Thank you for standing by. My name is Krista, and I will be your conference operator today. At this time, I would like to welcome everyone to the Infinera Corporation First Quarter Earnings Conference Call. [Operator Instructions] Thank you. I will now turn the conference over to Amitabh Passi, Head of Investor Relations. You may begin your conference..

Thank you, operator, and good afternoon. Welcome to the call, where we'll discuss the preliminary financial results for Infinera's first quarter of fiscal 2024. A copy of the press release issued by Infinera today is available on the Investor Relations section of the website.

This call is being recorded and will be available for replay from our website. Today's call will include financial commentary and metrics based on our preliminary first quarter fiscal 2024 results.

Yesterday, we announced that we currently expect to file our quarterly report on Form 10-Q for the first fiscal quarter fiscal 2024 on or before May 21, 2024.

As a result, and notwithstanding anything to the contrary said during the call, all financial results discussed today are preliminary, are subject to change and are based on management's current expectations as of the date of this conference call. Final results will be included in the Form 10-Q.

In addition, today's call will include projections and estimates that constitute forward-looking statements, including, but not limited to, statements related to the matters referenced in the press release and current report on Form 8-K that the company issued today and our financial outlook for the second quarter of 2024.

These statements are subject to risks and uncertainties that could cause Infinera's results to differ materially from management's current expectations.

Actual results may differ materially as a result of various risk factors, including those set forth in our annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022, filed with the SEC on February 27, 2023, and amended February 29, 2024, and its quarterly report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2023, filed with the SEC on February 29, 2024, as well as subsequent reports filed with or furnished to the SEC from time to time.

Please be reminded that all statements are made as of today, and Infinera undertakes no obligation to update or revise any forward-looking statements to reflect events or circumstances that may arise after the date of this call.

Today's conference call includes references to non-GAAP financial measures, except for revenue, balance sheet items and cash flow from operations, which are discussed on a GAAP basis.

Pursuant to Regulation G, we've provided a reconciliation of these non-GAAP financial measures to the most directly comparable GAAP financial measures in our preliminary earnings release, which is available on the Investor Relations section of our website.

And finally, as a reminder, we'll allow for plenty of time for Q&A today, but we ask that you limit yourselves to 1 question and 1 follow-up, please. I'll now turn the call over to our Chief Executive Officer, David Heard.

David?.

Thanks, Amitabh. Good afternoon, and thanks for joining us today. I'll begin with the highlights for the first quarter results and then turn the call over to Nancy to cover the financial details of the first quarter and the outlook for the second quarter. The first quarter was much like a tale of 2 cities for us.

On 1 hand, bookings were strong and on plan and up year-over-year. Strategic deal momentum was unprecedented, as we won new network decisions potentially representing over $1 billion in cumulative multiyear value across some very strategic accounts for us.

Margin and EPS were within our outlook range despite the large contribution from lower-margin line systems, which are crucial for laying the groundwork for future high-margin fill.

Cash flow generation was healthy with free cash flow of $16 million in the quarter, continuing the positive trend from the fourth quarter of 2023, where we generated $58 million in free cash flow. We ended Q1 with $192 million in cash and cash equivalents with no amount drawn against our $200 million-plus ABL.

And we released our Q4 2023 and full year 2023 financial results. As you've hopefully seen by now, overall, our Q4 results came in towards the upper end of our prior outlook range.

For the full year of 2023, we delivered our sixth consecutive year of revenue growth, gross margin of approximately 40% and earnings per share growth of 92% compared to 2022. With respect to our quarterly close process, we plan to get back on normal cadence after we file our first quarter Form 10-Q, which is expected to occur in the next week.

Despite this progress, however, our quarterly revenue came in 4% below the low end of our outlook range and declined 22% on a year-over-year basis compared to revenue declines already reported in the industry of 30% to 50% in Q1 by many of our optical peers.

Our revenue shortfall in the quarter was due to a slower release of book ship orders to the tune of approximately $25 million, in addition to the pushout of shipments from the first half of the year to the second half of the year.

We believe these market dynamics will continue through the second quarter before business conditions start to normalize in the back half of the year, enabling us to get back to year-over-year growth in the second half.

