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Good morning. Welcome to the Waters Corporation Fourth Quarter 2024 Financial Results Conference Call. All participants will be in a listen-only mode, until the question-and-answer session begins. This call is being recorded. If you have any objections, please disconnect at this time. It is now my pleasure to turn the call over to Mr. Caspar Tudor, Head of Investor Relations. Please go ahead, sir.

Thank you, Danny. Good morning, everyone, and welcome to the Waters Corporation Fourth Quarter Earnings Call. Today, I'm joined by Dr. Udit Batra, Water's President and Chief Executive Officer; and Amol Chaubal, Waters' Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer. Before we begin, I will cover the cautionary language. In this conference call, we will make forward-looking statements, regarding future events, or future financial performance of the company. We will provide guidance regarding possible future results as well as commentary on potential market and business conditions that may impact Waters Corporation over the first quarter of 2025 and full year 2025. These statements are only our present expectations and actual events or results may differ materially. Please see the risk factors included within our Form 10-K, our Form 10-Qs, and the cautionary language included in this morning's earnings release. During today's call, we will refer to certain non-GAAP financial measures. Reconciliations to the most directly comparable GAAP measures are attached to our earnings release and in the appendix of the slide presentation accompanying today's call. Both are available on the Investor Relations section of our website. Unless stated otherwise, references to quarterly results increasing or decreasing are in comparison to the fourth quarter of fiscal year 2023. In addition, unless stated otherwise all year-over-year revenue growth rates and ranges given on today's call are on a comparable organic constant currency basis. Finally, we do not intend to update our guidance predictions or projections except as part of a regularly scheduled earnings release or as otherwise required by law. Now, I'd like to hand the call over to Udit to deliver our key remarks. Amol will then present a more detailed overview of our results and guidance. And then after, we'll open the phone lines for questions. Over to you Udit.

