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Thank you for standing by. This is the conference operator. Welcome to the Corvus Pharmaceuticals Second Quarter 2023 Conference Call. [Operator Instructions]. I would now like to turn the conference over to

Thank you, operator. And good afternoon, everyone. Thanks for joining us for the Corvus Pharmaceuticals Second Quarter 2023 Business Update and Financial Results Conference Call. On the call to discuss the results and business updates are Richard Miller, Chief Executive Officer; Leiv Lea, Chief Financial Officer; James Rosenbaum, Senior Vice President of Research; and Ben Jones, Senior Vice President of Regulatory and Pharmaceutical Sciences. The executive team will open the call with some prepared remarks, followed by a question-and-answer period. I would like to remind everyone that comments made by management today and answers to questions will include forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements are based on estimates and assumptions as of today and are subject to risks and uncertainties that may cause actual results to differ materially from those expressed or implied by those statements, including the risks and uncertainties described in Corvus' quarterly report on Form 10-Q, which was filed today with the SEC, and other filings the company makes with the SEC from time to time. The company undertakes no obligation to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statements, except as required by law. With that, I'd like to turn the call over to Leiv.

Thank you,

Thank you, Leiv. And good afternoon, everyone. Thank you for joining us today for our business update call. We continue to focus on the significant opportunity to develop soquelitinib our selective ITK inhibitor as a potential novel approach for cancer immunotherapy. Over the last few months, we achieved several key advancements that further increased our confidence and broader interest in soquelitinib including: ongoing enrollment in our Phase I/Ib trial in peripheral T-cell lymphoma and presenting additional data from that trial at a major international Lymphoma meeting; second, publication of a very comprehensive article in bioRXiv on the chemical properties, immunologic function and mechanism of action of soquelitinib in preclinical models of hematologic and solid tumors; third, submission of our data package for an upcoming meeting in the third quarter with FDA to discuss our registration strategy and proposed Phase III trial for soquelitinib in relapsed peripheral T-cell Lymphoma or PTCL. And we remain on track to initiate our Phase III trial by the end of the year and plan to start a monotherapy solid tumor study within the next several months. In addition, we are accumulating exciting new data with ciforadenant or adenosine 2A receptor inhibitor. Recent highlights from this program include completion of the Phase Ib portion of the Phase Ib/II trial conducted by the kidney cancer consortium with advancement into the Phase II portion of the study in frontline therapy of renal cell cancer in combination with ipilimumab and nivolumab. Initial data from this trial is anticipated by the end of the year. Second, presentation at the Japan Cancer Association AACR joint meeting on the mechanism of action of ciforadenant and its effects on myeloid T-cell interactions. Now I will share more of the details on our progress with soquelitinib and with ciforadenant. We continue to strengthen the scientific and clinical foundation for the potential use of soquelitinib in cancer immunotherapy and importantly are progressing towards a potential registration Phase III randomized trial for T-cell lymphoma. Briefly, we feel soquelitinib is a very special medicine because of the following attributes. Number one, the ability to inhibit a precisely-defined very specific molecular target, the kinase enzyme ITK with no other known significant off-target effects. Two, early clinical data has demonstrated multipronged effects on the immune system through its modulation of T-cell differentiation. Three, in the clinic, we have shown monotherapy antitumor activity with durable responses in very sick patients, along with an attractive safety profile with chronic dosing. We view