The positive news I mentioned earlier is that we continued to win groundbreaking awards in the quarter with some notable customer logos that are expected to have a significant impact on the future trajectory of the company.

Our open optical road map aligns well with our customers' need for open and agile architectures that deliver the lowest cost per bit, the lowest power per bit while improving operational efficiency.

Our recent wins reinforce our ability to help customers keep pace with the accelerating traffic demand, supports the build-out of deep fiber networks and efficiently manage evolving data center capacity needs, especially with new applications like artificial intelligence.

As a result, we remain laser-focused on our priorities, which are to grow and take market share in the $11 billion-plus systems market, ramp our business in the growing $5 billion market for coherent pluggables and leverage our vertical integration capabilities to break into the high-volume $2 billion intra-data center segment driven from the optical payloads of AI.

The addition of pluggables and intra data center products onto our systems portfolio allows the maximum leverage of our U.S.-based fab as we drive significantly higher volumes through it. In fact, annual PIC volumes associated with embedded solutions that are sold as part of our Optical Systems business tend to be in the tens of thousands of units.

Pluggable volumes are expected to scale to hundreds of thousands of units, and we expect intra-data center volumes to scale into millions of units annually. We believe this dramatic increase in unit volume will drive a tremendous cost advantage across our portfolio in the future, a critical factor in the realization of our long-term business model.

Our U.S.-based fab and advanced semiconductor packaging center also provides the added benefit of enhanced supply chain security and resiliency, which is increasingly important to our customers in the U.S. and abroad.

Let me dive further into the specifics of the recent strategic wins and the progress to date in Q2, beginning first with the systems business. First, we continued the momentum with hyperscalers and our GX portfolio, including our next-generation open line systems.

During the quarter, we won a new GX ICE7-based subsea deal with a major hyperscaler potentially worth $100 million to $200 million over 3 years, and we secured a major design win with our GX open line system potentially worth $200 million to $300 million over 3 years.

In addition, we onboarded another hyperscaler with our ICE6 solution and secured a GX Metro and open line system win with a Tier 2 content provider.

Second, influenced by the traffic demand of hyperscalers, we continue winning managed optical fiber networks, or [MOFN] deals, in India, the Middle East, Africa and Asia with at least 3 new customers in Q1 supporting multiple hyperscalers.

These land-and-expand opportunities start out small, but with the expected growth in these regions, we expect them to become a more significant portion of our revenue in the future. As a reminder, for the full year of 2023, we estimate that our direct and indirect exposure to hyperscalers approach 50% of our product revenue.

And third, we secured major wins with our GX systems portfolio with an international wholesale provider in Europe and a major service provider in the U.S. We continue to see bandwidth and connectivity needs increasing across our target markets, including increased marketing of 400-gig capacity services by carriers.

We also anticipate initial orders from a design win at a major U.S. service provider customer this quarter as they continue to upgrade their metro networks while pushing to capture higher bandwidth service revenues. These orders would begin shipping in the second half of the year into 2025. Shifting to our pluggable solutions.

As you are aware by now, we landed a sizable 800-gig ZR/ZR+ win with a major hyperscaler in Q1. Since we are in a strict NDA, we're limited to what we can say about the specifics of this contract, but we estimate this opportunity to generate between $300 million to $700 million in revenue for us over 3 years beginning in the second half of 2025.

I am also excited to announce that we received our first orders for our 400-gig pluggables from a major U.S. cable MSO this quarter.

While these initial orders are of a relatively small size, we are excited about the potential ramp at this customer to a $300 million to $400 million opportunity over 3 years as we address important use cases in the customers' network across both the consumer and enterprise service offerings. Finally, turning to the latest addition of our portfolio.

We launched our IC intra-data center solutions ahead of the OFC show in March. These solutions, which leverage our core competency in Indian phosphide pick and our U.S.-based optical semiconductor fab in California have the potential to reduce power per bit by as much as 75% for AI-centric applications.

The elegance of our offering is that it is agnostic to data center architectures and will serve linear pluggable optics, 3x and halftime optics.

