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Good morning everyone and welcome to the Kaltura Fourth Quarter and Full Year 2024 Conference Call. All material contained in the webcast is the sole property and copyright of Kaltura with all rights reserved. For opening remarks and introductions, I will now turn the call over to Erica Mannion of Sapphire Investor Relations. Please go ahead, Erica.

Thank you, operator and good morning. I’m joined by Ron Yekutiel, Kaltura’s Co-Founder, Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer; and John Doherty, Chief Financial Officer. Ron will begin with a summary of the results for the fourth quarter ended December 31, 2024, and the company's plans and expected trends for 2025. John will then review details of the financial results for the fourth quarter and full year 2024, followed by the company's outlook for the first quarter and full year of 2025. We will then open the call for questions. Please note that this call will include forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Federal Securities laws, including but not limited to statements regarding Kaltura’s expected future financial results and management’s expectations and plans for the business. These statements are neither promises nor guarantees and involve risks and uncertainties that may cause actual results to differ materially from those discussed here. Important factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from forward-looking statements can be found in the risk factor section of Kaltura’s quarterly report on Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended September 30, 2024, and other SEC filings, including the annual report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2024, to be filed with the SEC. Any forward-looking statements made during this conference call, including responses to your questions, are based on current expectations as of today and Kaltura assumes no obligation to update or revise them, whether as a result of new developments or otherwise, except as required by law. Please note we will be discussing a non-GAAP financial measure, adjusted EBITDA, and adjusted EBITDA margin during this call. For a reconciliation of adjusted EBITDA to the most directly comparable GAAP metric, please refer to our earnings release, which is available on our website at www.investors.kaltura.com. Now, I’d like to turn the call over to Ron.