soquelitinib as a potential novel approach to cancer immunotherapy that is distinct from checkpoint inhibitors and with the potential to complement or synergize with checkpoint blockade. We believe soquelitinib is first in class as it is the most advanced and selective ITK inhibitor in development. It has an initial opportunity to be an important new treatment option for patients with relapsed PTCL and also represents a platform opportunity across a broad range of cancers and immune diseases. We remain on track to meet with the FDA this quarter to discuss our proposed Phase III study. We anticipate that the study would be a randomized trial of approximately 150 total patients comparing soquelitinib monotherapy to standard-of-care chemotherapy agents. The planned primary endpoint is progression-free survival. The study also will include an interim analysis. Assuming our meeting with FDA will be successful, we plan to initiate the Phase III trial before the end of the year, and we have begun recruitment of potential trial sites and investigators. We anticipate up to 40 centers internationally. So far, we have enlisted premier academic and private centers that are preeminent leaders in the lymphoma field. Our principle investigator is a leader in the field and has published extensively in conducted Phase III studies in T-cell lymphoma. The most recent interim data on soquelitinib was presented at the International Conference on malignant lymphoma in June. We reported that as of May 18, 2023, a total of 30 patients were enrolled in the Phase I/Ib clinical trial in patients with relapsed T-cell lymphoma at the optimum 200-milligram 2 times a day dose, including 20 patients evaluable for response. To briefly recap, out of the 20 evaluable patients, there were three complete responses and three partial responses, with one of these partial responses demonstrating continued regression of tumor. The findings showed that for patients with an absolute lymphocyte count, or ALC, above 900 per cubic milliliter of blood, objective responses were seen in six of 14 patients, with disease control in 12 of 14 patients. Correlative laboratory studies on blood and tumor tissue confirmed the mechanism of action, showing increased infiltration of tumors with cytotoxic T-cells with increased cytolytic capacity and reduction of T-cell exhaustion markers. We are encouraged by the clinical and lab results and continue to enroll patients in the study. We have submitted an abstract for the ASH Annual Meeting in December, where we plan to present additional information on this trial. Further interest in our trial has been generated by the recent publication of preclinical data on soquelitinib and bioRXiv, which highlighted the selective inhibition of ITK to enhance antitumor immune response to hematologic and solid tumors through a novel mechanism of action. Key takeaways from the publication are that soquelitinib, one, is a covalent, irreversible inhibitor that selectively binds to and inhibits ITK function while sparing other closely-related kinases, including resting lymphocyte kinase or RLK. Two, it leads to activation of cytotoxic killer cells, increasing infiltration of these cells into tumors. And three, it reduces and reverses T-cell exhaustion, resulting in a more potent and prolonged immune response. The effects on T-cell exhaustion were unanticipated and address a major limitation of current immune-based therapies. T-cell exhaustion often is a major cause of resistance to immune checkpoint therapy as well as CAR T-cell therapies. We also found that soquelitinib inhibited Th2 T-cell function in the production of Th2 cytokines, leading to Th1-skewing and the production of interferon gamma and tumor necrosis factor, which are important cytokines in tumor rejection. The publication showed soquelitinib led to in vivo antitumor activity in several mouse tumor models, including colon, renal, melanoma, B cell and T-cell tumors. Given its multipronged effects, we anticipate soquelitinib will have monotherapy activity as well as complement or synergize with other immune therapies such as checkpoint inhibitors. We're excited by the mechanism studies and results described in the bioRXiv publication, and we are planning to initiate