Thank you, Caspar, and good morning everyone. We delivered an excellent finish to 2024 in the fourth quarter, achieving high single-digit constant currency revenue growth and low teens adjusted EPS growth. In Pharma, which is our largest end market sales grew low double digits. Before diving into the details, I want to thank my colleagues at Waters for their resilience innovative spirit and collaboration. This fuels our strong sales performance and operational achievements as we accelerate the benefits of pioneering science. Throughout the year, our message has remained clear and consistent. We're executing well in an analytical instruments and systems market that is beginning its recovery. The innovation in our revitalized portfolio is well aligned with customer unmet needs at a time, when instruments are ripe for replacement. Our focus and leadership position in downstream, high-volume, life science applications has earned us a unique exposure to an exciting mix of fast-growing high-volume testing opportunities. This includes GLP-1 testing PFAS testing and the generics market in India. Today, I'm pleased to share the latest proof points that demonstrate our favorable position right at a time when a recovery in customer CapEx spending and instrument replacement is beginning to kick into gear. I expect the strength and momentum to continue into 2025 and we will cover this later in the call. Turning now to our results. In the fourth quarter, sales grew 6.4% as reported and 8% in constant currency. Sales exceeded the high end of our guidance range as growth accelerated across all our three reported regions. Instruments grew 8% outpacing our expectations as LC Mass Spec light scattering and TA system sales each grew high single digits or better. Recurring revenues grew 9%, also marking an improvement from the previous quarter with chemistry and service both up high single digits. We continue to build momentum delivering a high-teens quarter-over-quarter revenue ramp, while funnel activity remains strong. We also achieved outstanding results within our P&L with our sustained focus on operational excellence our non-GAAP earnings per share was $4.10, reflecting 13% EPS growth. Excluding the impact of FX, our adjusted EPS grew 22%. On a GAAP basis EPS was $3.88. Turning now to the full year. Sales were flat as reported and in organic constant currency as our quarterly growth performance improved every quarter. Recurring revenue grew 6%, once again underscoring the unique resilience of our recurring portfolio across various market conditions. With a strong EPS result in Q4, our full year non-GAAP earnings per fully diluted share was $11.86. This reflects 1% growth and includes a 5% decline due to foreign exchange headwinds. On a GAAP basis EPS was $10.71 per share. Breaking out our results in more detail. We saw strong broad-based growth in the fourth quarter. Strength was led by our Pharma and Academic end markets both of which grew double digits. In Pharma, sales grew 10%, led by low double-digit growth in Europe and Asia and high single-digit growth in the Americas. In particular, spending amongst large pharma, contract manufacturing organizations and generics customers continued to recover where our revenue is tied to high-volume regulated QA/QC applications. In our non-pharma segment, sales grew 6% led by low double-digit growth in Europe, mid-single-digit growth in Asia and low single-digit growth in the Americas. We saw strong growth in the A&G segment across Asia, including China, Japan and India as well as in Europe. By geography, Europe grew 11%; Asia 9%; America 6%. In China -- overall sales returned to positive growth in China and was up low single digits. Although -- altogether these results reflect excellent momentum into the year end. I would now like to share more in-depth commentary on what drove our strong performance. With our commercial focus and disciplined execution, we continue to deliver impressive outcomes driving like-for-like pricing gains. We also capitalized on the success of our new product launches achieved strong placement of our new flagship products that command a price premium due to their unmatched benefits in solving customer unmet needs. Within LC, Alliance iS has paved the way for smarter more capable liquid chromatography separation that minimizes user errors. In the fourth quarter, sales more than doubled quarter-over-quarter, Alliance iS constituted 20% of our HPLC revenue in the fourth quarter after adoption continued to scale throughout the year. Within Mass Spec the Xevo TQ Absolute system remained our best-selling mass spectrometer with its market-leading sensitivity and sustainable design. In the fourth quarter, unit sales grew 40% year-over-year and constituted 50% of our tandem quad revenue. As a reminder, tandem quads are the most suitable mass specs for high-volume quantitative measurements in compliant settings. The Xevo TQ Absolute has been a key driver of the strong results we've achieved in PFAS testing and in clinical applications. Our PFAS revenue grew over 40% in the fourth quarter and for the year. PFAS testing is a $400 million global market growing at 20% annually. So this represents growth at approximately twice the market for the second consecutive year. For clinical total clinical revenue grew low-teens in the quarter driven in part by strong sales of the IVD version of the Xevo TQ Absolute. Within our chemistry consumables business, our newer column launches aimed at separating larger more complex molecules like biologics and novel modalities continue to perform ahead of expectations. Max Premier columns sales grew over 30% in the quarter and over 40% for the year. With success of our new column launches our exposure to higher-growth large molecule applications has risen. Large molecule applications are now approximately 40% of our pharma chemistry revenue and growing. Our service team has continued to make strides in increasing plan attachment. For the first time over 50% of our active installed base has a service plan in place. SDI recently recognized our service team for delivering the highest service satisfaction scores among all instrument vendors. At the same time, our Net Promoter Scores lead the industry according to technology and services industry associations. During the quarter, our unique exposure to new high-volume testing drivers also contributed to our growth. This includes novel therapeutic areas such as GLP-1 testing, PFAS testing applications and food and environmental testing and the expanding generic drug market -- generics drug market in India. All three represent a compelling growth opportunity for Waters based on our leadership position in downstream high-volume life science applications. In 2024, we performed very well against our growth expectations in each of these areas. In the near to midterm, we continue to expect 30 basis points annual average growth accretion from both GLP-1 testing and PFAS testing, while India is expected to add 70 to 100 basis points to the growth. Now I will talk more about our operational performance. Our team faced numerous margin challenges throughout the year, including FX, inflation and the normalization of annual incentive compensation. Despite a rapid strengthening of the U.S. dollar during the fourth quarter, our unwavering focus on operational excellence allowed us to counteract the currency headwinds. We achieved a 60 basis point increase in adjusted operating margin to 35.5% after absorbing 220 basis points of FX impact. Offsetting currency and macroeconomic headwinds is something our team has gotten very good at. For the full year, we achieved year-over-year adjusted operating margin expansion closing the year at 31%. This is after absorbing 130 basis points of FX-related impact. As we look ahead, while no two macroeconomic environments are the same instrument down cycles have historically been followed by an up cycle as a new instrument replacement cycle emerges. During these uptrends, instrument growth has typically been 2% to 3% higher than the long-term average of 5%. Currently, our instrument growth sits at 2% on a five-year CAGR basis versus 2019. This comes after weak macroeconomic conditions put temporary constraints on customer CapEx spending for downstream instrumentation in recent years. The growth catch-up opportunity from this deferred instrument replacement is beginning to kick in to gear. Meanwhile in the longer-term, we expect the average growth rate of instruments to actually trend higher than the historical 5%, driven by higher volume trends, new application areas like large molecules and better pricing dynamics. Together with the progress we have made in our high-growth adjacencies, Waters is well positioned for an exciting new era of growth as the analytical instrument market continues to recover. This also coincides with the launch of a new wave of commercial and value creation initiatives that we look forward to discussing in detail at our upcoming Investor Day. I will now cover the 2025 full year guidance. Customer spending has shown steady signs of recovery in analytical instruments particularly in the downstream high-volume settings that we serve. We expect these positive trends to continue into 2025. Our team continues to execute well with our revitalized portfolio at a time when instrument replacement is beginning to pick up. Together our resilient recurring revenue growth and the ongoing impact of our idiosyncratic growth drivers, we anticipate continuing our strong momentum into 2025. These dynamics support full year 2025 constant currency sales growth guidance of 4.5% to 7%. Within the P&L, the recent strengthening of the U.S. dollar introduced additional foreign exchange headwinds. Nevertheless, we plan to counterbalance these impacts with robust operational performance, sustaining our margin expansion trends into 2025. This translates to a full year 2025 earnings per fully diluted share guidance of $12.70 to $13. On a non-GAAP basis this is a 7% to 10% growth versus our 2024 -- versus 2024, and includes an estimated headwind of approximately 4% due to unfavorable foreign exchange. Now I will pass the call over to Amol to cover our financial results in more detail and provide further details on our guidance. Amol?