Thank you, Erica and thanks everyone for joining us on the call this morning. Today, we reported record total revenue of $45.6 million for the fourth quarter, up 3% year-over-year and record subscription revenue for the quarter of $43.4 million, up 6% year-over-year. We also achieved record ARR for the third consecutive quarter as well as record RPO for the second consecutive quarter. In short, all top line related KPIs were at record high levels. As for our bottom-line, in the fourth quarter adjusted EBITDA was $2.7 million, representing our sixth consecutive quarter of adjusted EBITDA profitability and the highest quarterly results over the past four years. This was fueled in part by a record gross margin. Cash flow from operations was $4.3 million. For the year, we reported subscription revenue, total revenue, adjusted EBITDA, and cash flow from operations all above the guidance and forecast we provided. We are pleased with the progress we have made towards our goal to return to profitable growth, including accelerating year-over-year growth rates in the second half of 2024. We have delivered on our goal of returning to adjusted EBITDA and cash flow from operations profitability in 2024, posting year-over-year improvements in these metrics of $9.8 million and $20.5 million respectively. We're looking forward to expanding these profitability metrics in 2025 and beyond. Moving on to the business update. New subscription bookings in the fourth quarter were at the highest level since the fourth quarter of 2022. Over the last three quarters, this metric has been growing as we expected both sequentially and at increasing year-over-year rates. In the fourth quarter, it included four seven-digit deals and 29 six-digit deals, the highest combined number of six and seven-digit deals since the third quarter of 2022. The portion of new subscription bookings that came from new customers also grew both sequentially and year-over-year in the fourth quarter, including a seven-digit deal with a leading global healthcare insurance company who licensed all of our enterprise products to part their digital campus training and certification programs and a seven-digit deal with a European government entity that will be providing our suite of education products to over 35 universities. Most of our new subscription bookings came again from upselling to our existing customers, where we provided licenses for increased usage, additional users, additional solutions, and additional use cases. Upsells included a seven-digit upsell deal with a major U. S. Bank, a seven-digit European telco deal, and several six-digit deals with leading organizations across a wide array of industries, including technology, banking, pharma, healthcare, education, government, automotive, media and telecom. Customers that we can name that have closed new deals with us this quarter include Adobe, HealthStream, Red Hat, Berlitz, and Connecticut State Colleges and Universities. Growing user adoption, usage and consolidating around Kaltura to power multiple products and use cases contributed in the fourth quarter to the continued growth of our average subscription revenue per customer, which reached once again a record high level. As we wrap-up 2024, we're encouraged not just from our recent booking momentum, but also by the size and nature of our sales pipeline, which grew throughout the past year. We believe will support continued year-over-year new bookings growth in 2025. In addition to growth in new bookings, growth retention in the fourth quarter continued to improve year-over-year, enabling us to obtain our best full year growth retention rates of the past four years. The combination of increased new subscription bookings and improved gross retention rate in the fourth quarter has yielded for the first time since 2021, a third consecutive quarter with a year-over-year increase in net new subscription bookings, which have been helping us fuel our year-over-year subscription revenue growth. Net dollar retention in the fourth quarter continued to improve from our increased gross retention and upsell bookings, reaching 103% in the fourth quarter and closing the year at 100%. Moving on to the product front. Let's begin with our growing investment in AI. Kaltura's AI infused video experience strategy is centered on integrating AI across every stage of the video lifecycle, including content creation, discovery, distribution, engagement, and analytics to deliver fully personalized data-driven experiences. In the fourth quarter, we launched beta releases of two new AI infused offerings, Class Genie and Work Genie. Both offerings are designed to support individualized learning journeys for teachers and students in the education sector, as well as for trainers and trainees in the enterprise sector. Recognizing that one size fits all rarely addresses diverse learning needs, Kaltura's Genies tailor content to each individual. It creates hyper personalized content experiences of video snippets, interactive flashcards and quizzes to podcasts, video modules, learning paths and knowledge tests by drawing exclusively on relevant institutional data, helping to precisely meet each learner's unique requirements. Our AI beta program for evaluating our working class Genies saw strong interest from dozens of large organizations, including top universities, global Fortune 500 companies, and leading tech firms who are interested in evaluating these products for both employee and customer experience use cases. We also continued boosting our AI infused Content Lab, which helps organizations repurpose content at scale. New and enhanced features include automated clip creation, automated quizzes, chapters and summaries. Content Lab is now integrated into our VCMS platform and video portal and is serving through them also our virtual events and webinars, virtual classroom, LMS and CMS extensions, TV CMS platform and TV streaming apps, enabling enhanced automation, interactivity and AI powered content recommendation. Regarding our TV content management system and TV streaming apps, we enhanced our AI capabilities to further drive content discovery, engagement, and monetization. Our AI-powered recommendation engine now delivers more personalized user experiences, while AI-based chaptering and metadata tagging improve content accessibility and searchability. We also introduced AI powered dubbing and subtitling, which enabled global reach and reduced translation costs for media providers. In the third quarter, at the International Broadcasting Convention in Amsterdam, our AI-driven advancements received strong industry validation, which subsequently led to starting POCs in the fourth quarter with three global media and telecom companies that were in discussions to potentially onboard an additional five. Kaltura's AI innovations received additional industry recognition with our new Gen AI features for broadcast, streaming, and media earning us a place in the Feed Magazine 2024 Honors List in the Special Recognition in AI category. Additionally, as you may have read in the press release we sent out in December, we published a new industry report called The Marketing Power of Video Based Experiences in AI in 2025, serving 600 senior marketing professionals from companies with over 1,000 employees across the U.S. and Europe. The report confirms the growing impact of video based experiences and the search for AI tools to augment them. Beyond AI, one of our main product investment areas continues to be our virtual events and webinars product, which offers fresh ways to engage large audiences and manage events and digital marketing programs at scale with minimal effort. We launched a green room virtual studio for backstage preparation and a new bulk invite management tool to streamline the handling of participants and added new types of polls and quizzes to enhance interactivity during live sessions. With our video portal, which is used by more than 70% of our E&T customers, we remain focused on helping our customers manage and engage with content at scale. We implemented additional channel moderation tools to give administrators better oversight of user-generated content. We also introduced new chat and collaboration features for real-time interaction right within the portal, promoting deeper engagement and teamwork. We're also continuing to reinforce our position as a leading enterprise video content management platform by integrating more deeply with modern workplace technologies. We enhanced our Microsoft Team integrations, allowing seamless automated uploads of Teams recordings into Kaltura VCMS alongside existing integrations such as