We have set chips available now are deeply engaged with ecosystem partners and are working towards landing our leading customer in the second half of the year that could drive significant volume through our fab. As you can see, the momentum we have in our business sets us up well for 2025 and beyond.

As evidenced by our OFC show, we are winning business, mind share and trust from our customers, suppliers and partners. We also believe we remain well positioned for the CHIPS Act funding. In fact, I'm taking this call today from Washington, D.C.

As most of the CHIPS Act awards for larger companies have been announced, we expect smaller companies to begin receiving awards in the third and fourth quarter of this year. While the long-term prospects are encouraging, the short-term macro and industry dynamics are more challenging than our expectations coming into the year.

We continue to expect a slow first half, with trends improving in the back half as we focus on getting to delivering year-over-year growth in the second half. As a result, for the full year, we now expect our revenues to be down 1% to 5% compared to 2023. Nancy will walk through the details shortly.

As for the overall optical systems market, I expect the market to be significantly down in the first half and up in the second half of the year, resulting in an overall decline of 7% to 8% for the year.

But as we head into 2025, I expect the overall market to normalize and start the next cycle of optical growth, driven by fiber to the curve, massive data center build-outs, AI and global growth in bandwidth demand.

Against this backdrop, we will focus on taking our fair share of design wins and new deals, several of which ramped in the second half of the year and into 2025.

Deploy what is expected to be a record number of next-generation line systems across new routes, which will drive future higher-margin transponder sales; continue our investment in R&D for systems and pluggables while increasing investments on ICE-D; drive down discretionary spending to keep overall OpEx flat to down 3% for the year.

Given the size and scale of our recent wins, the competitiveness of our portfolio and the strength of our long-term secular drivers underpinning our business, we believe we can return to our target growth rate of 8% to 12% in 2025, depending on where we end up for 2024.

This should result in our earnings per share getting back in the range of $0.40 to $0.50 next year. As I close today, I'd like to reiterate our recent strategic RFP wins and contracts, along with the size and scale of our opportunity funnel, give me confidence in our ultimate recovery of the business as we head into 2025 and beyond.

The near-term environment is difficult, but I see no change in the long-term drivers of the business and the increasing importance of scale and vertical integration in the industry. I'd like to thank the Infinera team for their unwavering commitment to innovation that matters, execution, our customers and to one another.

I'd also like to thank our partners, customers and shareholders for their continued support. I couldn't feel better about our strategic position, and I believe we remain well positioned for the long term. I'll now hand the call over to Nancy to cover the financial details of the quarter and our outlook.

Nancy?.

revenue of $330 million, plus or minus $20 million, implying a year-over-year revenue decline of approximately 10% to 15%; gross margin of 39.5%, plus or minus 150 basis points, approximately flat on a year-over-year basis at the midpoint of the range; operating expenses of $138 million to $141 million, modestly up on a year-over-year basis; and operating loss of 3.5%, plus or minus 300 basis points, down on a year-over-year basis, primarily due to lower revenue.

Below the operating income line, we assume $8 million for net interest expense and $4 million for taxes. Finally, we are anticipating a loss of $0.09, plus or minus $0.04 per share, assuming a basic share count of approximately 235 million shares and a fully diluted share count that's profitable of approximately 264 million shares.

We expect to utilize cash from operations in Q2, primarily for working capital, and return to generating cash from operations over the second half of the year.

I expect the first quarter to mark the low point for us in the year, with a gradual improvement in our financials in Q2 and a more meaningful step-up in the back half with revenue growth of about 8% to 10% compared to the second half of 2023. For the full year, we now expect revenue to be down between 1% and 5% compared to 2023.

While it is early to be talking about 2025, our longer-term planning framework assumes that industry dynamics normalize in 2025 and that we get back to our objective of 8% to 12% revenue growth, depending on where we end 2024.

This growth rate in 2025 would serve as the foundation to get us back to the $0.40 to $0.50 EPS range next year, which obviously implies roughly a year shift out in the realization of our dollar per share EPS objective.