clinical studies to evaluate the ability of single agent soquelitinib to enhance immune responses to solid tumors. A protocol has now been developed, and our first indication will be in renal cell cancer patients in first or second relapse following frontline checkpoint inhibitor therapy. The primary objective of this study will be to evaluate antitumor activity. We have several reasons for starting with renal cell cancer to establish proof of principle, and we are planning for other solid tumors as well. The Kidney Cancer Research Consortium has expressed strong interest in soquelitinib and will lead this trial. Finally, we continue to develop our ITK inhibitor platform for potential use in autoimmune diseases based on the findings that soquelitinib inhibits Th2 and Th17 function and their secreted cytokines. These cytokines play a crucial role in many inflammatory diseases. So, this approach represents a new idea in the treatment of immune diseases such as atopic dermatitis, asthma, fibrosis and many other autoimmune allergic diseases. We plan to publish preclinical data on the activity of soquelitinib in auto-immunoallergic diseases soon. Turning to our partner-led programs, the Kidney Cancer Research Consortium is currently enrolling patients in a Phase Ib/II clinical trial evaluating ciforadenant, our adenosine A2A receptor inhibitor as a potential first-line therapy for metastatic renal cell cancer in combination with ipilimumab and nivolumab. The Phase Ib safety portion of the trial has been successfully completed, and patients are currently being enrolled in the Phase II portion of the trial with no change in dosing. The clinical trial is expected to enroll up to 60 patients. And based on current time lines, we anticipate initial interim data before the end of 2023. You may recall that this study is based on our 2018 publication showing that the anti-CTLA-4 antibody was the best agent to combine with ciforadenant or other A2A antagonist. In June, our team presented new preclinical data for ciforadenant at the Japanese Cancer Association and American Association for Cancer Research Precision Cancer Medicine International Conference. The presentation highlighted data supporting the synergy between ciforadenant and immune checkpoint blockade leading to a pro-inflammatory response. The data demonstrated the involvement of myeloid cells and that the combination of ciforadenant with immune checkpoint blockade leads to production of Th1 helper cells that promoted the production of several pro-inflammatory cytokines. This confirms our published earlier work in human clinical trials that found a myeloid gene expression signature as a biomarker for response. This biomarker called the adenosine gene signature is based on measuring the expression of eight myeloid genes. We are encouraged by this preclinical data and look forward to sharing updates on our clinical trial by the end of the year. For mupadolimab, our partner, Angel Pharmaceuticals is continuing to enroll patients in a Phase I/Ib clinical trial in China with mupadolimab alone and together with pembrolizumab in patients with non-small cell lung cancer and head and neck squamous cell cancers. We made significant progress executing on our strategic initiatives in the second quarter of 2023. We remain focused on advancing ITK inhibition as a new approach to immunotherapy and look to extend the opportunity beyond lymphomas to a broad range of solid cancers and immune diseases. We have a number of key upcoming milestones for our clinical programs, which include continued enrollment in our Phase I/Ib trial of soquelitinib, meeting with the FDA this quarter to discuss a registration Phase III trial, initiation of the Phase I solid tumor monotherapy study of soquelitinib and interim data from the ciforadenant Phase II trial in frontline metastatic renal cell cancer. Our programs provide us multiple opportunities to address significant patient needs in cancer and immune diseases. So multiple shots on goal give us significant optionality and the potential to efficiently build value for our shareholders. In closing, we look forward to providing updates on our programs in the coming quarters. I will now turn the call over to the operator for Q&A. Operator?