Thanks Ron and hello to everyone on the call today. Kaltura continued its strong and focused execution in the fourth quarter, achieving growth in new subscription bookings, a sustained high gross retention rate, further monetization of our existing customer base, and addition of new customers and continued improvement in operating efficiency and reallocation of resources towards higher ROI opportunities and markets. Touching on a few highlights in the quarter that demonstrate this, new subscription bookings continued to grow both sequentially and year-over-year for the third consecutive quarter and professional services bookings were also up significantly, both sequentially and year-over-year. Gross retention continued to be strong and showed improvement, both sequentially and year-over-year. For the full year, we achieved our best gross retention since 2020. For the ninth consecutive quarter, total revenue grew year-over-year, driven primarily by strength in our subscription revenue, which has grown year-over-year in this and all past quarters. Remaining performance obligations in ARR continue to grow with both metrics at the highest level to-date, as Ron mentioned earlier, and achievement of our profitability targets with gross margin at a record high level, lower year-over-year operating expenses, continued improvement in adjusted EBITDA, representing the sixth consecutive positive quarter and first positive adjusted EBITDA for the full year since 2020 and a record cash from operations year. With that, let me move on to our results. Our results once again exceeded our guidance for both revenue and adjusted EBITDA for the quarter. Total revenue for the quarter ended December 31st, 2024 was $45.6 million, up 3% year-over-year and above the high end of our guidance range of $44 million to $44.7 million. Subscription revenue was $43.4 million, up 6% year-over-year. This is also above the high end of our guidance range of $41.8 million to $42.5 million. Professional services revenue contributed $2.2 million for the quarter and was down 40% year-over-year, consistent with the expected trends we discussed on the second and third quarter earnings calls. The remaining performance obligations were $203.4 million, up 8% sequentially and 10% year-over-year, of which we expect to recognize 58% as revenue over the next 12 months. Consistent with what I mentioned last quarter, the increase in RPO is a result of our increased renewal bookings in the past two quarters as well as improvement in new bookings. Annualized recurring revenue was $173.9 million, up 3% sequentially and 6% year-over-year. This is the highest ARR we have achieved to-date and is reflective of increased subscription revenue in the quarter. Our net dollar retention rate for the quarter was 103%, an improvement from 101% last quarter and 98% in the previous three quarters. It is also consistent with our expectations for improvement in the second half of 2024 that we mentioned in the two previous earnings calls. This result has been driven by improved gross retention in 2024 versus 2023 and the sequential and year-over-year increase in new subscription bookings over the past three quarters. GAAP gross profit for the fourth quarter was $32.3 million, up 9% sequentially and 13% year-over-year. Gross margin was 71%, which is up from 64% in Q4 2023 and subscription gross margin was 77%, which is up from 73% in Q4 2023. Total operating expenses in the quarter were $36.1 million compared to $37.5 million in the fourth quarter of 2023, a reduction of 4% year-over-year. Adjusted EBITDA for the quarter was $2.7 million, an increase of $1.9 million from $0.8 million in the fourth quarter of 2023. This result along with our improving expense and margin profile highlights our continued focus on improving our operating efficiency over time. GAAP net loss in the quarter was $6.6 million or $0.04 per diluted share. This is an improvement of $5.5 million year-over-year. And now for our 2024 fiscal year results. Total revenue for the year ended December 31st, 2024 was $178.7 million, up 2% year-over-year. Subscription revenue was $167.7 million, up 3% year-over-year, while professional services revenue contributed $11 million, down 11% year-over-year. Our net dollar retention rate was 100% in 2024 compared to 101% in 2023. The small year-over-year decline was primarily due to the lagging impact of the lower booking and gross retention level in 2023. As I mentioned in relation to the quarter, we ended 2024 at a higher level than in Q4 2023, which was 98%. GAAP gross profit in 2024 was $119.1 million, representing a gross margin of 67%, up from a 64% gross margin in 2023. Subscription gross margin was 75%, up from 73% in 2023. Adjusted EBITDA in 2024 was $7.3 million, a significant improvement from negative $2.5 million in 2023. GAAP net loss in 2024 was $31.3 million or $0.21 per