PINS - NYSE

My name is Matt, and I'll be the moderator for today's call. [Operator Instructions] I'd now like to pass the conference over to our host, Andrew Somberg, Vice President of Investor Relations and Treasury. Andrew, please go ahead. .

Good afternoon, and thank you for joining us. Welcome to Pinterest's earnings call for the second quarter ended June 30, 2025. My name is Andrew Somberg, and I'm Vice President of Investor Relations and Treasury for Pinterest. Joining me on today's call are Bill Ready, Pinterest CEO; and Julia Donnelly, our CFO. This conference call is being webcast, so we are also providing a slide presentation to accompany our commentary. Please refer to our Investor Relations website at investor.pinterest.com to find today's presentation webcast and earnings press release. Some of the statements that we make today regarding our performance, operations and outlook, may be considered forward-looking, and such statements involve a number of assumptions, risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially. In addition, our results, trends and outlook for Q3, 2025 and beyond are preliminary and are not an assurance of future performance. We are making these forward-looking statements based on information available to us as of today. And we expressly disclaim any duty or obligation to update them later unless required by law. For more information about assumptions, risks, uncertainties and other factors that could affect our results, please refer to our most recent Form 10-Q and Form 10-K, each filed with the SEC and available on our Investor Relations website. During this call, we will present both GAAP and non-GAAP financial measures. A reconciliation of non-GAAP measures to the most directly comparable GAAP measures is included in today's earnings press release and presentation, which are distributed and available to the public through our Investor Relations website. Lastly, all growth rates discussed in today's prepared remarks should be considered year-over-year unless otherwise specified. And now I'll turn the call over to Bill.

Thanks, Andrew. Good afternoon, and thank you for joining our second quarter 2025 earnings call. Over the past 3 years, we have made meaningful progress in transforming our product and business to take advantage of the full potential of interest. This means seamlessly enabling our users to have dynamic multi-session journeys to take them from inspiration to action, while allowing advertisers to connect with the user across the funnel and ultimately drive performance outcomes. In order to do this, we're leveraging AI tuned on our unique curation signals to deliver increasingly relevant and personalized content. This drives further curation behavior, which provides us with even greater first-party signal for ever-improving actionability across our app, all while distinguishing ourselves as a place for positivity and belonging. As a result, Pinterest is resonating with our users more than ever before, and we have found our strongest ever product market fit. It's abundantly clear that Pinterest is an AI winner. We've never been more popular or valued by our users and more performant for our advertisers. Our Q2 results clearly showcased that our increased product velocity, combined with our consistent execution against our multiple ways to win is leading to durable growth. We ended the quarter with 578 million MAUs and a 11% increase year-over- year, marking yet another quarter of record high users. At the same time, we generated Q2 revenue of $998 million, up 17% year-over-year as we continue to be a vital partner for advertisers across a range of verticals seeking to reach our lean to end users. Our consistent performance and ability to take market share demonstrate the effectiveness of our long-term strategy and laser focus on delivering value for our users and advertisers. Pinterest has been at the forefront of visual search and has helped create an entirely new way in which users discover, explore their taste and ultimately shop. As we have significantly improved the relevance and personalization of our content using AI, we've become a destination for our users to explore their expansive set of commercial journeys. As I've shared before, 100% of our reported monthly active users are logged in and approximately 85% come to our mobile app directly. They are coming for new types of purely visual search experiences, particularly in moments where a user may not have the words to precisely describe what they're looking for or will know it when they see it. The visual nature of our platform is particularly attractive to Gen