[Operator Instructions]. The first question comes from Roger Song with Jefferies. Please go ahead.

Great. Thanks for taking the question. Congrats for the -- on the progress. Maybe a couple of questions from us, Rich. So, the first one for the new data from the Phase Ib/a, soquelitinib. The -- at ASH. So, what should we expect to see in terms of the patient number or follow-up? Or any other new data points you will draw our attention to see at ASH? Thank you.

So, the ASH abstracts just went in a few days ago, as you know, and ASH meeting is not until December. So that's quite away. I think that we'll update the data that we have at that time, which I would think would be another 10, 20 patients over what we reported on May 18. We're also doing a lot more of the, I would say, the laboratory relative work, which helps us not only for T-cell lymphoma, but for solid tumors as well. We'll likely update the Street before ASH on the progress of our Phase Ib trial, but I just mentioned the ASH meeting as something that most people know about. So, we've been giving updates obviously very frequently at meetings and during these calls, so we'll continue to do that. But ASH meeting is a for sure meeting for us.

Excellent. Thank you. And then so in terms of the CIFO, at the end of the year, you also will have the Phase II RCC data. A similar question. So, what should we expect from there? What particularly -- what will be the potential next step after the data?

Well, Roger, I'm glad you asked that question because it gives me a chance to remind people that the CIFO trial is ciforadenant, a small molecule oral A2A antagonist, is being combined with ipi and nivo in first-line renal cell cancer. Now the reason for combining it with ipi/nivo is twofold. One is ipi/nivo is showing in renal cell cancer a plateau on the curve, on the PFS curves. Early on, the PD-1 seem to be better. But there seems to be more durable, longer-term remissions with CTLA-4 containing regimens. So, we and others are interested to see if we can increase the plateau on those curves. In other words, maybe cure more people. So that's one reason. The second reason that we're excited about this program is that we showed, and we now have very, very consistent data on this, that the best agent to combine with an adenosine antagonist, an A2A antagonist, is not an anti-PD-1 but an anti-CTLA-4. And I don't have time to go into the science behind that now, but it's pretty straightforward, I would say. CTLA-4 is the best agent scientifically, and our animal data published in 2018 showed that. So, the trials that we're doing in frontline, although an open -- it is an open-label study, doesn't have a concomitant control. But we know very well work that's been done from MD Anderson and Vanderbilt in other sites that if you use as a response criteria, what's called deep response, which is complete responses, plus partial responses that are more than 50% tumor regression. So-called deep responses correlate really well with PFS. And in a couple of different trials, deep response rate with ipi/nivo is 32%. So that's the number we're looking to beat. And I suspect that by the end of the year, I don't know, we'll probably have 20, 30 patients with some follow-up in that category, who have been treated and followed long enough to make that determination. Makes sense?

Yes, absolutely. That's it. Thank you.

The next question comes from Aydin Huseynov with Ladenburg. Please go ahead.

Hi, good afternoon, everyone. Thank you for taking the question and congratulations on the progress this quarter. So, a couple of questions for me. So, you plan to meet with the FDA this quarter, which is within next several weeks. And the latest Phase Ib data for soquelitinib was at was May 18, so it's almost three months from now. And the kind of data that you're going to share with the FDA at that meeting, is it just the data before cutoff date of May 18? Or there will be something more than that because some time passed over that and you probably have some more responders or nonresponders? So, I'm just curious the kind of data you're going to share with the FDA.

Aydin, the data that's in our package that's been submitted to FDA contains pretty much the date to May 18. I'm not sure exactly. It might go a few days beyond that, but not very much. That package goes in significantly in advance. But this package contains data at all the dose levels. Recall that what we presented in May 18 was the 200-milligram dose, our optimum dose. But we've shared with FDA now the entire study, the safety, efficacy, the follow-up, pharmacokinetics, biomarker data, basically everything, as well as our plans for Phase III as well as our plans for subsequent studies. There are still some other preclinical studies that we would have to do. So that's what's in that package. I mean that's all pretty standard.

Okay. Understood. All right. So, given soquelitinib mechanism of action and given that this is actually independent of checkpoint inhibition, would you -- how would you evaluate the possibility of future use of soquelitinib ahead of PD-1, PD-L1, so if it's approved and sort of follow-on studies, follow-on sort of use in the future?

So, our initial intent, of course, is to study as a single agent, and we're studying it in renal cell cancer patients for a variety of reasons. Number one, renal is typically thought of as an immune responsive tumor, and these patients are all going to get a PD-1 upfront, and then they're going to relapse. So, we're going to get a chance to study monotherapy with soquelitinib in patients who have failed the PD-1, who have relapsed. And so, we'll be able to look at reasons for their failure to PD-1 and whether or not our monotherapy could rescue that. So, we'll learn a lot from that. There'll be a bunch of biopsies incorporated into that. Now the way our protocol -- the way this protocol I'm discussing is written, if a patient -- when a patient progresses on our monotherapy, we can add a PD-1 to it. Now there's good rationale to use a PD-1 together with soquelitinib, and the rationale is multifold. Number one, their independent mechanism of actions, they have different effects on the immune system. Number two, exhaustion seems to be increasingly identified as a major mechanism of resistance to PD-1. So, an -- the ITK inhibitor seems to prevent or reverse exhaustion, and we're getting a much better understanding of that if we think that's due to reduction of tonic T-cell receptor signaling. And then the third reason is that ITK is actually involved in the PD-1/PD-L1 negative signal, and that is a very good reason for combining PD-1 and ITK inhibitor together. Let me say that again just so it's clear because it gets a little confusing. PD-1/PD-L1, of course, sends a negative signal a T-cell. An anti-PD-1 blocks that. Well, the PD-1/PD-L1 negative signal requires ITK. So, if you were to block PD-1 or PD-L1, plus block ITK, you've totally incapacitated that negative signal, okay? So, there are a lot of reasons to combine it with checkpoint blockade. But I think that given that we've been studying it in T-cell lymphoma, and in T-cell lymphoma as a monotherapy, we see tumors regress. We see large tumors regress. We see them stay away for a long time. And it's not because ITK is in the tumor, it's because of the effect on the host immune response. So, what we're seeing in T-cell lymphoma, we believe, will be directly transferable to our work in solid tumors. Is that clear?