diluted share. Moving to the balance sheet and cash flow. We ended the fourth quarter with $84.7 million in cash and marketable securities. Net cash provided by operating activities was $4.3 million in the quarter compared to $1.6 million net cash provided by operating activities in Q4 2023. This represents an improvement of $2.7 million. For the full year 2024, net cash provided by operating activities was $12.2 million compared to $8.3 million net cash used in operating activities in 2023. This represents an improvement of $20.5 million for the full year. I would now like to turn to our outlook for the first quarter of 2025 and for the fiscal year ending December 31st, 2025. In the first quarter, we expect subscription revenue to range from an increase of 5% to 7% and to be between $43.4 million and $44.2 million and total revenue to range from an increase of 2% to 4% to be between $45.7 million and $46.5 million. We expect an adjusted EBITDA between $2.5 million and $3.5 million. We are also expecting to continue to post positive cash flow from operations in the quarter. For the full year, we expect subscription revenue to range from an increase of 2% to 3% and to be between $170.4 million and $173.4 million and total revenue to range from an increase of 1% to 2% to be between $179.9 million and $182.9 million. As Ron mentioned earlier, we are being thoughtful with our overall guidance, which also takes into consideration the potential impact from macroeconomic environment as well as potential related FX fluctuation. Regarding our revenue guidance and consistent with historical quarterly trends, we expect second quarter revenue to grow year-over-year, but to decline sequentially. This is due to the typical lower level of bookings in the first quarter and disproportionate recognition of on prem revenue in Q1. This year, we expect to see a more pronounced decline due to higher Q1 on prem revenue and increased M&T churn in the first half of the year, including delayed churn from last year. 2024 was a record gross retention year for M&T and the average expected M&T gross retention level across both 2024 and 2025 remains healthy. As in the past, we expect revenue growth to reaccelerate in the second half of the year. We expect an adjusted EBITDA between $12.7 million and $14.7 million. This would effectively result in a doubling of our adjusted EBITDA margin from 2024. We are also expecting to continue to post positive and improving cash flow from operations to a similar level as our adjusted EBITDA for the full year in 2025, with the majority of our operational cash flow expected to be generated in the second half of the year consistent with historical trends. This compares to $12.2 million in 2024, negative $8.3 million in 2023, and negative $46.8 million in 2022. In summary, 2024 was a solid year and positioned us well going forward. While we will need to manage through some of the delayed churn in M&T in the first half of 2025, we expect to achieve a better result in EE&T and at a consolidated level, gross retention remains strong. I mentioned last quarter that our overall outlook on the business is brighter and the results this quarter have only reinforced this view. We believe the company has enhanced its position in 2024 to benefit from emerging tailwinds that we are seeing of spend consolidation to a single vendor, digital and AI transformations, and the hybrid workplace that is continuing to drive demand for video-based offerings. As we move into 2025, we will continue to target both revenue growth and sustained and improving adjusted EBITDA profitability, consistent with our guidance. We believe our results demonstrate that we are on the right path to achieving these objectives and to drive consistent returns to our shareholders. We are encouraged by the increased adoption of our products highlighted by our increase in new bookings and deals in our pipeline that we believe could yield continued strength in bookings and by growing industry tailwinds as we move into 2025. We are also confident that this sets us up for a modestly accelerated revenue, adjusted EBITDA profitability, and cash flow from operations growth profile beyond 2025. Our target is to achieve double-digit revenue growth and a Rule of 30 combination between revenue growth and adjusted EBITDA by 2028 or sooner. As Ron mentioned, Kaltura has achieved this goal in the past and we firmly believe that we are on the right path to achieve it again. Before moving on to questions, I would like to highlight our upcoming investor event scheduled for Wednesday, March 12th. We look forward to providing more insights into our products, customer use cases, and our financial results. For more information, please go to the Investor Relations' page on our website that Eric has cited upfront. With that, we'll open up the call for questions. Back to you, operator.