Despite these near-term considerations, our refreshed portfolio, customer momentum, design wins, contracts signed, RFP activity and the size and quality of our opportunity funnel give me a lot more confidence in the long-term trajectory of the business.

I would like to thank the Infinera team as well for their continued commitment to innovation and execution excellence and our partners, customers and shareholders for your continued cooperation and support. Operator, I'd now like to open the line for questions..

Thank you. [Operator Instructions] Your first question comes from the line of Samik Chatterjee with JPMorgan..

So maybe for the first one, I know you talked about the strong design activity that you had in 1Q. But in terms of those translating into orders, can you give us a bit more sense about what are you seeing in terms of order trends in the quarter related to either the carriers or telco service providers versus the [indiscernible] customers.

Can you give us a bit more sense there? And I have a follow-up..

Yes, it's okay. As we've mentioned in kind of past earnings calls, the ICPs tend to shop in bulk. Bulk quantities, we had about $25 million of book ship orders that normally would have come. The overall booking profile was about to what we expected in terms of dollar value, and was it indeed above 1. Which isn't bragging, given the revenue base.

But there was about $25 million, mostly ICP, that -- that pushed out into the back half of the year as well as we had some implementation of projects at some CSPs that also pushed into the back half of the year. We think this will continue into Q2.

But based on the design wins and orders we're pulling in, we expect that pattern to reverse a bit in the back half. And it's given us more credibility and confidence in our plan for 2025.

Did that answer your question?.

Yes. No. And maybe if I can move to gross margins. Nancy, curious -- I mean, you still -- you have a strong gross margin expansion here from 1Q to 2Q.

And are we still sort of thinking if you can just walk us through that? And are we still thinking sort of mid-40s exiting the year? Maybe if you can clarify that?.

Yes. So gross margin, certainly in Q1 was impacted by the number of line systems that we deployed. We talked a little bit about this on our last call. But you can think about that as almost 200 basis point impact in gross margin from line systems and then about another $100 million from just the lower volume in terms of absorption of fixed costs.

As far as exiting the year, if we're down 1% to 5%, I would expect that margins are likely going to be still flat to slightly up with fiscal year '23 and it will take us a little bit of time to get back into that mid-40s, which is still our target business model..

Your next question comes from the line of Simon Leopold with Raymond James..

Great. It sounds to me, just looking at the full year guidance that you expect your September-December results to be very similar to what you had talked about in March and previously.

And I just wanted to sort of see what are the key drivers given the softness you saw this quarter and in your guide, what's sort of informing your confidence? And is my arithmetic correct in thinking that you're really expecting the same second half of the year that you anticipated before?.

Amitabh?.

Yes, I mean, I think you're right. The second half is contemplated to be very similar to the first half -- sorry, to our prior expectations. And I think David will cover this in more detail, but we did talk about projects being pushed out from the first half to the second half. David talked about a slow release of book ship in the order of $25 million.

We also mentioned that in last quarter's call. So part of, I think, what you're seeing in the back half is an expectation that these projects that have been pushed out due to timing come through fruition. But David, please go ahead and add..

Yes. I think, Simon, what we are doing is just given the slower book ship which is in our industry, the hardest thing to predict we're just not expecting those pushed projects to add to what we already had in the back half. So we're kind of tuning that into our back half plan.

And so it's both the project pushouts, the RFP wins, any line systems we're laying out. That's what we've put into our bottoms-up view for the second half..

And for my follow-up, I'm wondering if you could maybe give us a little bit more color on customer concentration.

Were there any 10% customers in the quarter? And really of more interest, I think, is what are your expectations for customer concentration for the full year 2024? What are you baking in?.

Yes. So let's let Amitabh and Nancy hit that one..

Yes. So for customer concentration, there was not a 10% customer in the quarter for Q1. There were a couple that bumped up close to that. But we are still seeing a lot of strength in terms of ICPs in our top 10..

Your next question comes from the line of Christian Schwab with Craig-Hallum Capital Group..

Great. I had a few difficulties, so I didn't get every design win that you had.

Can you just give us the total of the design wins over a 3-year basis for all the ones that you kind of walked through that you anticipate starting in '25 and going through '28, what that total number was?.

