it was a pathway and inevitably, pieces of that pathway might be different.

And I am not sort of abdicating the number that we won’t get the earnings contribution, but I do want to go back to the capital point that if we were hypothetically in that position, capital continues to be a lever that we can use.

You recall at Investor Day, when you just looked at the pure capital, if we did just sort of deploy all that capital, you can get on top of these numbers. So, it’s – this is about longer term strategic positioning that we are doing. And again, I think it’s important that we do the right deal for us and for the strategy.

And I am going to do everything in my power to make sure that we can satisfy both commitments. But I also want to make sure we do the right deal because it’s that important for our future..

Okay. Just a brief follow-up, you haven’t been asked this way at the call, so surprising on inflation, supply chain, labor.

Any updated thoughts on any of that?.

Yes, A.J., on inflation, obviously, we are incredibly mindful of this topic. And as you know, the U.S. hasn’t seen these kinds of inflationary pressures in decades. There are some aspects of inflation that impact – that could be very positive to us. But as we think about each business and inflation, there is varying reaction to inflation.

And I will ask Shawn to kind of go through a little bit of those details by each of those businesses to give you a firmer view of what it looks like..

Yes.

And I would say in the quarter, mainly, I think because we made wage moves last year, I don’t think we felt a lot of pinch, but the one obviously the one place that we did see it is actually a result of the kind of cousin of inflation, and that’s interest rates and some of the losses that – realized capital losses that we took in the portfolio related to that.

And that will be something to keep in mind going forward. We have a $20 billion plus fixed income portfolio that has moved from about $1 billion gain position, unrealized gain position at the end of the year to approximately $1 billion unrealized loss position. And there is always some element of portfolio turnover and management during the year.

So, that’s something that I think will continue to monitor closely. As you mentioned, I mean as we think forward, there is a potential across all of our businesses for both the labor and G&A aspects, but I think as I have thought about this it’s the cost of goods sold aspect that I have – we have certainly thought about a lot.

I would remind everyone that historically higher inflation has also driven a higher top line, particular in the HCB, in the PSS businesses. From a COGS standpoint, I wouldn’t say we are seeing it show up in pharmacy yet, ‘22 I think we are in very good shape as most of our contracts are all locked down in HCB.

Our average HCB contract is about 3 years in duration. And so obviously, some number of those will be coming up for ‘23. But I will also point our one of my earlier comments, that we still have a lot of pricing leverage on 2023 and will certainly fully reflect our thinking on inflation as we think about forward pricing.

On retail, obviously, we will be watching that as well, but it is a dynamic that can actually help frankly with our membership programs and also make our store brands more attractive relative to other products.

So, there are certainly a lot of fingers of this, but I do think we are looking at this kind of thoroughly and thinking about all the levers we can pull to mitigate the impact..

And A.J. on your labor question, obviously, we continue, like everyone else to experience a very tight labor market. But as I mentioned in prepared remarks when we are closing stores we have been able to retain those retail, which has been really helping us out in those locations.

We also had very strong retention across our business, and we have been very successful in hiring some of the key areas in our company like digital and tech and analytics. So – and the other thing I would just say is we are very pleased with that, more than half of our hires are diverse and are reflecting the communities that we serve..

Great. Alright. Thanks so much..

We will take our next question from Eric Percher of Nephron Research. Your line is open..

Thank you. Shawn I appreciate the color on the factors impacting quarterly profit in HCB and pharmacy. I wanted drill into pharmacy services.

For the year, do you expect fluctuation given COVID and large onboarding? And is there any fluctuation from sourcing benefit or 340B through the year?.

On PSS, to your point, I think when you looked at our first quarter results, and this is something we anticipated, but we did have a very successful growth season, and a very successful welcome season. And we did staff to sort of create that positive experience for our new customers.

So, expense levels are certainly a little bit higher in Q1 than sort of the run rate for the rest of the year. There is some movement, but the rest of the year, the quarters are generalized sort of in the same neighborhood as each other for the rest of the year.

Alan mentioned before from a 340B standpoint, we are largely assuming a flat year-over-year contribution. So, a lot of the increases are coming sort of from the core elements of the business, kind of around growth and specialty and things like that..

And Alan’s comment, if I caught it correctly, was that there are ways to expand volumes, does that suggest that your view is that your support covered and is providing data, that’s key to seeing the volumes increase, which ultimately gets you flat for the year?.

So, Eric, it’s Alan. The volume growth is off of the kind of depressed base from the actions that the manufacturers took, right. So, it’s not year-over-year volume growth. It’s just a kind of a recovery of the volume. And so that’s the first thing I would say.

The second thing is, ultimately, the decision about whether or not they supply data to the manufacturers is up to COVID entities. And so they will work with us and tell us when they are or aren’t ready to turn the program back on and under what conditions..

Thank you..

We will take a question from Brian Tanquilut of Jefferies. Please go ahead..

Hey. Good morning. Alan, just a follow-up question on – just on your side of the business. As I think about some of the changes that we saw – we have seen we have signed a service shift because of the pandemic.

So, as things normalize in terms of hospital visits and physician visits, what are you seeing in terms of the durability of say your Coram, home infusion side or maybe even specialty mail just in terms of volumes and how that shift is – if that’s sticking on both sides?.

Yes. So, I guess I think of the three business units within the company, the Pharmacy Services segment probably had the least variability in terms of underlying core business activity.

So, the specialty pharmacy itself, there was a little bit of a dip along the way in new prescriptions as you saw people not going to the doctor, but by and large, the site of service shifts there were non-material. The Coram business was a little bit more impacted.

Obviously, a lot of the acute scripts, the infusion and antibiotics, there weren’t as many hospitalizations. That was offset to some extent by more oncology things that were traditional hospital outpatient that we picked up on.

So, net-net, I would say it’s probably not a material change that impacts the Pharmacy Services segment just given the relative size of Coram versus the rest of the company?.

And Shawn just a follow-up, as I think about buybacks, probably a little earlier than I would have expected.

So, is this just capital deployment because your cash flow was really strong during the quarter, or is it because of the delays with some of the acquisitions that you had planned? And should we expect potential upside from the buybacks as a result?.

Yes. I mean it certainly emanates in some ways, right from the strength of our ongoing ability to generate sort of deployable capital. And I want to make sure people understand that.

It’s less that it’s something that we are going to rush out to do than it is to fully understand the strength of that capital, and the fact that, that remains a lever that we can pull over time and in some ways, has the potential to be a safety net from year-to-year given just the normal fluctuations of the business..

I want to thank you all for joining our call today, and just leave you a few comments. As you can see, we – our team continues to execute. We entered into 2022 with very powerful momentum and strong growth across all of our businesses. We remain confident we will continue that momentum for the remainder of the year and beyond.

And we look forward to updating you on our progress throughout the year. Thanks for joining the call..

This concludes today’s CVS Health first quarter 2022 earnings call and webcast. You may disconnect your line at this time and have a wonderful day..