Thank you. We will now be conducting a question-and-answer session. [Operator Instructions] The first question is from Michael Turrin from Wells Fargo. Please go ahead.

Hi. This is Richard Poland on for Michael Turin. Thanks for taking my question. I guess to start, I just want to give you an opportunity to just kind of elaborate a little bit on the on premise commentary in Q1? Just want to make sure we fully kind of unpack what's going on there from Q1 to Q2 next year.

Sure. Good morning, Richard, and hello, everyone. So, on premise represents less than 5% of our revenue, somewhere around 2%. And yet when it is recognized, it's recognized within a given quarter. It is not spread. When we look at our ARR, then we correct that in order to look at it at the ARR itself. So, it does not represent the fast recognition. But according to the rules of accounting, if you have that renewal and/or new deal happening in a given quarter, then the full year revenue is recognized within that quarter. So, Q1 has a few things going for it. One of it is that it has a bit more on prem than others and it had become a bit more pronounced with one of the deals that again, that's a very small minority of what we do. But if you look at last year also, there was a sequential decline between Q1 and Q2. The other reason is not just the on prem is the fact that generally most of our bookings are coming at the latter part of the year with an emphasis on Q4 and on Q2. So, Q1 is the weaker one. And so generally there is a low, sometimes negative net booking if you take away churn from gross booking. We also have that M&T stuff. So, the combination of all these things is what's creating downward pressure in Q2, which is quite typical for us. Does that address your question?

Yes, that was perfect. Appreciate that. And then when we think about some of these new AI features and products, I know you announced a couple in the quarter and its early days in beta. But when we think about that in the context of that 3x upsell opportunity you see in the base, how are you thinking about kind of monetizing some of the AI opportunity there? And kind of how should we think about that both as we think about next year, but also in just kind of beyond years?

Yes. Thank you for that. Good question. We're excited about AI. It's one of the big drivers we believe of the industry and of Kaltura. And specifically, we're in the best situation we believe to capitalize on that opportunity because the companies who would best benefit from AI are those who are sitting already on the content. And we have a treasure trove being the leading content management platform for many, many years. If you look at Gartner reports, so we're sitting on half of the content of half of the R1 schools in The U. S, many of the Fortune 100 and others. And we've been atomizing the content there, learning it so that we could best deliver it in a hyper personalized, hyper contextualized way that delivers great results. So, we have an unfair advantage. The other point there is that the more you control all of the content of the users and the organization, the more insights you could generate. And a big advantage of Kaltura is that we've been consolidating multiple use cases, multiple products. So, the entire employee and customer journey are running on Kaltura. That means that the metadata, the content, the analytics around the entire journey is in one place. So, if we need to understand how you could best monetize on a lead or how you could best engage and teach, learn, train, upscale an employee, we have all that data. So, with that, a few words about what are the things we're doing with AI. We recently launched the AI Content Lab and that's a piece that it basically enables us to create clips to generate quizzes on the fly, to create text summaries and chaptering and highlight videos and stuff of that regard. So that's already live and out there and being used. The second piece of what we're doing is the genies, which we've released this quarter. We have both Work, Class, and TV Genie. These are Agentic AI services that are fit to increase interactivity with the end users. What it does is that enables both proactively and reactively for users to get the exact pieces of information that they need in a highly engaging way in a very rich experience that is immersive that brings together video together with flashcards and graphics and text. So, you basically have an agent that sits there and you ask it any question that you want and the answers are free from any hallucination because it's 100% relying on the data within your organization. So, it's something that's very excited. We have dozens of folks that are already better testing it and excited both on the education and the enterprise front. The other piece is around AI enrichment. So, we've already launched our own automatic speech recognition tool, which we used to have used third-parties. We're now launching OCR tools for optical character recognition, moderation agents. We also have a whole TV experience that enables to create content and manage it in a much more effective way for TV. So, there's just a lot of stuff there. By and large, we think that this is going to boost how much content is created, how much is consumed, how much value is generated and bringing together content creation and content distribution into a virtual circle, which is really, really exciting. So, we believe there's a 10% to 100% growth opportunity for consumption of video in organizations and we are in a great, great spot to be able to monetize on that.