Thanks, Bill, and good afternoon, everyone. Today, I'll be discussing our second quarter 2025 financial results and provide an update on our preliminary third quarter 2025 outlook. All financial metrics, except for revenue will be discussed in non-GAAP terms unless otherwise specified, and all comparisons will be discussed on a year-over-year basis unless otherwise noted. As evidenced by our results this quarter, we're continuing to execute on our multiple ways to win, which are growing users, deepening engagement while simultaneously increasing ad load with relevant ads as content, driving performance for advertisers with lower funnel product innovations and complementing our first-party business with new sources of demand. In doing so, we're taking share in a competitive but growing end market by building a strong business with sustainable revenue growth, profitability and free cash flow generation. We're seeing record high users driven by our efforts to improve the relevance and personalization of the content we show our users through incorporating AI deeply throughout our product. At the same time, we're also seeing continued revenue growth from our efforts to drive greater performance through AI-driven ad stack improvements in automation, along with deeper actionability through our lower funnel ad formats. The compounding effects of these initiatives, combined with our consistent execution, has resulted in a more resilient business than ever before, and there's certainly more to go as we continue to execute on our strategy. Now let's move to our second quarter results. We ended the quarter with 578 million global monthly active users, or MAUs, growing 11% with another quarter of record high users. We continue to demonstrate user growth across all of our geographic regions. In Q2, our U.S. and Canada region had 102 million MAUs, growing 5%. Our Europe region had 146 million MAUs, growing 7%. And in the Rest of World markets, we had 329 million MAUs growing 14%. Shifting to revenue. In Q2, our global revenue was $998 million, up 17% on a reported and constant currency basis. We saw strength across our conversion and awareness objectives. From a vertical perspective, we continue to see strength across our retail vertical as well as in financial services. Turning to our geographical breakouts for Q2. In the U.S. and Canada, we generated $745 million in revenue, growing 11%. Strength came from retail and financial services. In Europe, revenue was $191 million, growing 34% on a reported basis or 29% on a constant currency basis. Strength in Europe was driven by retail. Revenue from Rest of World was $63 million growing 65% on a reported basis or 72% on a constant currency basis. In Q2, ad impressions grew 55%. As a reminder, the number of ad impressions on our platform is a factor of both the number of total impressions on our platform, whether paid or organic as well as the percentage of those impressions that represent ads or ad load. This quarter marked the 12th consecutive quarter since the middle of 2022 with our ad impressions growth being driven synergistically by both total impressions and ad load. At the same time, ad pricing in Q2 declined 25% year-over-year. The primary driver of the sequential acceleration in ad impressions and corresponding decline in ad pricing continues to be the growing mix shift from ad impressions in previously unmonetized or undermonetized international markets. which carry lower ad pricing than our more mature markets. Moving to expenses. In Q2, cost of revenue was $197 million, up 10% year-over-year and up 2% versus Q1 due to increased infrastructure spend related to users and engagement growth. Our non-GAAP operating expense was $555 million, up 14%. The increase was due to increases in sales and marketing and R&D as we continue to invest in teams across AI and other product initiatives as well as enterprise sales and support. Our revenue outperformance combined with ongoing cost discipline, led to another strong quarter of adjusted EBITDA coming in at $251 million. This resulted in an adjusted EBITDA margin of 25%, an increase of approximately 310 basis points versus Q2 last year, which exceeded our expectations and was driven by the incremental flow-through from the revenue outperformance. We also delivered Q2 free cash flow of $197 million. We ended the quarter with cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities of $2.7 billion. In Q2, we allocated $106 million toward net share settlement of equity awards, and $53 million towards share repurchases as part of our ongoing efforts to mitigate dilution. These dilution mitigation efforts have driven a 1% decline in year-over- year fully diluted share count versus Q2 2024, which compares favorably to our stated positive 2% to 3% average annual target. Now we'll discuss our preliminary guidance for the third quarter. We expect Q3 revenue to be in the range of [$1,033 billion to $1,053 billion], representing 15% to 17% growth year-over-year. Our guidance assumes the impact of foreign exchange to be approximately 1 point of tailwind based on current spot rates. Moving down the P&L. We expect Q3 2025 adjusted EBITDA and to be in the range of $282 million to $302 million. We anticipate Q3 2025 year-over-year leverage on non-GAAP cost of revenue to be approximately half of what we delivered in Q2 2025. Within Q3, non-GAAP operating expense, our primary area of investment will continue to be head count growth within R&D to support our efforts in AI and other product initiatives as well as our global enterprise sales team. Looking ahead, we expect to deliver adjusted EBITDA margin expansion in the second half of 2025, though the level of expansion will be lower than the more elevated expansion we delivered in the first half of 2025 as we continue to invest in revenue-driving initiatives. In closing, I'm proud of our team for yet another strong quarter of results as we execute against our strategic plans. We are delivering for our users and advertisers while our multiple ways to win are driving durable revenue growth. With that, I'll hand it over to Bill for some final words.