Thank you Udit, and good morning everyone. In the fourth quarter, we delivered a strong finish to the year. Sales of $873 million grew 6% as reported and 8% in constant currency as both instruments and recurring revenues grew high single digits. With our strong commercial execution and new product portfolio, we benefited from budget flush as overall sales ramped up $132 million, or 18% quarter-over-quarter. This was meaningfully higher than the mid-teens ramp assumption in our guidance. In constant currency terms, by end market Pharma grew 10%, Industrial grew 2%, and Academic and Government grew 16%. In Pharma, sales grew 12% in Asia, 10% in Europe, and 9% in Americas. Instrument sales grew high single digits led by liquid chromatography as deferred customer spending continued its early stages of recovery. In Industrial growth was led by our TA division, which also grew high-single digits amidst strength in batteries, advanced materials and chemical testing. Within our Waters division, we continue to see strong growth in PFAS-related applications, which grew over 40% in the quarter. In Academic & Government, the strong performance was driven by 35% growth in Asia and 20% growth in Europe. Within Asia growth was broad-based. By geography, each of our three reported regions saw significant growth acceleration versus the prior quarter. Europe grew 11%, Asia grew 9% and Americas grew 6% each with broad strength across our end markets. In China sales returned to growth up, low-single digits. By products and services, Instruments grew 8%, reflecting broad strength across our instrument portfolio including LC, Mass Spec, light scattering and TA. In recurring revenue, chemistry grew 7% and service grew 9%, as customer activity remained strong, with high utilization of our installed base. Our robust growth has been supported by our commercial initiatives in areas such as service plan attachment, e-commerce adoption and launch of our new bioseparation columns. Turning now to full year results, sales of $2.96 billion, were flat as reported and flat in organic constant currency terms. By end market Pharma grew 1%, Industrial was flat and Academic and Government declined 7%. By geography Europe grew 2%, while Americas and Asia both declined 1%. Asia ex-China grew high-single digits, while China declined low-double digits as expected. By products and services instrument growth rates recovered throughout the year and declined 7%, overall. Recurring revenues grew 6%, reflecting the resilience of our chemistry consumables and service businesses. Now, I will comment on our fourth quarter and full year non-GAAP financial performance, versus last year. During the fourth quarter the U.S. dollar strengthened significantly. With our focus on operational excellence including pricing, productivity and cost management we were able to offset the impact. Gross margin was 60.1% for the quarter and 59.4% for the full year. Excluding FX, gross margin expanded 60 basis points and 80 basis points, respectively. For the quarter, adjusted operating margin expanded 60 basis points to 35.5%. For the full year, adjusted operating margin expanded to 31%, after absorbing 130 basis points of adverse FX impact as well as the normalization of annual incentive compensation. As we look ahead, we are well positioned to continue our margin expansion journey through our productivity initiatives and take our profitability to new heights. Together with better-than-expected sales volume, our strong operational performance drove 13% growth in non-GAAP earnings per fully diluted share to $4.10. This landed at the high end of our guidance range even with an FX headwind that was $0.23 greater than anticipated. On GAAP basis, EPS was $3.88. For the full year, non-GAAP EPS grew 1% to $11.86. This includes a decline of approximately 5%, due to foreign exchange headwinds. On a GAAP basis EPS was $10.71. Our effective adjusted operating tax rate was 16.9% for the quarter and 16.4% for the full year. Our average share count was 59.6 million for the quarter and for the full year. Turning now to free cash flow, capital deployment and our balance sheet, we define free cash flow as cash from operations, less capital expenditures, and excludes special items. In the fourth quarter of 2024, free cash flow was $188 million after funding $52 million of capital expenditures, including the purchase of $13 million manufacturing facility in Colorado. For the full year free cash flow was $744 million or 25% of sales, resulting in a free cash flow to adjusted net income conversion ratio of 105%. With the strong free cash flow generation in our business model, we've made solid progress de-levering our balance sheet and our net debt position is now approaching pre-Wyatt acquisition levels. In the fourth quarter we reduced debt by approximately $200 million, resulting in approximately $900 million of debt repayments made in 2024. At the end of the quarter, our net debt position was approximately $1.3 billion, which is a net debt-to-EBITDA ratio of about 1.3 times. We maintain a strong balance sheet, access to liquidity and a well-structured debt maturity profile. This strength allows us to prioritize investing in growth. We continue to evaluate M&A opportunities that will enhance value creation for our shareholders. We'll also evaluate the resumption of our share repurchase program during the course of 2025. Now I would like to share further commentary on our 2025 outlook. Customer spending has shown steady signs of recovery in analytical instruments, particularly in downstream, high volume settings that we serve. We expect these positive trends to continue into 2025. Our team is executing very well with our revitalized portfolio. Together with our resilient recurring revenue growth and supported by our ongoing impact of our idiosyncratic growth drivers, we anticipate achieving strong results again in 2025. These dynamics support full year 2025 constant currency sales growth guidance of 4.5% to 7%. At current exchange rates, currency translation is expected to result in a negative impact of 2% on full year sales. Therefore, our total reported sales growth guidance is approximately 2.5% to 5%. Within the P&L, we plan to counterbalance the impact of foreign exchange headwinds through continued robust operational performance, sustaining our strong margin performance into 2025. We expect to deliver a gross margin of 59.6% and an adjusted operating margin of 31.2% for the full year. In both cases, this represents 20 basis points of net year-over-year expansion net of 40 basis points of FX headwind. We expect our full year net interest expense to be approximately $46 million. Our full year tax rate is expected to be largely consistent with 2024 levels at 16.5%, as we anticipate mitigating the incremental effects of Pillar 2 including those relating to Singapore. Our average diluted share count is expected to be approximately 59.3 million. Rolling all this together, on a non-GAAP basis, our full year 2025 earnings per fully diluted share guidance is projected in the range of $12.70 to $13, which is approximately 7% to 10% growth and includes an estimated headwind of approximately 4%, due to unfavorable foreign exchange. Looking to the first quarter of 2025, our constant currency sales growth guidance is projected in the range of 4% to 7%. At current rates currency translation is expected to subtract approximately 3%. Therefore, our total first quarter reported sales growth guidance is 1% to 7% – 1% to 4%. The first quarter of 2025 has two fewer days than the first quarter of 2024. At the same time, the fourth quarter of 2024 had two additional days than the fourth quarter of 2023. Based on these dynamics, together with our 4% to 7% constant currency sales growth guidance and an expected seven percentage points of currency headwind on earnings, first quarter non-GAAP earnings per fully diluted share is estimated to be in the range of $2.17 to $2.25. Now I would like to turn the call back to Udit for our closing comments. Udit?