Understood. Yes, that's good. But do you think that it is possible at all that soquelitinib will be used ahead of PD-1 in the future?

I think that's possible. I think that's possible. I mean I could see a scenario where you want to increase the T-cells that migrate into the tumor, and then you want to add a PD-1 to perhaps prevent any negative PD-1/PD-L1 interaction. I think that's possible. In terms of the sequence of the drugs, that's something we're now actually testing in animal models.

Okay. That's helpful. Are you aware of any other sort of earlier-stage competitors developing ITK inhibitors for either heme or solid tumors?

I am not aware of any other ITK inhibitor that's in clinical trials. There have been -- and I'm glad you asked this question because there's a lot of confusion out there. There have been -- shortly after my team developed ibrutinib, which cross reacts with ITK, there were many people who said there's ITK inhibitors and so forth and so on. So, a lot of people were claiming that, oh, they got drugs that block ITK. But that's not the issue or that's not the challenge. The challenge is to make an ITK inhibitor that doesn't hit any of those other kinases that are involved in T-cell differentiation, the important one being RLK or resting lymphocyte kinase. To my knowledge, I don't know if any ITK inhibitor, that hits only ITK and does not hit RLK or any of the other closely related. So, for example, ibrutinib does hit ITK weekly, but it hits RLK really hard. So that's no good. You don't want that. So, bottom line is, I believe, that soquelitinib is unique. And what's unique about it is the specificity for ITK and the sparing of the other kinases, specifically RLK. Now that didn't happen by accident. That's what the Corvus team set out to do when the company was founded. That was the strategy. We wanted to make an ITK inhibitor that was selective, especially with respect to RLK. That's a very challenging chemical problem, but we were successful doing it. Now the reason that was our objective is because of genetic studies that were done in mice 20 years ago showing that if you selectively specifically knock out ITK, you get this Th2 blockade and Th1 skewing, which leads to greater antitumor activity. So, our objective was a result of very selective genetic studies done a couple of decades ago. We were able to make the selectivity and, of course, now are moving it, advancing it in clinical trials. The reason we started in T-cell lymphoma was because ITK is in T-cell lymphomas. That gave us an easy way to look at occupancy of the target in the tumor and so forth and so on. And also, at the time we started, we didn't have as much information about solid tumors. But really, there is no reason to think that the mechanism of action is restricted to T-cell malignancies. Having said that, T-cell malignancy is a good place to start. It's obviously an unmet need. Endpoints, especially in the relapse setting, occur quickly on the order of months, a few months. So, for competitive reasons, for clinical trial reasons, it's a good place to start. And we learned a lot about the biology of ITK. We're able to, I believe, get some good intellectual property around not only our drug but methods of use. And I think that we're in a really good position now from a competitive standpoint because we've really staked out a pretty significant territory in this space.

Thank you. This is super helpful. Just one last question for me. This is more like a general question. Would you consider selling your Angel Pharmaceuticals stake just to raise on that of capital and to be able to focus on the U.S. business? And if you do, how much would the value that stake in Angel Pharmaceuticals?