Thanks, Julia. I want to thank our teams at Pinterest, our advertising partners and all the people that come to Pinterest to find inspiration and take action. And with that, we can open the call up for questions.

[Operator Instructions] First question is from the line of Ron Josey with Citigroup.

Bill, I wanted to ask a little bit more on just overall usage trends with Gen

Thanks, Ron. Yes, as you noted, user growth overall has been a real bright spot for us. And we're growing across all geographies and generations that we track. And we're increasingly relevant with the next generation, particularly with Gen

Next question is from the line of Eric Sheridan with Goldman Sachs.

Bill, there's been a lot of volatility year-to-date in the broader macro environment. How would you characterize the current demand state for digital ads broadly? And how are you thinking about the potential for volatility in either direction or nuance around budgets as we progress deeper into the year?

Thanks, Eric. Just broadly speaking I'd say, you look at our over delivery on revenue in Q2, we saw a bit more constructive environment than what we had expected and many others expected at the time of our last call. But I'll turn it over to Julia to give some more insights and thoughts as to how we're seeing that going forward.

Yes. Thanks, Eric. So I guess for Q2, we saw areas that have been strong for several quarters now for us, such as retail and financial services, continue to be sources of strength. And as Bill alluded to in his prepared remarks, we're also seeing continued gains through our investments in AI, which are driving user and engagement growth as well as compounding benefits from improvements to our ad tech stack as evidenced by outbound click growth and efficiency improvements for advertisers. So while the tariff impact was certainly smaller than we anticipated in Q2, we did still see some impact affecting our UCAN region. For example, Asia-based e-commerce retailers pulled back spend in the U.S. tied to the change in the de minimis exemption. But partially offsetting this headwind, we also continue to see really exciting ongoing geographic diversification from some of these and other retailers to our European and Rest of World regions. So outside of UCAN and in our international markets, we saw a nice acceleration in Q2 both on a reported and constant currency basis in Europe and Rest of World. Europe, this was really driven by strength in retail as we continue to expand our lower funnel and shopping playbooks to those markets. While in our Rest of World region, we saw strength coming from our own first-party sales force plus contribution from resellers as they continue to ramp which is consistent with our kind of multi-pronged strategy to accelerate monetization in this region. So overall, a very strong Q2, and we see that continuing into Q3. You asked a little bit about sort of ad environment again, I'd say, as we talk to advertisers about Q3, we do hear that some of that tariff-related and broader market uncertainty has continued into how they're thinking about spend for Q3, though this varies by advertiser and again, it's definitely a relatively more constructive environment than feared. So we're trying to provide an outlook for Q3 that is responsive to that overall environment and we'll have to see how the broader market backdrop plays out. Stepping back, though, we're guiding to a revenue range that is similar to the 17% growth we just delivered in Q2. So we think the consistency of our revenue growth year-to-date really highlights the resilience of our business and more importantly, the durability of our many revenue growth drivers as we're continuing to execute on our strategy.

Next question is from the line of Doug Anmuth with JPMorgan.

Bill, I wanted to ask about Performance+ adoption. You rolled out ROAS bidding in GA in March and then also gave advertisers' ability to bring in audience data in 2Q. Can you just talk about how those initiatives are trending so far? And then what else may be in the pipeline or Performance+?

Thanks, Doug. We're really pleased with what we're seeing on the rollout of Performance+. So we've seen notable early adoption from mid-market advertisers. Since the end of last year, the percentage of lower funnel revenue flowing through Pinterest Performance+ campaigns has more than doubled. And so we've consistently talked about how we see that as a multi-quarter, multiyear cycle. But we feel really good about the adoption and the performance there, and we're continuing to bring best offerings for bidding, targeting, budgeting and creative to advertisers. As you noted, we launched ROAS bidding in Q1, in Q2 we launched the P+ creative previews and campaign customer groups. And so our goal of Performance+ was to expand our reach beyond the largest retailers, and we're seeing to do exactly that, that Performance+ gives advertisers their preferred level of control, and it's also getting us more into that mid-market, more into some of the -- that $1 billion to $30 billion segment. And even as we go a little bit further in the small business, we're seeing some early signs there because Pinterest Performance+ is making it much easier for advertisers to come on the platform. I spoke before about how it's cutting campaign creation time in half, and they're seeing a lower cost per action. So we continue to see all those things playing out nicely. And again, driving what we think will be a multi-quarter, multiyear adoption cycle, and not just the existing features, but as we continue to round out the feature set there.