Thank you, Amol. 2024 was a defining year for Waters. We delivered excellent sales and operational performance, capitalize on the momentum of our new product launches and saw a strong contribution from our idiosyncratic growth drivers. We also made continued progress in our high-growth adjacencies. As we look to 2025, there is a lot to be excited about. We're coming out of the gate stronger than ever in market conditions that are beginning to recover. We are confident in our ability to deliver enhanced value for our shareholders. With that I will turn the call back over to Caspar.

Thanks, Udit. That concludes our formal comments. Danny, we are now ready to open the phone lines for questions.

We will now begin the Q&A [Operator Instructions] Our first question comes from Tycho Peterson at Jefferies. You will now unmute your line and ask your question.

All right. I'm Tycho Peterson. So Udit, I'm wondering if you could talk a little more just on a couple of things. One budget flush dynamics to what degree you thought you had pulled forward here with the new administration and quantify any budget flush impact? And then on replacement cycle, just talk a little bit about where we are in the process? You've talked in the past about customers bringing IT and procurement to the table. How widespread is it among your pharma customer base? And where do you think you go in terms of iS mix by the end of the year. I know you talked it was 20% in the fourth quarter. And then the follow-up is just capital allocation. You're down to 1.3 turns leverage. What's the appetite to resume share repurchases versus look at M&A? And what's the appetite if it's the latter for larger deals, what can you say about max leverage thresholds and appetite to issue stock? Thanks.

Thank you Tycho, and good morning again. Look, firstly on the budget flush, 2024 was really almost a typical year. We saw a high teens ramp from Q3 to Q4 and that was helped by the sales momentum that we saw at the end of the year. So rather a typical budget flush if you want to call it that. Now, to your question on the replacement cycle. Look, we finished the year extremely strong, right? So high single digit of instrument growth. And LC as you mentioned, Alliance iS is now 20% of our HPLC sales really, really solid performance. Pharma grew double digits to finish the year and driven by large pharma where the replacement cycle has begun and the conversations as I mentioned in the last quarter are not quite widespread. So the double-digit growth in the Pharma segment driven by large pharma, initiating replacement, CDMOs which are also starting to see good momentum and of course continued good performance in India in the generics market. And all of it as I mentioned earlier is of course driven by our late-stage focus in QA/QC, in manufacturing, where instruments are tied to -- instrument replacement is tied to sort of the usage and that scales with the volume. And it's really helped in no small part due to our strong new portfolio, especially driven by Alliance iS in the HPLC space. So we feel very good about where we stand on the instrument replacement cycle. And the funnels going into the year are very strong. So expect really no change in what we are seeing from our customers. So I'll hand over now to Amol to talk a bit about the capital allocation.

Yes. Look, I mean we continue to look at assets that sort of align with our value acceleration goals. Clearly, we've said, we don't mind going up to 2.5 times because we can delever pretty quickly as you've seen with Wyatt. And most critically we want to be financially disciplined when we look at these targets and make sure sort of these assets are EPS accretive and create a good high single-digit ROIC at least by year 5.

Our next question comes from Vijay Kumar at Evercore ISI. Please unmute yourself and ask your question.

Hi Udit, good morning and thank you for taking my question. congrats on a really nice print here. But maybe before I get to my questions, I just want to maybe a small clarification. I would characterize Tycho as our friendly crazy scientist I think he has a better ring to it. So there you go Tycho. I guess if you Udit on the guidance here, this 4.5% to 7% it's best in class so far right relative to tools, some of your peers. How are you incorporating some of the macro-related risks when you think about tariffs perhaps NIH spending cuts, perhaps potential cuts to agencies like EPA. I'm just curious on how that was baked into the guidance. And I had one follow-up.