First of all, I want to start by saying we love Angel Pharmaceuticals. We have a great collaboration, and they're doing some great work over there, and it's certainly been a synergistic relationship. I mean would we consider it? Yes, of course, we would consider monetizing Angel in some way if that became necessary and if the terms were favorable. In fact, that was one of the strategies for starting Angel way back a couple of years ago when we started it. The reasons we did Angel were to facilitate our global development, to tap into rapidly emerging markets in China, to accelerate clinical development, et cetera, et cetera. But it also gave us another, if you will, financing vehicle, if necessary. So yes, we could do that. By the way, we own 49% of the stock in Angel. And so yes, we would consider that. But how would we value it? Well, I would value it a lot more than most folks are. But the valuation of Angel when it was started, the company raised $41 million from some Chinese biotech pharma companies as well as some individuals, $41 million and had a post-money valuation of roughly $110 million, and that was two years ago. Since that time point, Angel now has 30 employees roughly, a laboratory facility and two clinical trials with both our ITK inhibitor and with mupadolimab going on. So, we think it's a lot more valuable today than it was two years ago.

Got it. Thanks so much. Congratulations on the progress, and we look forward to the updates.

The next question comes from Li Watsek with Cantor Fitzgerald. Please go ahead.

This is Rosemarie Li on for Li Watsek. Thank you, so much for taking the question. So, for soquelitinib and TCL, would you be able to clarify if the meeting with the FDA has been scheduled, if they are gating steps and if you have a plan to communicate feedback to the Street?

Rosemarie, the meeting has been scheduled. A data package has been submitted. And yes, we would plan to give feedback to the Street.

Great. Thank you. And then very quickly for your plan in solid tumors. Are you going to do any biomarker selection like you're doing for TCL? Or are you going to start off broadly?

I think we'll start off broadly. We don't have ALC built into the protocol as it is currently developed -- or currently being developed. I don't think that's going to be an issue, though, because most of the patients -- this is a different disease, where the starting disease will be renal cell cancer in first or second relapse. Those patients are pretty immunocompetent. That's a lot different than our lymphoma patients who are incredibly suppressed. It's a very different kind of population, which is a very good point you're making.

[Operator Instructions] The next question comes from Jeff Jones with Oppenheimer. Please go ahead.

Thank you, and congratulations on the quarter, guys. Just two questions for me. How much cash do you anticipate you'll need to complete the Phase III study as designed? And then can you share your current thinking on additional indications for the ITK program but in autoimmune and allergy and how you're thinking about this?

Thank you, Jeff. Okay. Two questions. Let's start with the financial one. Let me have Leiv, our CFO, answer that.

So, Jeff, trial designed is about 150 patients randomized trial, and we project it will be conducted in about 40 centers internationally. The total cost of the trial itself, maybe $20 million, take about two years to enroll and complete

Okay. And in terms of autoimmunity and allergy, Jeff, we are very much into that. We are continuing to pursue various animal models. We actually have a protocol for atopic dermatitis that's being lined up. Probably wouldn't start that until early next year. There is an entire second- and third-generation program we have going on, where we're developing other ITK inhibitors with similar selectivity but with more propensity to affect, let's say, Th2 versus Th17 or Th1. We have some ideas that we could make even better compounds for allergy. And of course, we're also trying to deal with the issue of not wanting to have a cancer drug in an allergy and autoimmune drug. We are aware and concerned about those pricing issues. But we think that given the technology and given the chemistry that we've established, that we can make drugs, ITK inhibitors with more desired features, especially directed towards autoimmunity, particularly directed towards autoimmunity. So that's sort of our strategy. But listen, I mean as you well know, with potential upcoming Phase III trial, our ongoing ciforadenant study, solid tumor study, mupadolimab being done by Angel, we have a lot on our plate right now. There's no question that if we had more resources, we'd be in the clinic with allergy right now, allergy and autoimmunity right now. No question about that. But we just think that the cancer indications especially for us, given that that's our expertise, we feel that, that's a better investment for us at this time.

Great. Really appreciate the color guys.

No, that's okay. I see we have no more questions. First of all, I thank everyone for participating in this call. We look forward to updating you on future developments in our upcoming calls. Thank you very much, everyone.