Next question is from the line of Justin Patterson with KeyCorp.

Great. Bill, there's been a lot of talk about just how agentic AI is changing the search funnel. I'd love to hear you expand around just some of the investments you're making to really succeed in this new era? And how long you think it will be before you see some benefits there?

Yes. Thanks, Justin. First, I'd say that as we've entered sort of this Cambrian moment of a lot of new AI-driven experiences and people thinking about searching in new ways. Pinterest is an AI winner in that. Through that moment, Pinterest is more popular than ever as we're driving record highs in users, winning with the next generation, deepening engagement per user, and at the core of that is that we've really made AI essential to everything that we're doing. While we don't talk about it this way, Pinterest has effectively become an AI-enabled shopping assistant. And we don't talk about it that way because it's not how our users think of it. But when users say things like Pinterest just gets me, it's because they can open the app and the app is going to make recommendations to them proactively on things that they're really interested in, that align with their taste and their style, the way that a really great personal shopping assistant would, and we think there's a lot more to go on that, and then we think we have something really unique around our curation signal that doesn't just let us understand the taste for that user individually. But when they curate and associate products, it just gives us a completely unique signal for us to show the next user that may start with just a very small signal of even just 1 of those products that we can then recommend what else might go with that And not just the obvious things like you bought your first ever bag of dog food and so here's the dog collar, those are pretty obvious. But things that will say, well, if you're into this kind of beauty product you might be into these kind of sort of yoga apparel or those kinds of things and really unique associations that are going to resonate with that user. And to your question on agentic I think this notion of an agent just going and buying all the things for you without you doing anything, I think that's going to be a very, very long cycle for that to play out, both in terms of how the users think about it, where the users are going to be ready to just let something go run off and do everything for them, save for maybe some very utilitarian journeys. . But if we look at what's happening on our platform already, we're able to take the user much further down that shopping journey, assisting them, as I mentioned, with the relevancy of our recommendations that's effectively taking the user much further down the shopping journey without them having to do the work. And so we see really great early signs of that. And we think is a lot more that we're going to be able to do there that we will focus on in a very user-centric way that meets the user where they are. But with AI and LOMs and agentic capabilities deeply embedded in the way that we're doing that. So again, through all of that, as we're going through this Cambria moment, Pinterest is more popular than ever. And it's because, again, we've made Pinterest into an AI winner and really made the core competency both based on what we're able to do through our engineering, but importantly, the completely unique curation signal that we have on our platform. I hope that's helpful.

Next question is from the line of Mark Shmulik with Societe Generale Group.

Julia, we've seen strong acceleration in kind of the international business the last few quarters. Can you perhaps help us dimensionalize kind of what's driving that strength between just overall stronger market dynamics? And what Pinterest is doing to perhaps close the monetization gap there? . And then, Bill, just a follow-up on kind of the search question from earlier. I appreciate the color on the traction with visual search. I think the last data point we have on search query volume was from the Analyst Day, but is that reasonable to assume that search volume is kind of growing alongside this changing user mix with more Gen

Great. Thanks, Mark. I'll take your first 1 on international. So we still think that international is a huge opportunity for us in the medium to long term. In Q2, as you noted, we're pleased with the acceleration we're seeing in our international regions. And we're starting to see that over the last couple of quarters, we are beginning to narrow the gap between UCAN and international ARPU. There's obviously a lot more room to go to further narrow that gap over a multiyear period. But we think the early proof points in Europe with retail in particular, demonstrate that the success we've seen with lower funnel and performance ad budgets in UCAN can translate well to large markets abroad with the right focus and execution. As a reminder, the monetization and go-to-market approach does vary country by country internationally. So in Western Europe, it's primarily our first-party sales team, whereas when you get to longer tail international markets, which tend to be in the Rest of World region, as we report them, it's really a mix of our first-party sales force, reseller partners, which we've been continuing to ramp and then third-party ad demand through our Google partnership as well. So these markets are overall sort of lower TAM and have ad impressions with lower eCPM in general. And so you're starting to see that affect our overall pricing trends. However, they're really clearly net revenue accretive. And you can see that in the accelerating growth rates really for the past several quarters, in particular, this quarter. So it represents a large opportunity for us going forward as we start to break into and grow more meaningful share in these markets.