Sure. So, thanks Vijay. I think as you start talking about sort of Tycho, I should also say and I forgot to say it in the prepared remarks go Eagles. We're big Eagles fans here. So I just wanted to insert that before answering your question. On the guidance itself, look now we finished the year with high single-digit growth, right? And we saw strength in Pharma, double-digit growth in Pharma. We saw strength in A&G. New products with the Alliance iS now almost 20% of the total revenue in Q4, for HPLC Xevo TQ Absolute now almost 50% of the total revenue in quantitative Mass Spec. New products are doing extremely well and they're serving these idiosyncratic growth drivers GLP-1s, PFAS testing, the India generics market. So, it's a very good setup as we go into 2025. We expect the same sort of trends to continue. Now, if you just look at the guidance, it's 4.5% to 7%. Recurring revenues have grown 6% to 7% through all sorts of macro cycles, right? So, there's not much more evidence required there on what's going to happen there. So, we -- let's assume that that's the higher end of the guidance. Then instruments need to grow roughly 4% 4.5% for us to get to the midpoint of the guidance. Finishing the year of instruments at high single-digits with the replacement cycle really beginning in earnest across large pharma where we see really good strength. Funnels are very strong. I spent some time with our sales team across the globe as sales meetings are ongoing. And there's a lot of excitement with our new portfolio. There's a lot of excitement in the discussions that are taking place, especially with large pharma and the CDMOs. So, feel very good about what we see in the funnels. New products are gaining traction. So, same sort of trends are moving into 2024. And there is no reason why we should not be able to meet and exceed the lower end of the guide with all the positive trends that we're seeing. So, we've built a bit of prudence on the lower end of the guide at 4.5% and we will start to get more constructive as the year progresses. So, I hope that gives you some flavor of what we're thinking about in the full year. So, 4.5% in the lower end sort of measures -- has some measure of prudence. And as we see any sort of headwinds, we should be able to more than combat it and meet the guidance.

That's helpful Udit. And maybe one follow-up on when you think about the component guidance PFAS, GLP-1, are we still assuming 30 basis points of contribution? How are you thinking about China-India within that guidance framework and pricing contribution?

Yes, a big question. Let me try to address the idiosyncratic pieces, the GLP-1 and PFAS. First, GLP-1s, I mean we're going from strength-to-strength. As you know we have 100% of our -- 100% share in the columns usage. We have a significant share in instrument usage and we are the number one player in online testing for GLP-1. So, we do expect the 30 basis points to continue. We have good line of sight on it. PFAS testing, we finished the year with 60 basis points of contribution to the overall growth. But we're assuming for -- in the 2025 guidance, a 30 basis points accretion. So, both of them are 30 plus 30. And India is -- has contributed over 100 basis points in 2024, finishing the year -- finishing Q4 at over 30% growth, right? For the full year, India, on a constant currency basis was over 25% growth, right? So, we've assumed India will be at least 70 to 100 basis points accretive to the growth going forward. China, we've sort of maintained our low single-digit posture there, right? So, China Q4 came in as expected. Low single-digit growth, a modest contribution from stimulus. We expect the same in 2025. So, China could -- as the stimulus comes in, could give us a bit of an upside.

And the last one on pricing closer to 200 basis points.

Our next question comes from Puneet Souda at Leerink. Please unmute your line and ask your question.

Yes, hi everyone. Thanks for the questions here. So, first one just wanted to touch on the first quarter guide, 4% to 7%, a little bit wider than historical pattern. Just want to clarify I know you talked about the full year guide, but just given the recent NIH cuts and potential for academic freezing their instrumentation in the near-term, sort of just help us understand how are you baking that in for the U.S. academic side? And how should we think about the 4% versus the 7%, I mean the dynamics that need to play out in the quarter? Already we are in Q1, so I'm sure you've thought about -- before setting the guide as to -- on the lower end versus the higher end if you could elaborate a bit?

Yes. So look, I mean in Q4, we grew 8% constant currency. Keep in mind, Q4 benefited by two extra days, which is roughly 1% extra growth. And then Q1 this year has two less days. So sort of has the reverse dynamic. So net-net where we are guiding at the midpoint, roughly is in line with how we performed in Q4 due to the days impact, right? Now, the guidance range is slightly larger than usual, which as you can appreciate, given all the uncertainties sort of that overhang the situation. And with Q1 being our smallest quarter, we've given ourselves some prudence and cushion in situation where some of these uncertainties were to materialize. And if they do materialize we end up at the lower end of the guidance. If they don't we end up at the higher end of our guidance. And that's on the sales side. And then keep in mind, I mean, dollar strengthened so significantly through the course of Q4. It now creates a 7% earnings headwind in Q1. And so when you grow 4% to 7% and have a 7% FX headwind on earnings, you sort of at EPS that's flat or slightly better than flat and that's where the EPS guide is.

And maybe just to embellish a little bit on EPS in Q1, Puneet. I mean, as I mentioned earlier, I mean this is the time for growth for Waters. We're seeing incredible growth across. Our key customer segments, our sales meetings are back and we want to invest in training our folks. People are very excited about the traction that new products are gaining. They're very excited about the chemistry piece and we're investing in ensuring that our folks are trained, our sales teams are trained. So we're continuing to invest even in Q1, and Q1 is again, as I mentioned, is the smallest quarter. So the sales meetings are back, and we're basically investing for growth starting already in Q1.