Yes. I think maybe just to recall it, we can go through the ones for systems and for pluggables so that it's quite clear because I think it's an important point.

Ron, do you want to walk through those?.

Sure. We had -- in the hyperscaler domain, we had a number of wins. One of them was on ICE7 for a subsea based win that we see worth $100 million to $200 million over 3 years. We had a GX open line system for terrestrial applications that over 3 years is worth $200 million to $300 million..

Also with a major hyperscaler..

All of these are the hyperscalers. A third one with hyperscalers was an ICE6 solution, as well as a GX Metro. We didn't talk about a specific number on this, but this is likely in a similar range between $100 million to $200 million. We also -- and then outside the hyperscaler space but motivated on hyperscalers.

We had a number of [MOFN] wins, right, the managed optical fiber networks. So these are in places where the hyperscalers don't operate networks. They leverage service providers to do so, typically in the Middle East, in Africa and in Asia. We had 3 new wins. These aren't massive wins, but these are what we refer to as land and expand.

So there are opportunities to get into these service providers and expand into other applications within the service providers. On the systems side and the service providers, we had a GX systems portfolio win with a wholesaler in Europe and a major service provider in the U.S.

Again, over multiple years in that same time, this would -- this will be worth $200 million to $300 million. And then if we look at the pluggable wins, this is also a hyperscaler. We had a sizable win in ZR and ZR+ for 800 gig.

This is the one that David referred to as under strict NDA, so we can't say a lot about it, but it is anywhere between $300 million to $700 million over a 3-year period. And then on the Subsystem side, we had a first 400-gig, not just win but booking, with a major U.S. cable provider.

And that cable provider has the potential just in a split decision for that network to spend $300 million to $400 million over the next 3 years, leveraging both applications that use our subcarrier technology with our 400-gig as well as point-to-point applications with our 400-gig. Really, really desirable win in the 400-gig space there..

Thanks, Ron. So those are all based on, again, those -- either design wins, RFPs or actual contracts and again, on the forecast that were being provided from the customer set.

Did that help?.

That's tremendous.

And then my follow-up question is, is there a number of other customers that you're working for? Would you expect more substantial orders on top of that to occur throughout calendar 2024?.

Sure. Yes. I mean I think last time when we updated, we had talked about the 800-gig design win as an example, the initial sampling order that we got from the major U.S. MSO that Ron talked about, that happened in Q2 here. And then we also have a U.S. service provider that we had a design win almost, call it, 3 quarters ago.

And we believe that we'll be receiving the first orders this quarter. That would then be up for scaling as we get into the back half of the year into '25. So obviously, that's kind of why we're riding out this kind of short-term bottoming of the optical curve as people finally burn out the inventory.

But ultimately, the traffic needs both in the back half and definitely into '25. This helps us fill out kind of the capacity curve to substantiate the growth for 2025..

Fantastic. Thanks for the clarity. No other questions..

Your next question comes from the line of Michael Genovese with Rosenblatt Securities..

The second half outlook that you have, I mean it's really strong, and it seems to be based on like an unprecedented number of design wins that you can list off. Like you've never heard this before, like something new was going on here.

And I wanted to gauge you on the -- like is this -- how much of the second half is the industry? And how much is specific to you guys taking share and having through the design?.

It's really a good question. I mean, look, the industry is tough to gauge, right? When you looked at where we were coming into the year, everybody kind of had optical growing at low single digits, 1% to 3%.

When we look at who's announced so far, right, it appears that most folks that have announced have been -- now with us announcing between 22% and 50% year-over-year declines in Q1. Now we think that will improve for everybody based on everybody's imputed guidance in Q2.

And based on what we see for the industry, there will be year-over-year growth in the back half. I mean, I hate to say it, but a really lousy compare when you're at the bottom of the curve for the front half.

Now, that being said, I've been at the company 6 years and I just haven't seen us in a position with our portfolio where we're able to get these kind of design wins. But don't forget, we still have to get orders for that, deliver the orders and execute. So what we're trying to do for everybody is give you our best view.