Yes. And on your second part of your question, Mark, around visual search and search volume. A couple of things that we've commented on. First, as you look at us hitting record levels of users, we continue to see the general trend of DP engagement per user. And as I've commented on past calls, Also, it continues to be the case that at the core of that DPA engagement per user is actionability, which is intent-driven experiences. And those intent-driven experiences tend to be search type experiences. A general way to think about it, that we've talked about before is that our platform in terms of the user interaction is approximately 1/3 home feed and then 2/3 search and related that 2/3 search related is sort of more purely visual form of search. And even the home feed, increasingly, we see as a continuation of search journey. So it really is the case that the entire platform has become a new way that people think about searching in a way where it is more proactive, it is more contiguous across sessions, it is more personalized. It is more visual. And again, that deep engagement per user, the residents with Gen

Next question is from the line of Ross Sandler with Barclays.

Great. Julia, could you talk about your investment priorities for the second half of this year, the pace of margin improvement is still up, but it's coming down a bit, as you noted. So how should we think about that? . And then, Bill, could you just elaborate a little bit on this new Instacart partnership? It sounds like you're integrating some of their shopping data to make CPG ads more targeted on Pinterest. Can you just kind of double click into that? And was there an off Pinterest component involved as well?

Great. So Ross, thank you for the question. I'll take the first 1 on margins. I would say in Q2, we had exceptionally strong revenue performance, so the flow-through of that led to outsized adjusted EBITDA margin expansion. And then for the second half, we talked about in the prepared remarks that we're expecting adjusted EBITDA margin expansion, again, but just at a lower level than the elevated expansion than in the first half. But maybe just to give a little bit more color on sort of the areas that we're investing in and how we're seeing that play out. So where you're starting to see the pacing of investments showing up in our expense line. So our planned investments in R&D are targeted at high-value areas that enhance our products, both for users and advertisers. As we look back over the last 18 months, it's just incredibly clear that we've seen really nice near-term returns from where we focus these investments, particularly within AI to improve relevance and personalization like Bill was talking about a little bit earlier, leveraging our unique first-party signal and technology through LLM, to strengthen our search recommendation algorithms and creating new visual experiences like visual search through our proprietary multimodal model. So as we've rounded out the ad tech stack, we're also seeing early revenue momentum in Europe and Rest of World. Also in kind of these emerging verticals like financial services that we've continued to call out for the last few quarters here and across the lower funnel. So as a result, we want to invest in our sales capacity to further lean into that growth that we're starting to see and the larger opportunity that we have ahead of us there. So to that end, after a period of more aggressive margin expansion in 2024, since the start of this year, we've added new sales leaders who are continuing to elevate their teams and add new talent, particularly in our UCAN and Europe enterprise sales teams, alongside this also investing in the growth of our sales enablement and support teams, bringing in more technical sales. talent to support our increased focus on lower funnel and performance-based campaigns. So tying that all together as a result, we still expect margin expansion in full year 2025, though at a more modest level than the outsized amount we delivered in 2024. And this is all kind of generally consistent with our prior margin outlook commentary provided on previous earnings calls as well.

And on the second part of your question, Ross, around the Instacart partnership, we're quite excited about that. As I've consistently talked about, actionability and bringing actionability into the platform has been really core to the revitalization of Pinterest over the last 3 years. And we started with core retail and shopping categories. But food and beverage has been one of those categories that is endemic to our platform, but where actionability was still relatively low. And partnership with Instacart will allow to do things like as people are looking at, say, a recipe on the platform immediately go order the ingredients for that recipe to have it delivered to their door. And the way that will work, consistent with what we've done in retail is seamless hand-offs to the place that you're buying. You've seen us with mobile deep linking and those kinds of things make it so that as you find the product that you want, we create a really seamless handoff to the place to go buy it, and we're taking that over to the place for you to go buy those things. So as I mentioned, we'll have multiple of these ways that we'll continue to bring actionability in the platform and consistent with what we've done with direct links, mobile deep linking, we'll consistently look for ways that we create really seamless handoffs into the places to go buy those things. Sometimes that will be in our app or a really seamless handoff into the retailer to buy from. But again, quite excited to bring that actionability into food and beverage, which is a large endemic category for us.