Got it. That's helpful. And then if I could double-click on both Europe and India. Europe, if you could just elaborate some of the dynamics there, budget flush pharma versus non-pharma? And then also, specifically on India, Udit, I would love to get your thoughts on 70 bps to 100 bps contribution again strong throughout 2024. How do you -- how are you -- India team and yourself, how are you thinking about the patent cliff opportunity here? And how should we think about that opportunity getting layered into the growth algorithm over the next few years?

Yes. Let me start with India and then, we'll do Europe second. Very pleased with both of those end markets. But looking at India, like I said, India Q4 was 34% constant currency growth and for the year 27%. India is now a meaningful contributor to Waters at over 8% of our total sales. So, really feel good about what the team has been doing on the ground. We are the market share leader in the key generics companies in India and our columns. Our instruments are used there. Alliance iS is also doing well. We have the highest service attachment rate there. So really feel good about what we're doing on the ground from an execution standpoint. Looking ahead, the genericization opportunity is very significant, right? So $240 billion of revenues will go off patent over the next five to seven years. India continues to supply roughly 50% of the global generics market. And over half of that, $240 billion, $250 billion is a small molecule. So that fits right into the current business model that exists, and half of it is biosimilars, which is now developing in many of these markets. So I feel good about the opportunity going forward. And just to give you a case in point semaglutide genericization is expected to hit some time in 2026. And the top generics players are already working with us to adapt and adopt the processes that the key innovators have been using. Amol, you want to start with Europe?

Yes. I mean, look, Europe is executing super well, right, 11% growth. It's across the board. Double-digit growth in Pharma, high single-digit growth in Industrial, double-digit plus growth in A&G, Instruments growing high-single-digit plus. So between how our teams are executing together with the refreshed portfolio together with some of the idiosyncratic growth opportunities like PFAS and GLP-1s, the team is capitalizing really well in what's out there.

Yes. And I mean just to sort of build on that. Europe is -- I mean Europe has been doing extremely well for the full year and finished the year extremely strong. The Academic segment at the end of the year usually sees a significant budget flush and we did. And as I mentioned earlier to Tycho's question, look, I mean 2024 was a typical year for us, right, with a budget flush sort of going back to what we've seen in historic times. So really good finish to the year in Europe and very excited about how the year has started there with good conversations across different customer segments.

Our next question comes from Eve Burstein at Bernstein. Please unmute your line and ask your question.

Great. Good morning. Thanks so much for taking my question. We talked a lot about the replacement cycle and the pent-up opportunity from 2019 to 2024. But at a conference in January, you said that the instrument replacement commercial initiative was progressing well with still 15% of lagged 2015 to 2019 replacement opportunity remaining. So how does that number compare to average versus when you're coming out of a down cycle and starting an up cycle, essentially is that better or worse? And how much of that replacement opportunity is in China specifically?

It's a good question, Eve, and thanks for paying specific attention to those separate drivers. So just to, sort of, clarify for everyone, there are two different instrument growth drivers. One, is the pent-up demand for replacement where there was deferred replacement that took place in the 2023-024 time frame and replacements were deferred from that time frame to a bit later. So that's what we're calling the replacement cycle. That is a standard cycle that occurs in the industry. And during that time, we see a 2% to 3% outperformance in instrument growth rate versus the 5% average over the long-term. So that's what we're calling the replacement cycle. The signs of that are rather clear when you talk to customers, because the meetings that take place are with a larger number of people. They're planning a multiyear replacement. Procurement sits in that discussion. IT sits in that discussion. The lab managers sit in that discussion and a whole bunch of folks from our sites sit in those discussions and those are widespread across the industry right now, and so we're seeing very good traction on that. What you asked about is the 15% that is pending from the transformation that we began in 2020 and 2021. And there you'll recall we had said, look, there are roughly 13,000 instruments that should have been replaced in the 2018 to 2020 time frame that got deferred. And we worked very hard to replace them in 2021 and 2022, but the macro cycle slowed down in 2023 and 2024 and that 15% is still pending. So we have a database in our CRM system and we track this diligently. So people don't forget that that 15% is still pending. So you can superimpose the two. I didn't want us to now go crazy with instrument growth rates I was trying to bring the two together. But in our CRM system, we have that tracked really diligently. So I hope that clarifies the replacement question. On China, we've assumed a low single-digit growth. I mean market conditions have improved over the year, but we've assumed that it's still muted. There is an impact of the stimulus expected in 2025. Again there we've been modest. We've assumed a mid to high single digit million contribution for the year. So we expect China to remain at least in the guide remain the same. And if there's no stimulus and no replacement, we should see more dynamic growth.

That's great. Thanks a lot for clarifying. One clarification just on price. So you said in response to Vijay pricing was closer to 200 bps. Just to clarify was that the contribution for growth in 4Q? And if so, how much does pricing contribute to the 2025 guide? And are you including the effect of a double upgrade in that contribution? And how much is that?

Yeah. So look I mean when we quote pricing it's always like-for-like SKU like-for-like geography. It does not include the benefits of the upsell. 2024 was close to 200 basis points contribution and that's in line with what we have in our 2025 guide.

Our next question is from Brandon Couillard at Wells Fargo. Brandon, please unmute your line and ask your question.