I think we are taking more than our fair share if you look at our book-to-bill over the last 2 years compared to competitors. But again, getting that rolled out and seeing the recovery start in Q3 is an important aspect.

A lot of the schedules for these products for the back half and especially into 2025 are supported by a lot of the traffic growth that we see in between data centers and for new technology insertion..

Yes. Great.

And particularly in the ICP hyperscale market, but I think also in metro, it feels like we've gained a lot of share in the -- in the last year, I'd say, but have you seen any numbers come out to kind of quantify whether that feeling is right and that gain share in metro and GCI?.

Have not yet seen anything come out.

And I think that's because the industry still -- again, when I mentioned those decline numbers for Q1 for a market that was going to grow 1% to 3%, I just think you're seeing a bottoming of the curve in the front half as people work through the final inventory and reload for 400-gig networks in the metro, the 800-gig networks in the high-capacity networks for the next lift up of the pluggable -- the pluggable to hit.

As well as subsea, they're laying a record number of cables out across the world. So typically, you don't get analysts that then very quickly calculate overall optical looks like maybe it declined 7% or 8% this year. That's our calculation based on what we see today.

I'm sure the analysts will come down out with the market share, but it's usually a looking back figure..

Your next question comes from the line of Meta Marshall with Morgan Stanley..

This is Karan Juvekar on for Meta. The first question is just more of a clarification question. I think you mentioned that the $25 million of the book ship pushouts were mostly on the ICP side. Did I hear that correctly? And if so, was that a surprise to you guys? I guess any detail on sort of how -- or sort of....

Well, yes, no. Obviously, our contemplated midpoint of the range was higher than what we got, and that's not -- our job as leaders of the company and executives and stewards of shareholders to give the best view of what we see. So obviously, that shifting out was a bit surprising, and we continue to see that happening in Q2.

Again, some of that is actual book ship business and some are projects that are just being delayed as people try to kind of clean up things on their own financials in the front half. And then we see things being scheduled in the second half. But yes, primarily on the ICP front.

And if you look at our ICP numbers year-over-year, quarter-over-quarter, that's why you see a little bit more of a decline there. And yes, that wasn't something we had planned..

Okay. That's helpful. And then second question for me. I guess, traction on the pluggables win that you had last quarter, any details around there? And was this 1 of the pushouts that you saw in the quarter? And if so, does that impact the gross margins? Just given it's a more vertically integrated product.

I appreciate you have an NDA so you may not be able to disclose much, but....

Yes, I want to be crystal clear. So the 800-gig wouldn't start until -- as we talked about on our last call until we're in the mid of 2025. So that had no impact on our business in Q1 and Q2.

Although those -- that number that we gave is, again, based on -- as we engage on the contract and look at the forecast that we've contemplated to be able to drive the right capacity through our fabs, that 300 to 700 is something we haven't talked about prior.

The new win in the -- or the design win in -- with the MSO in North America is something new here in Q2, meaning the first order we have, the ability to then scale that to the numbers Ron talked about, again, would begin to happen as we get into the back half of the year. So that was also not contemplated.

That's not an excuse code for the front half dip that both the industry is experiencing and we're experiencing..

Your next question comes from the line of George Notter with Jefferies..

I just wanted to come back on the roster of content provider wins you mentioned.

Just to be clear, are these all incremental to the existing run rates of business you're doing with these customers?.

Yes. I think for the most part, the ICE7 subsea win is incremental. The hyperscaler OLS win for a new line system that we just announced in Q1 is indeed incremental on the system side of things. And certainly, the 800-gig win. So those were the 3 largest that we talked about.

The -- moving somebody over to ICE6 is actually an existing customer that we have that's moving on to the ICE6 platform..

Got it. Okay. And then for these wins, I assume then these are all contracted with the dollar values you guys have outlined, specified or at least unit volumes that translate into those kinds of dollars specified? Or I guess I just want to make sure that firm pieces of business that are in backlog now.

And I guess I would have expected the bookings to be up more also given the strength here. I'm just trying to put it all together and think about the second half of the year and that ramp..

No, George, it's a good question. And I think we were pretty specific in our language here. These design wins are RFP wins. When you win them, it's great. And when you -- in many cases, you sign a contract, but then the volumes are based on the forecast that they then roll out.