Awesome. That's really helpful. Thank you.

Thank you, Richard.

The next question is from Gabriela Borges from Goldman Sachs. Please go ahead.

Hey, good morning. Thank you. Ron and John, I know we spoke a little bit about 2025 priorities last quarter and certainly you gave us some more color in the prepared remarks as well. I wanted to ask you the follow-up on what do you think is incrementally more important for Kaltura last year? Where are you incrementally spending more of your time? Clearly, the consistency on the execution you called out in the prepared remarks, you talked about the focus on growth and profitability. So, we'd love to hear anything incremental this year versus last year. Thanks.

So, first, I mean, there was a question there and hello, Gabriela, and thanks for the question. There was we've highlighted five areas of growth, right? We said first, the market is re-growing. Put aside Kaltura demand and budget and the digital and AI transformation and hybrid workplace and Gen

Yes, I mean, Ron pretty much covered it, but just a summary moving forward, if you were to look at it from a financial perspective, I mean, we do see continued investment in the sales and marketing activity, consistent with our desired revenue growth goals. We'll see from as a percent of revenue expect slight decline in R&D, slight decline in G&A, but we also have a very, very flexible business. If we see opportunities to accelerate revenue growth, we're going to take advantage of that. That's why we're going to have a relatively stable, as I mentioned, consistent with revenue growth, sales, and marketing as a percent of revenue because we need to continue to invest in the growth opportunities that we see in front of us. So that's it if you look more thoroughly at the P&L.

Yes, absolutely. Well, thank you for all the comments. Follow-up for Ron on AI. So, maybe just Talk to us about how much this conversation is a pull versus a push from customers. To what extent are customers kind of gearing up to adopt and know what they want to do versus being still in the exploratory phase where Kaltura can be a strategic partner to help educate them? Maybe just share with us what those conversations look like.

I think it's somewhere in the middle, Gabriela. Some folks are still worried about the general concept of AI within the enterprise. The good news is that we are not training the models, and we are definitely not sharing any of that with customers. There's a kind of Chinese wall. So there's no problem there in that regard, and we're delivering all that great value. The other great thing is that the issue with AI is not so much what it can do, but how you actually bring it to the last mile place where you want the opportunity, Kaltura is a great vehicle because we are connected to the workflows because we have all the metadata, we have all the content and because we run the experience itself. And so we have everything that's required. The last mile piece of it is to bring the core capabilities of generating videos on the fly, repurposing them, or creating different text and delivering that within the learning or working environment. So people appreciate that. So what we've been seeing across dozens of organizations, both schools, corporations, across all industries is that they're absolutely interested. They're intrigued by it. But they're not coming at it in most cases by saying this is exactly what we need, but how can we think together about how this could disrupt and improve my business, but everybody is very, very attuned to that and excited about that. So we think it's going to have a big impact over the quarters ahead. As I said, and I'm repeating it, none of these things in and of themselves are required for us to continue to accelerate our business. That's all additional layers that are going to continue to fuel even faster the growth opportunity because the core business with everything else is still accelerating and growing nicely.