Thank you very much. Udit, I think you talked about instrument growth this year 4%, 4.5%. Just curious how that compares between the LC, mass spec and light scattering? And any details you can give us on what you've assumed in terms of growth across the three end markets?

I think you should assume sort of mid-single digit-ish for all three. So mass spec at 4%, in that 4.5% number LC at 5%, TA at 5% and light scattering somewhere there or thereabouts also. A bit higher than that since, it's accretive probably closer to double digits, but it's such a small portion of the business. It doesn't make a huge difference, at this point. And Brandon, even as we finish – sorry, Brandon, just to clarify even as we finish the year, all instrument segments grew at minimum high single digits. So LC, Mass Spec, TA and Wyatt was well into the double digits.

Got it. And your PFAS market sizing continues to walk up. Now, you're talking about a $400 million opportunity, prior it was kind of $300 million to $350 million. What's enabling you to grow so much faster than the underlying market? Where is that developing most rapidly, either by application or region right now?

Yes. I think it's -- so the market itself has significant unmet needs, right? I mean, we started with the environmental market, then it's expanded into food testing step by step. The Academic customer segment also purchases instruments to quantify and assess PFAS. So, very dynamic market. And you're right, the market size continues to increase as more and more applications come in. We've grown almost double the market growth rate, and it's driven I mean first by having the best-in-class instrument, because PFAS testing remember, is not just one molecule. It's over 40 already classified as PFAS. All of these need to be quantified and the regulators keep increasing the sensitivity requirements. And we have the most sensitive instrument in the market, with the lowest environmental footprint. And that's worked extremely well in the hands of our customers, right? So the number one driver is the success of the Xevo TQ Absolute, and which now is in Q4 was 50% of the revenue of quantitative Mass Spec. So highly successful launch, driven not just by the differentiation, but also the commercial excellence. And equally, our teams are investing a ton of energy in the compliant informatics segment, the waters_connect. Informatics software is doing very well in regulated settings. Remember, our history and legacy is in compliance settings where data integrity is of a premium. So, we've taken what we learned from Empower, adopted it into waters_connect and that's working very well in that -- in the PFAS regulated segment. And then, finally, chemistry and workflows. We continue to launch new chemistry and new workflows to really keep up with the complexity of different PFAS molecules. So, across the board, and the market size is expanding largely, because of application sets. So, we feel very good about where we sit there.

Yeah. Look, I mean that, Mass Spec uptake is not meaningfully impacted by LC replacement. A lot of LC replacement is happening in manufacturing QA/QC, where LC sort of operates largely stand-alone. What is helping Mass Spec meaningfully is various vectors that have come together based on our revitalized portfolio. As Udit mentioned, TQ Absolute is doing exceedingly well not just in PFAS, but across the applications in food and pharma space as well, as well as in clinical. You have something, like BioAccord doing well in bioanalytical characterization. You have some of the newer launches on the higher risk space that are catering to very specific needs and that they are doing exceedingly well on those applications. And that's why you see sort of the kind of growth you're seeing on Mass Spec not driven by LC replacement.

Yeah. So, I mean, just to elaborate on that a little bit. It's the two dimensions, right? So it's the different pieces of Mass Spec that are individually contributing due to innovation. So be it PFAS testing, be it Mass Spec usage in genotoxic impurity testing in pharma, be it Mass Spec testing and this is only Xevo TQ Absolute in clinical. And then, of course, there's the BioAccord, which is doing extremely well and the Xevo MRT, which is our new product that is on the high-risk side. So you see the innovation contributing. And then that has helped on the customer dimension by a strong growing segment like PFAS. It's helped to some extent by late-stage development where Mass Spec is used significantly for quantitative assessment of different types of biologics, right? So you see that two dimensions working very well for Mass Spec, the innovation, as well as the different customer segments and not only due to the LC replacement cycle. As Amol mentioned that's mostly LCUP, link for small molecules.

Our next question is from Matt Sykes at Goldman Sachs. Matt, please un-mute your line and ask your question.

Hi. This is Ivy on for Matt. Thanks for taking my questions. So the first one you've seen impressive growth in services. Can you talk through the benefits of your Empower software? And then, any particular application areas where you see higher attachment rates and then any levers you're using to improve that going forward?

Yeah. I mean, look, no two recurring revenues are equal and our recurring portfolio proves that, right? Because even in this downturn when most other recurring portfolios have been flat or low single digits, we've been rock solid at 6% to 7% growth. And what sort of contributing to that is our unique position with Empower coupled with, how well we've done with service attachment rates where our Net Promoter Scores are on service our launches in bioseparation columns, as well as the progress that we've made on our e-commerce with chemistry consumables. And that's sort of what is driving this rock solid 6% to 7% recurring revenue growth.

Great. And then can you talk through the strength you saw in the Academic and Government section this quarter? And then what your expectations are going into 2025? Any potential impact from NIH risk?