So what we've given you is as we've negotiated these RFPs, these design wins, and price them as well as the pluggable contract that we talked about. We get volumes kind of low range, medium range, high range. It's actually a low and high from the customers. These are not hard program volume to roll out in quarter X, Y and Z.

That would be great because it would be much easier to do the quarterly predictions going forward. So these are, as we said, that should be worth these ranges, right? And that's based on the forecast we've gotten from the client that we've landed those deals at..

Got it. And is that a big element of the second half ramp? I assume it is given the conversational point..

It's a reasonable portion of the second half ramp, many of them on the line system, the [MOFN] side and then the pushouts of the ICP from Q1 and Q2. I mean that's material to the second half. And when you look at the pluggable, the OLS win and the ICE7 win, that's more primary to 2025..

Your next question comes from the line of David Kang with B. Riley..

My first question is regarding the inventory situation.

Just exactly how much excess inventories are out there? And are we pretty close and we still got maybe a few more quarters to go?.

Well, certainly, there was enough to prevent $25 million of book shipped in the quarter and, call it, an equal number for Q2 as well as continued project pushouts. But we do think that things are beginning to thin down.

And based on the RFP activity and the engagement we're having on both the ICP and the CSP side, we believe things are narrowing down to where the second half, there should be, again, that year-over-year growth, not just first half over second half growth because this is, I think, a trough that you'll see in the industry that will begin to pick up in Q3 and Q4..

Got it. And then regarding all these multiple design wins you talked about ranging from $100 million to $300 million.

Are these, just for clarification, hard contracts where there is like a minimum amount? Or is it just a forecast from these customers?.

No, these are -- I mean, look, these are all wins that then purchase orders are issued against, right? Either contracts or RFP wins or design wins where you then have quantities off against that. Now part of that process, we go through what volume over what period of time. And that's why there's such a wide range of we try to put a low and a high.

And that's just to better educate folks on why we feel good about 2025 moving forward..

And when would they start to hit your, like, backlog then?.

Yes. So I mean, as you start to get out towards the end of this year, I think you would start to see that hit the backlog. That's kind of what would be normalized in a view of the growth rates we have in for Q3 and Q4 and for 2025..

That concludes our question-and-answer session. I will now turn the call back over to David Heard for closing remarks..

Yes. So certainly, as we mentioned, the start to the year was lower than expected as carriers and ICPs kind of held on to their orders and ran their networks a bit hotter than I think we all expected, and you'll see that going across the industry. But they are planning on expanding those 400-gig services and 800-gig services for high-capacity routes.

As I said, we're not the overall market analyst, but as we calculate, that probably says that there's a market decline in the front half.

That's kind of temporary in nature, call it digestion, finalization of 20%, followed by growth in the back half, albeit still we're not pushing anything -- we're not pushing everything that was missed in the front half to the second half for an overall decline in the optical market that's 7% to 8%.

But the traffic generation in 400-gig subsea high-capacity routes and then ultimately, inside the data center, are going to drive, I think, the optical world to go back to that normalized next cycle on AI as we get into 2025. So certainly, these RFP wins and fair questions, guys, on the -- it's not hard-coded contract value.

But in the company's history, we just have not seen this kind of potential value of lining -- a brand-new line system into ICPs, ICE7 wins already that are significant in nature as well as on the pluggable side, which is, I think, going to drive a huge cost benefit for us for our long-term model.

So we all know optical is becoming more important to the network outside and inside the data center. And I think our strategy for VI is well positioned for the next optical cycle. So I know the news on the Q1 and the Q2 outlook, well in line with the optical industry or a little bit better, is not great.

The prospects on that second half growth and even more importantly, into 2025 is very, very strong. So we'll continue to keep our heads down and focusing on execution and taking more than our fair share, driving operating efficiencies and keeping transparent with what we see in the market as it develops.

So I appreciate the thoughtful questions and engagement, and we'll be talking to you soon. Thanks, everybody. Have a great night..

This concludes today's conference call. Thank you for your participation, and you may now disconnect..