Next question is from the line of Brian Nowak with Morgan Stanley.

I wanted to ask one about sort of forward advertising growth. I mean, you guys have made a lot of improvements to the platform, and you talked a lot about compounding gains over the last 9 months or so using GPN machine learning. When other platforms have done that, we've sort of seen a big step in growth and acceleration. Is that an incorrect analog to be sort of applying to Pinterest. As you sort of look at the ad revenue that you're delivering, are there -- is there a constraint to how much the business can accelerate that perhaps we externally don't understand? I just trying to think about the path on forward revenue growth in the back half and into next year?

Yes. Thanks for the question, Brian. I think I've been very, very consistent on this, is saying that think of these things as long-term compounding initiatives and I don't know how many more ways I can say no hockey stick, no step function because these things, as we're building the performance ad platform, these all have compounding benefit. And so we're pretty consistently delivering above the rate of the market growth overall. And we feel really good about that. We've really turned the platform into a performance advertising platform over the last few years and have increasingly broken into those always on performance budgets, really taking share, growing above the rate of the market overall. And we have continued to consistently deliver on that very much in line with the expectations we said at our Investor Day, delivering above the high end of our guidance range. So we feel really good about the way that we're delivering there. And we don't see any structural limitation to that. We're a small player in the market, but we're a small player in the market that's growing faster than the market and increasingly relevant in more use cases with more advertisers as we work our way from the largest advertisers down to sort of the mid-market on down. And I think there's a lot of room for growth ahead and those things I talked about Pinterest Performance+, that's really starting to pick up resonance with that mid-market group as we go into a new range of advertisers that we hadn't been as available to previously, we're seeing that pick up nicely. You're seeing the international pick up nicely. So those are all the levers of growth that we laid out and there are multiple ways to win back at our Investor Day and we're executing on those and delivering in the ranges that we've talked about consistently on how we would do that. We've also been very consistent that we don't see those as step functions, but instead of like long-term compounding benefits of a true performance ad platform. Hopefully, that's helpful.

Next question is from the line of Anthony Post with Bank of America.

Great. A couple of things. Definitely, the functionality of the site is improving. Do you see -- and you mentioned men in your prepared remarks, but are you seeing more men get on the site? And could there be further breakthroughs there to really expand the audience over time, how you're thinking about that? And then I guess some other sites had a real big acceleration intra-quarter. But you mentioned less variability, but more durability. Could you maybe explain why your auctions could be a little different than other sites out there and why you could be more durable over time?

Thanks, Justin. So to your point on broadening use cases, that is absolutely what we see happening on the platform. So we've talked about winning the next generation with Gen

Yes. And then I think to get at your second question, Justin, obviously, we don't comment on sort of monthly trends. But I think what you're seeing from us in Q2 and what I would expect in Q3 as well, is that we're a really vital partner for many of our advertisers, particularly as we break into their more performance-oriented budgets. You're seeing that they continue to really value the full funnel, very unique full funnel offering that we have and the sort of leaned in high commercial intent users that we have who are actively participating in our site. And so I think we're a great partner to those advertisers in retail during these moments and we're seeing really nice penetration gains as well in some of these emerging verticals that we've talked about here for the last quarters. We're seeing some nice tailwind also in the mid-market segment due to some of the early adoption in Performance+, although still multiyear cycle there ahead of us. So that's a little bit more color on that, but I think that's all we're going to comment on there.

Next question is from the line of all of Sebastian with Baird.

Bill, the new visual search tool works really well from what we can tell. And I guess I'd be curious how you envision that functionality ultimately contributing to broader user engagement and monetization, how this helps position you against some of the other visual surfaces that we see cropping up on other AI-oriented apps. And Julia, I guess, curious what you've seen in Q2 in terms of MAUs that reflects seasonality in North America and Europe and how that might track into Q3. Thank you.