Yeah. I mean look Q4 was very strong from an A&G perspective. It did benefit from the typical budget flush dynamics, particularly in markets like Europe. We also saw some initial orders getting converted on stimulus in China. But again, longer term, this market has traditionally been low single-digit at best mid-single-digit grower, right? And it's very choppy. So you can't really count on this trend. I think as we get into 2025, we will benefit from the stimulus in China. But again, there are so many puts and takes there. So we've put a very prudent assumption in our guide. And if it plays out better that will be an upside. We don't have much direct exposure to NIH funding. Very little actually, less than 1%. So we're not exposed to that dynamic because our primary business is far more in industrial. It's a small portion of our business less -- around 10% and we continue to monitor the dynamics.

Yeah. And just to sort of finish up. I mean for 2025 we've assumed low single-digit growth in A&G, right? So not the dynamism that we saw in Q4. Especially in Pharma, we've not assumed that at all in A&G for the 2025 guide. So it's a low single-digit grower.

Our next question is from Dan Brennan at TD Cowen. Dan, please unmute your line and ask your questions.

Terrific. Thank you. Thanks for the questions, guys. Maybe just the first one on instruments just for the guide. I think you said 4% for 2025? Just confirm that maybe feels a little conservative. And if you could speak to -- you've highlighted this five-year CAGR and this 5% normalization. So where did we end up 2024 and kind of what's implied on 2025, and kind of any reason why kind of the improvement you're expecting in 2025 is that on the normal trend line? Or is it above or below?

So thanks, Dan. Look we've assumed the 4.5% -- the range is 4.5% to 7% for the full year. And just to repeat what I started with the 7%-ish, 6% or 7% you should assume is what we think is the recurring revenue. And you can see why that is a pretty stable and rock solid assumption. Instruments need to grow 4%, 4.5% for us to get to the midpoint of the guide. Now your question is a good one. I mean we finished the year with high single-digit growth in instruments. The funnel is extremely strong and the conversion looks extremely strong, especially led by Pharma where we're seeing very good traction of our Alliance iS instrument to sort of support the replacement cycle we're seeing the idiosyncratic drivers contributing nicely. I think as you look at 2025, the way I would look at it is, we will start to get more constructive as the year goes on. We will start to reveal more information, because at this point we feel very optimistic. We see good funnels. Q1 is the smallest quarter. We just want to get more information before we start sort of saying, hey it's going to be another 8%, 9% a year for instruments. Typically, and you're right again to point out. Typically, when we come out of a trough in instrument replacement, we usually see a 2% to 3% outperformance versus the long-term average which is 5%, right? So going back to the CAGRs, the long-term average is 5%. Usually, when you come out into the replacement cycle, you start seeing a 2% to 3% outperformance. All signs are pointing in that direction. We just want to start the year with a bit of prudence and derisk it as the year goes on. Amol anything to add?

Look whichever way you look at it, area under the curve, CAGRs, average fleet life and even if you exclude China for US and European markets, there is a meaningful catch-up opportunity from each of these analytical viewpoints, right? And we see that in the dialogue with large pharma, the dialogue with CDMOs is starting to improve. The one thing one has to keep in mind is not every part of our customer base is recovering to its healthy state, right? We still have biotechs. We still have biotech research. These things haven't recovered, or China pharma hasn't recovered to a level it needs to. So, the ramp of this replacement cycle will not be as steep as historical. But the length or the duration of this replacement cycle is likely going to be longer just because eventually all these lagging segments of the market have to come back and replace their aging instrument fleet.

Great. And then I know there was one question on India, but maybe just one follow-up since it is so strong for you right now. I think, I heard you say over 25% growth in '24 or 100 basis points contribution...

Did we lose, Dan?

Dan, we lost you.

Let's proceed to our next question, please.

Sure thing. Our next and final question is from Catherine Schulte at Baird. Please unmute your line and ask your question, Catherine. Thank you.

Hi, guys. Thanks for the questions. Maybe just first on Pharma great to see that return to double-digit growth this quarter. Maybe just to go back to Tycho's questions, is there a way to quantify the stronger budget flush dynamic in the quarter? And what are you assuming for Pharma growth both for the first quarter and the full year?

Yes. So, Catherine, for the -- for Q4, I mean, it was as I said, it's very strong growth. We're very happy with it. It really supports our late-stage focus. But as you look at Q4 the ramp was typical to pre-pandemic years, right? So, high teens almost 20% from Q3 to Q4. So normal budget flush dynamic, not more not less, right, so it's stronger than what we saw last year and the year before. But starting to trend towards a normal -- to a normal level, which is constant with how pharma -- late-stage pharma is behaving QA/QC spending. So we start to see a normalization of behavior there.

And then maybe just on the services side, you mentioned over 50% of your active installed base now has a service contract in place. I believe your target is to get back to 55%. So can you just talk to where you think that can go throughout the year?

Yes. Look, I mean, we are very happy with the progress that we've made. And every year we start with the goal, and we end up achieving double that goal in the year. And keep in mind, this is just based on instrument installed base out there. It doesn't include the first year instruments that are in warranty. So when you add that almost 60% of our installed base is either under warranty or under a service plan. 55% is a good goal to go with. And we are starting to make progress in the last remaining areas like China. And then again a lot of the focus and pivots, our service organization into the next big thing, which is sort of how do we get service lead gen, and we've made tremendous progress in markets like U.S. and India where the attachment rate is very high and these organizations have already pivoted to their next biggest goal, which is lead gen and revenue conversion.