Excellent. Thank you.

Thank you.

The next question is from Patrick Walravens from Citizens. Please go ahead.

Hey, this is Austin Cole on for Pat Walravens. A question for Ron and just kind of broadly about this Rule of kind of 30 goal by 2028. I mean as you look at the market right now and you talk about kind of some of the positive momentum you're seeing, does Kaltura need to continue to see kind of an improvement in the market to achieve those goals? Or is it really just about capturing the opportunity as it stands right now? Thank you.

Yes. Thank you for that. The short answer is no. We are already in a direction, and we've reduced our sales force by 25% to where we are now from the high and bringing it back to profitability and accelerated profitability. The last three quarters have shown both sequential and year-over-year growth in bookings, and that's before increasing the sales force, and we expect to continue to start gradually adding people. And so we don't think that that's required to get things done. To remind you, we were there in the past. It's been very, very tough years for the industry. We've done better than the peers, and we've never come down, and we're now reaccelerating in H2 as we have promised. So we think we'll get there. What combination will build the Rule of 30? Is it like a 30% grower and a 0% adjusted EBITDA or 20 to 10? That's -- we said it's going to be double-digit growth. But the combination and the exact timing remains to be seen. I think you've seen us, we're very thoughtful. We're trying to be very careful about the expectations that we set and to over-deliver and under-promise. And hopefully, that's going to continue to be the case. John, do you want to add?

I mean, no, you said it, and I mentioned it in regards to the last question, I mean our goal is to have the most flexible business as possible. And ultimately, right now, obviously, we have a plan in terms of how we're going to get to the longer-term goals that we cited on the call. But importantly, we have been growing nine revenue quarters of growth in total subscriber OEs, six consecutive quarters of positive adjusted EBITDA. And both of those areas, we've also been doing better each and every quarter, and we expect that absolutely to continue. And we do have the flexibility if we see growth acceleration opportunities on the revenue front, we're going to certainly take advantage of that. And could we sacrifice a little bit of profitability? Sure, but we're still going to be profitable. We're still 100% committed to that.

Great, that’s helpful. A quick follow-up for John. Just looking at the gross margin in the quarter here, I just wanted to dig a little deeper into kind of what's driving that. And then just how to think about kind of those levels going forward?

So, a couple of things. First and foremost, if you look at the overall mix of the business, we have moved a little bit more towards subscription versus PS. I mean it's always been a strong part of our business, but we've moved, it's become an even greater part of our business, number one. Number two, which obviously has a higher margin, gross margin associated with it. Number two, our EE&T mix has also been higher overall, which also has a higher margin associated with it. And we've mentioned this, I believe it was a few calls ago, we've also had internally a very comprehensive process and team in place where we've been looking at profitability by customer across EE&T, across M&T and really going after it where we see customers that effectively aren't where we feel we need them to be, whether it's through pricing, whether it's through cost management. We're managing all aspects of the business to help drive gross margin up and to the right, which is obviously what you're seeing in our results. Longer term, moving that on a consistent basis up and towards 70% certainly is within the realm of possibility. And not that we're necessarily going to be there in 2025, but certainly, we expect to continue to move that up and to the right as we move throughout the year and as we move throughout the next couple of years.

I'll add just one more piece. Just one more piece from my end. You would have seen that we've grown from 2020 on a non-GAAP basis from 61% to 67%. When we IPO-ed the company, we said we're going to be climbing towards 70%, and we're definitely on track to do that and more. The one thing I will just say is that there could be jumps between quarters. It so happens that Q4 also had some more short-term credits that have come from AWS. So, that sometimes it boosts things. So, it could come down in Q1. We think it might come down a bit. But that being said, 2025 is expected, as we've noted, to be higher than 2024 as a year, and that trend is continuing to grow into the future.

Okay, that’s super helpful. Thank you.

Thank you.