Thanks, Colin. On the visual search part, I think the thing that I'd say there is the uniqueness of our platform and the curation signal that we have that lets us make proactive recommendations. So even before you go search, we're giving you recommendations for things that are highly likely to be interesting to you in a much more targeted way than what you would typically find on entertainment- based platforms and those kinds of things because there is intent expressed on our platform, and that allows us to go -- make those proactive recommendations. I talked about on our new multimodal model for visual search that, that is outperforming off-the-shelf models by 34 percentage points on the relevancy of the recommendations to our users, and that is really getting at the uniqueness of that curation signals and the product associations that happen on our platform that let us make those really, really great recommendations. So again, I think that's a place where you're seeing our users vote directly by coming to us more and more with these very actionable journeys, this -- driving clicks and conversions for advertisers, but deep engagement with the user on our platform, as I mentioned in my prepared remarks, driving greater retention with those users because we're really pleased with the experience they're getting, but at the core of that is that unique curation signal and then what we're able to do with AI trained against that, that is outperforming off- the-shelf models, like I said, by 34 percentage points on the relevancy of those recommendations based on our unique Corpus, That, I think, is a real, real differentiator. And for context, if you had outperformed on those off-the-shelf models by 30 basis points, that would be something to be really proud of, 30 percentage points, just really gets to how unique our curation signal is.

And then, Colin, to your second question on MAUs and sort of seasonality. We don't guide to MAUs. But in Q2, you're seeing consistent kind of growth and actually accelerating growth across many of the regions and that we're reporting in MAU basis. We do see seasonality sort of every year, particularly in Europe. . Just as a reminder, MAUs are reported on a 30-day look back from the last day of the quarter. So you do tend to see sort of summer vacations show up in Europe. But on a year-over-year basis, we actually accelerated user growth across all regions in Q2. And really happy with what we're seeing there, not just on the user kind of growth side but also on sort of the various engagement metrics that we're tracking per user, it's really been a bright spot for us as we've been able to drive relevance and personalization through the use of more and more AI as we were talking about earlier on the call, but also better able to kind of reengage marginally engaged users. So I think in the prepared remarks, we talked about how in UCAN, as we've been able to drive more and more actionability specifically in UCAN and more farthest along there that we're able to kind of better retain users over time but also better monetize those users over time. So hopefully, that gives you a little bit more color there.

The final question is from the line of John Blackledge with TD Securities.

Great. With AI driving so many parts of the business, just curious how PINS is competing for talent, particularly AI talent, given the increasingly competitive market for the AI talent?

Yes. Thanks for the question, John. What I would say is that, I think there's multiple factors involved in how you compete with talent. Money and mission are 2 of those. I think also having a really great sandbox for great engineers to experiment is another. And as you are noting, there's definitely competition for talent. . The good news is that we're able to align what we're doing with AI to really, really great monetizable use cases that generate returns for us. And so we're competing for talent in that regard, not at the most headline grabbing numbers that you would see out there. But those are truly rare instances. But for more of the folks that are sort of building day-to-day, we're definitely competing and are able to because of the ROI that we're delivering on our use cases, but that's on the money side of it. The other really big part of that equation is money and mission. On the mission side, I think we really, really punch above our weight. Both in terms of what we're doing with tuning AI for positivity, creating a more positive alternative to what's happening in the rest of social media. I think there's a lot of people that really want to build for that. I think there's sort of 2 competing sort of points of view around this where you have some folks that are willing to sort of throw caution to the wind and do things at all costs. And I think there's others that really, really deeply care about making sure that AI is used for good and AI is used responsibly. And we're not the only ones that are building in that regard but I think for us and for others that are really competing on this dimension of AI for good and responsible AI, you're seeing that mission part of the equation really matters to many of the best engineers out there. And then also engineers are always attracted to a great sandbox. And when you think about what we have with nearly 600 million monthly active users on our platform that are engaging in a totally unique visual search experience, there are just very few sandboxes out there that can bring that to the equation. There are some that are bigger. But we are -- there are very few platforms that ever get above 0.5 billion users, particularly with the unique visual journey, the unique search journey and the unique curation signal that we have that's totally unique to us. Well, that makes it a pretty unique sandbox, and we see that really helping us punch above our weight.

Thank you for your question. I would now like to hand the call back over to Bill Ready, CEO, for closing remarks.

Thanks again to all of you for joining the call and for your questions. We look forward to keeping this dialogue going, and we hope you enjoy the rest of your day.