[Operator Instructions] The next question is from Ryan Koontz from Needham & Company. Please go ahead.

Hi, this is Matt Cavanagh on for Ryan. Thanks for the question. With expectations for better market conditions next year, are there any verticals or geographies that are standing out versus others?

Thank you, Matt, for the good question. I mean maybe this is an opportunity to give you a bit of color around what we've been achieving from a business perspective over the last quarter. We did say that it's been a very good quarter. It was the third quarter in a row of both sequential and year-over-year growth in our bookings. And that actually was both in E&T and M&T that we're doing well. E&T had the highest bookings since Q3 2022. M&T had the highest bookings since Q2 2023. And also the new businesses, not just the upsell, but new business has been increasing both quarter-over-quarter and year-over-year. So, it's just general. And I think we also noted the number of six and seven-digit TCV deals we had four accounts of seven-digit TCV deals versus two the quarter before, none, the one before that, and 1 deal at the beginning. And so we also had a record number of six-digit deals. So all in all, things are pulling up. We've given you a few examples. I'm not going to get into them across both cases where it was internal communications, cases where it was external L&D, M&T. One that I didn't, by the way, add on top of those that we've mentioned like Adobe and HealthStream and Red Hat and Bret and Connecticut State Colleges is also British Telecom as a channel, which is also interesting because they added some more customers. We had with them interesting strategic partnership where they brought a global automotive brand. And in this quarter, a couple of other logos around multinationals in the automation world and global shipbuilding group and stuff like that and channel business have grown to about 15% of our booking. Last year it was about 5%. So it's definitely picking back up. We are seeing customers consolidate around Kaltura. We are seeing them, as we've mentioned, excited about AI. But to your question about geographies and verticals, it's been coming across the board, tech, financial services, professional services, automotive, health care. I would say that tech are the more quicker ones to embrace new innovations like AI. So, we expect that that will be somewhere that we could break maybe quicker on the AI front compared to others like government or education. From a geo to your question, it's been a relatively consistent trend. Our strongest region for E&T continues to be North America, and our strongest region for M&T continues to be EMEA. I will say that when you think about the impact on the average ARR that we saw earlier, it's been picking up and picking up. We've closed the year with 30 customers north of $1 million, which is four more than the year before. And obviously, we didn't get much into retention, but this year was a great, or 2024, great retention year. So net booking had been doing very, very well and is picking up quarter-over-quarter time and time again. So, the short answer to your question about both geos and verticals, we've been successful in accelerating business both in EMEA and in North America and also restarting to open APAC more. We're doing less work in Latin America. We'll probably get back to that in the future, but it's still the same regions and verticals we're successful across.

Great, that’s helpful. And as a quick follow-up, are you seeing any changes in the time to close the deal? And along with that, have there been any changes in the closure rate as you're going into 2025?

No, I mean win rates have been holding very nice. This quarter was a good quarter. The one before was great as well. So it's strong. The time that it takes, I'd say still longer than it used to have been in the "normal years," but it's definitely now getting longer. So, I think we're seeing things getting better when things get a bit quicker. But I wouldn't say that there's been a dramatic shift in Q4 that we should talk about.

Got it. Thank you. That’s it for me. Congrats.

Thank you.

This concludes the question-and-answer session. I would like to turn the floor back over to Ron Yekutiel, CEO, for closing comments.

Yes, I want to thank you all for your great questions, everybody, for tuning in. We're pleased with our quarter four and fiscal year results in line with what we had communicated prior around accelerating revenue coming back to profitability. We're excited about 2025. We believe we're on track to continue growing both bookings, accelerating revenue growth, and increasing both our gross and net margins. We believe we're on track, as we had stated, to be a Rule of 30 company again, and we are happy of how we've been advancing towards that. And we look forward to talking to a lot of you guys on March 12th. To remind you, we have our Investor Day, Investor Meeting. So, please go into our Investors section on our website and register if and when you can. Thank you, and have a wonderful day and week. Bye, bye.